The scope of the crustacean immune system for disease control

The culture or wild capture of marine and freshwater shellfish, including crustaceans, is without doubt a key source of protein for a burgeoning world population. Historically the expansion of aquaculture has, however, been accompanied by the increased incidence of economically significant diseases, most notably of viral and bacterial origin. Since the late 1970s great progress has been made in our understanding of the generalized protostome innate immune system. Distinct pathways, pathogen receptor proteins and effector molecules have since been identified that are not ancestral or homologous to those of the deuterostomes, including vertebrates. Within the past decade progress has accelerated with the rapid characterisation of new classes of recognition proteins, immune effectors and regulatory pathways. This paper provides a broad overview of our current understanding of invertebrate immunology, taking the crustacean decapod immune system as its focus. Recent developments in the field are described briefly and their implications and potential considered. These advances offer fundamental new insights in our efforts to understand disease in cultured populations and also to develop knowledge of environmental effects on host/pathogen interactions within a fishery context. Of course, challenges do remain, including the lack of an immortal cell line and the limited publically-available genomic resources. These are considered in this review as priorities for future research effort. With the continued application of more insightful technologies, coupled with associated investment, it is expected that the speed at which some of these issues are resolved will accelerate

Is Bangkok Ready for Open Banking? A Research Note on Exploring the Variables that Affect Innovation Adoption

Today, the globe is seeing rapid growth in digital banking. Many financial technologies are vital and have been implemented. The most ground-breaking financial technology is open banking. It is based on the principle that it allows third-party financial service providers access to customer banking, transactional, and other financial data from banks and non-banks. However, the implementation of open banking technology is restricted due to the presence of unclear government regulations. Furthermore, there are many variables that influence the adoption of such technologies by customers. Thus, this article aims to examine the numerous variables that influence the adoption of open banking innovation among customers in Bangkok. We extend the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology 2 by incorporating a conceptual model of perceived security. The hypotheses of the conceptual model were subsequently assessed with partial least squares structural equation modelling using an online survey of 210 Bangkok consumers. Our finding reveals that open banking innovation adoption is directly influenced by performance expectations, social influence, price value, and perceived security. The hypothesis model has a significant amount of predictive ability, with an R2 of 51.3%. In addition, Q2 values demonstrated a moderate to high degree of predictability for open banking adoption