Automated server-side model for recognition of security vulnerabilities in scripting languages

With the increase of global accessibility of web applications, maintaining a reasonable security level for both user data and server resources has become an extremely challenging issue. Therefore, static code analysis systems can help web developers to reduce time and cost. In this paper, a new static analysis model is proposed. This model is designed to discover the security problems in scripting languages. The proposed model is implemented in a prototype SCAT, which is a static code analysis Tool. SCAT applies the phases of the proposed model to catch security vulnerabilities in PHP 5.3. Empirical results attest that the proposed prototype is feasible and is able to contribute to the security of real-world web applications. SCAT managed to detect 94% of security vulnerabilities found in the testing benchmarks; this clearly indicates that the proposed model is able to provide an effective solution to complicated web systems by offering benefits of securing private data for users and maintaining web application stability for web applications providers

An evaluation of broad bean, Vicia faba, and whole wheat combinations for growth, development, and maintenance of rats

The purpose of this study was to compare growth, development, and maintenance of young and adult rats fed whole-wheat and broad-bean protein combinations. Criteria used to evaluate the nutritive value of the protein combinations for young animals included weight gain, protein efficiency ratio (PER), hemoglobin level, and liver copper and iron deposition. The length of the experimental period with the young rats was four weeks. Weight gain and apparent nitrogen retention were used to evaluate the test protein diets for adult animals over a one-week experimental period. Weight gains of young rats fed whole wheat as the only protein source were markedly lower than the weight gains of rats fed broad beans or whole-wheat and broadbean combinations

Reversed Light-Dark Cycle and Restricted Feeding Regime Affect the Circadian Rhythm of Insulin and Glucose in Male Rats

Circadian clock is entrained by external time cues and influences nearly all aspects of physiology

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Multifocal electroretinogram in retinal vein occlusion

AbstractPurposeTo determine the effects of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) on multifocal electroretinogram (MF-ERG) parameters, to correlate MF-ERG and standard electroretinogram (ERG) and to correlate MF-ERG with findings of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in cases of RVO.MethodsBoth eyes of 50 patients with RVO and 50 eyes of 25 normal subjects were examined using MF-ERG, standard ERG, fluorescein angiography and OCT. The latency in millisecond (ms) and response density in nanovolt (nv/degenerations) were measured for each of four quadrant areas and central area. OCT was used to measure the foveal retinal thickness. Fluorescein angiography was used to measure retinal ischemia.ResultsCentral retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) markedly affected all parameters of MF-ERG. In pathological quadrants in branch retinal vein occlusion, the response densities of MF-ERG were decreased and latencies of p-wave were prolonged. The MF-ERG responses obtained from eyes with RVO were significantly different (P>0.05) from derived from the fellow eyes. The amplitude of MF-ERG were abnormal in 40 eyes and implicit times were delayed in 48 eyes compared with normal subjects. While 30Hz flicker implicit were abnormal in only 24 eyes with RVO. Implicit times were prolonged in eyes with macular ischemia than in eyes without ischemia.There were significant correlation between foveal retinal thickness measured by OCT and P response density MF-ERG in cases of retinal vein occlusion.ConclusionMF-ERG is more susceptible than standard ERG to eye changes of RVO due to the multiple frequencies of stimulation used to record MF-ERG response. MF-ERG could be sensitive indicator of underlying disease affecting the retinal in eyes with RVO. MF-ERG is useful for detecting local retinal dysfunction in patients with RVO and sensitive to morphological changes and functional disorders induced by RVO

A Novel Loss-of-Sclerostin Function Mutation in a First Egyptian Family with Sclerosteosis

Sclerosteosis is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized by increased bone density. Mutations in SOST gene coding for sclerostin are linked to sclerosteosis. Two Egyptian brothers with sclerosteosis and their apparently normal consanguineous parents were included in this study. Clinical evaluation and genomic sequencing of the SOST gene were performed followed by in silico analysis of the resulting variation. A novel homozygous frameshift mutation in the SOST gene, characterized as one nucleotide cytosine insertion that led to premature stop codon and loss of functional sclerostin, was identified in the two affected brothers. Their parents were heterozygous for the same mutation. To our knowledge this is the first Egyptian study of sclerosteosis and SOST gene causing mutation

In Vitro Evaluation of Some Fungicides Alternatives Against Fusarium Oxysporum the Causal of Wilt Disease of Pepper (Capsicum annum L.)

Abstract The inhibitory effect of the antagonistic bioagents, chemical plant resistance inducers and some essential oils against the linear growth of two isolates of F. oxysporum the wilt pathogen of pepper (Capsicum annum L.) was evaluated in vitro. The antagonistic microorganisms, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, T. aureiviride, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas fluorescens were tested. Also, the tested chemical inducers were Sodium benzoate, Potassium bicarbonate, Potassium sorbate and Chitosan. Meanwhile, the tested essential oils were Cinnamon, Clove, Thyme, Lemon grass, Lemon, Mint, Pepper mint and Mustard. The obtained results indicate that the antagonistic bioagents, T. viride, B. subtilis, P. fluorescens showed superior inhibitory effect against the growth of pathogenic fungi compared with T. harzianum and T. aureiviride. The fungal mycelial growth reduced gradually by increasing of tested concentrations to reach complete reduction (100%) at the concentrations of 4% for Potassium bicarbonate and Sodium benzoate and at 6% for Potassium sorbate. Data also revealed that the fungicide Topsin-M had superior inhibitor effect on the fungal linear growth than that of tested salts. It cause complete growth reduction at concentration of 300ppm. Chitosan was found to affect the linear growth of the two isolates of F. oxysporum that the complete reduction in fungal growth (100%) was observed at concentration of 4.5 g/L. Results also showed that Thyme, Lemon grass, Peppermint, Clove and Mint oils had higher inhibitor effect on fungal mycelial growth than Limon, Cinnamon and Mustard oils. Fungal mycelial growth decreased significantly as the concentrations of essential oils were increased, to reach the fungal growth&apos;s minimum at the highest concentration used. Complete reduction (100%) in mycelial growth of two fungal isolates was recorded at concentration of 6% of all tested essential oils. The obtained results in the present study showed the possibility of usage antagonistic bioagents, various plant inducers and essential oils to control plant pathogenic fungi

Role of bone marrow-derived stem cells, renal progenitor cells and stem cell factor in chronic renal allograft nephropathy

Introduction: Chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN) is a poorly understood clinico-pathological entity associated with chronic allograft loss due to immunologic and non-immunologic causes. It remains the leading cause of late allograft loss. Bone marrow derived stem cells are undifferentiated cells typically characterized by their capacity for self renewal, ability to give rise to multiple differentiated cellular population, including hematopoietic (HSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Characterization of HSCs includes their multipotency, expression of typical surface markers such as CD34 and CD45, while characterization of MSC includes their multipotency, expression of typical surface markers such as CD90 and CD105, and the absence of hemopoietic lineage markers. Aim & methods: The aim of the present work was to study the role of bone marrow-derived HSCs and MSCs, renal progenitor cells and SCF in chronic renal allograft nephropathy in relation to renal hemodynamics and histopathological changes. We studied 30 patients with kidney transplantation for more than 6 months, divided into 15 patients with stable serum creatinine and 15 patients who developed CAN. Detection of HSCs and MSCs in the peripheral blood using flow cytometry via detection of CD34, CD45, CD117 and CD106, as well as immunohistochemical detection of CD34, CD133, VEGF and αSMA in transplanted kidney biopsies of patients with CAN were done. Results: There was a significant increase in the levels of SCF, number of peripheral blood HSCs and MSCs in both transplanted patient groups than the controls and they were higher in patients of group Ia than patients of group Ib, (F = 39.73, P < 0.001), (F = 13.28, P < 0.001), (F = 11.94, P < 0.001), respectively and this was accompanied by evident expression of markers of renal repair. Conclusion: Stem cells might have a role in renal regeneration in CAN and this may pave the way toward the use of stem cells in correction of CAN. KEYWORDS: Chronic allograft nephropathy, Hematopoietic stem cells, Mesenchymal stem cells, Stem cell factor, Renal regeneratio

Psychological Distress and Suicidal Tendency of Depressed Patients

This study aimed at identifying the relationship between psychological distress and suicidal tendency of depressed patients. A descriptive correlational design was utilized in this study. A sample of convenience of 100 depressed patients was recruited from the Out-patient Clinic of Tahnasha Psychiatric Hospital in El Minia Governorate. A socio-demographic data sheet, Suicidal Tendency Scale, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS) were used to achieve the purpose of the study. A semi-structured interview method was used to collect data from patients. Results of this study revealed that, almost two third of the subjects were females, married, illiterate, unemployed, residing rural areas, and most of them were in the age group ranged from 20-39 years old. More than one third of the subjects were attempting suicide from one to three times or more. A statistically significant correlation was detected between suicidal tendency and psychological distress. In conclusion, depressed patients are having multiple stressors, social, environmental, and interpersonal factors that with their personality character can aggravate the symptom of depression and interfere with their productivity, initiation, and prevent the interaction with others. It was recommended that, a training program should be designed for nurses who are dealing with depressed patients and specially those who are at risk for suicide to provide them with knowledge about how to assess those patients, evaluate their needs, and prevent the risk of suicide