HOUSEHOLD CHARACTERISTICS, CONSUMPTION PATTERN AND HOUSEHOLD FOOD SECURITY BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19 IN BANTEN PROVINCE

Households that are accustomed to food insecurity will find a more difficult situation at this time, exacerbated by Covid-19 as fewer resources to comply with social distancing recommendations. Food insecure individuals may also be less flexible in their jobs to enable them to earn income while staying at home, or may be at higher risk of losing their jobs altogether, thereby reducing (or eliminating) their incomes. Design of this study is a crosssectional study using purposive sampling, where 218 households were obtained as respondents. These factors can put food insecure households at a higher risk of contracting Covid-19 and greater food insecurity due to the economic effects of Covid-19 mitigation efforts. The characteristics of the head of the family in this study as a whole were between the ages of 26-35 years with a high school education level, working as private employees with an income level of more than regional wages.The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of the family, consumption patterns and food security before and during Covid-19 occurred in the province of Banten. The results showed that there were differences in family consumption patterns before and during Covid-19 with values (p=0.001) and there were differences in the average score of family food security before and during Covid-19 with values (p=0.001). The covid-19 pandemic conditions affect the consumption pattern and food security of the family, therefore it is necessary to modify various diets so that the family can survive

LAPORAN PENELITIAN DASAR KEILMUAN HUBUNGAN POLA PEMBERIAN MAKAN BALITA DAN ANAK (PMBA), PENGETAHUAN GIZI, ASUPAN MAKAN DAN STATUS PENYAKIT INFEKSI DENGAN STATUS GIZI BALITA DI DESA PAGELARAN KAB. PANDEGLANG

Standar emas PMBA ini sangat direkomendasikan karena dapat menurunkan angka kematian anak dan meningkatkan kualitas hidup ibu. Risiko mortalitas pada anak yang tidak pernah disusui 21% lebih besar saat postnatal risiko kematian karena diare 4,2 kali lebih sering pada bayi yang disusui arsial dan 14,2 kali lebih sering pada bayi yang tidak disusui (Retno, 2013). Menurut World Health Organization (WHO) tahun 2012. Jumlah penderita gizi kurang di dunia mencapai 104 juta anak dan keadaan gizi kurang masih menjadi penyebab sepertiga dari sepuluh penyebab kematian anak di seluruh dunia. Asia Selatan merupakan wilayah dengan prevalensi gizi kurang terbesar di dunia, yaitu sebesar 46% kemudian wilayah sub Sahara Afrika 28%, Amerika Latin 7% dan yang paling rendah terdapat di Eropa Tengah, Timur, dan Commonwealth of Independent States (CEE/CIS) sebesar 5%. UNICEF melaporkan sebanyak 167 juta anak usia pra-sekolah di dunia yang menderita gizi kurang (underwight) sebagian besar berada di Asia Selatan (Balitbang Kemenkes RI, 2013). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pemberian makan bayi dan anak (PMBA), pendidikan ibu, pengetahuan gizi ibu, status penyakit infeksi, asupan makan dengan status gizi balita usia 9-11 bulan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan crossectional study, jumlah responden sebanyak 70 ibu yang diwawancara terkait variabel PMBA, pengetahuan gizi, status penyakit infeksi, asupan makan dan status gizi bayi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden penelitian 54,3% berjenis kelamin perempuan dan 58,7% berada pada usia (12-24 bulan). Status gizi subjek lebih banyak pada kategori gemuk dan obese yaitu 67,1%. Subjek yang yang memiliki kadar asam urat darah tinggi yaitu sebanyak 55,3% dan yang memiliki kadar asam urat normal yaitu sebanyak 44,7%. Pola PMBA dengan status gizi responden berdasarkan BB/U tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna dimana nilai p-value > 0,05. Untuk pengetahua ibu tentang PMBA didapatkan bahwa tidak berhubungan secara bermakna dimana nilai p-value > 0,05, demikian juga dengan status infeksi responden dan asupan energi keduanya tidak berhubungan secara bermakna dimana nilai p-value > 0,05. Kata kunci : PMBA, Status Gizi, Pengetahuan Gizi, Status Infeks

HUBUNGAN ASUPAN ZAT GIZI, POLA MAKAN, DAN PENGETAHUAN GIZI DENGAN STATUS GIZI SANTRI DI PONDOK PESANTREN YATIM AT-THAYYIBAH SUKABUMI

Masalah gizi merupakan masalah kompleks yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor langsung dan faktor tidak langsung.Asupan zat gizi, pola makan,dan pengetahuan mengenai gizi menjadi faktor yang memengaruhi gizi secara tidak langsung.Pada masa remaja membutuhkan asupan yang baik karena pada masa tersebut sedang mengalami pertumbuhan baik dari segi fisik maupun psikis, sehingga apabila mengalami kekurangan asupan akan mengalami pertumbuhan yang lambat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan zat gizi, pola makan,dan pengetahuan gizi dengan status gizi santri di Pondok Pesantren Yatim At-Thayyibah Sukabumi. Desain studi dalam penelitian ini adalah cross sectionaldan teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah 76 subjekusia 13-18 tahun. Padapenelitian ini,tidak terdapat hubungan antara asupan zat gizi (p>0,05), pola makan (p>0,05) dan pengetahuan gizi (p>0,05) dengan status gizi.Kata kunci: Asupan zat gizi, Pengetahuan gizi, Pola makan, Status gi

Energy intake and snack consumption related to overweight in adolescent at Islamic High School of Al-Azhar 1

Overweight can be one of some reasons that cause non-infectious diseases. It is caused by there is no balancing between their energy intake, snack and flavored drink consumption. This study aims to determine the relation of energy intake, consuming some snacks and sweet drinks with the case of overweight in adolescents was aged between 16-18 years old at SMA Islam Al-Azhar 1 Jakarta. This research used cross-sectional design with proportionate stratified random sampling. Number of subjects in this study was120 adolescents, mostly boys. The result of this study showedmost of subjectswere having nutritional excess status overweight (50,8%), excessiveenergy intake (60%), excessivesnack consumption(52,5%), and appropriate flavored drink consumption (55,8%). Chi-square test showed there was a relation between energy intake (p0,05).Keywords: Adolescents, Flavored Drink Consumption, Energy Intake, Overweight,Snack Consumptio

Hubungan PMBA, Pengetahuan Gizi, Asupan Makan dan Status Penyakit Infeksi dengan Status Gizi Balita

Background: Nutritional status is fully determined by the nutrients the body needs and other factors that determine the amount of absorption and use of these substances. Objective: in this study to determine the relationship between infant and toddler feeding patterns, nutritional knowledge, infection status and food intake with the nutritional status of children under five in Pagelaran Village, Pandeglang. Method: The study design was cross sectional with all toddlers as respondents, aged 0 - 59 months. Result: Feeding patterns of infants and children (PMBA) with the same nutritional status as thin, thin and obese in providing food is still not right, namely 72.7 with no significant relationship where the p-value> 0.05. Meanwhile, maternal nutrition knowledge, infectious disease status and food intake related to energy intake all did not have a significant relationship where the p-value was> 0.05. Conclusion: The pattern of feeding infants and children by mothers is still not as expected, where the level of mother's knowledge is still low about how to feed babies and children (PMBA

Laparoscopy in management of appendicitis in high-, middle-, and low-income countries: a multicenter, prospective, cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Appendicitis is the most common abdominal surgical emergency worldwide. Differences between high- and low-income settings in the availability of laparoscopic appendectomy, alternative management choices, and outcomes are poorly described. The aim was to identify variation in surgical management and outcomes of appendicitis within low-, middle-, and high-Human Development Index (HDI) countries worldwide. METHODS: This is a multicenter, international prospective cohort study. Consecutive sampling of patients undergoing emergency appendectomy over 6 months was conducted. Follow-up lasted 30 days. RESULTS: 4546 patients from 52 countries underwent appendectomy (2499 high-, 1540 middle-, and 507 low-HDI groups). Surgical site infection (SSI) rates were higher in low-HDI (OR 2.57, 95% CI 1.33-4.99, p = 0.005) but not middle-HDI countries (OR 1.38, 95% CI 0.76-2.52, p = 0.291), compared with high-HDI countries after adjustment. A laparoscopic approach was common in high-HDI countries (1693/2499, 67.7%), but infrequent in low-HDI (41/507, 8.1%) and middle-HDI (132/1540, 8.6%) groups. After accounting for case-mix, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.55, 95% CI 0.42-0.71, p < 0.001) and SSIs (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.14-0.33, p < 0.001). In propensity-score matched groups within low-/middle-HDI countries, laparoscopy was still associated with fewer overall complications (OR 0.23 95% CI 0.11-0.44) and SSI (OR 0.21 95% CI 0.09-0.45). CONCLUSION: A laparoscopic approach is associated with better outcomes and availability appears to differ by country HDI. Despite the profound clinical, operational, and financial barriers to its widespread introduction, laparoscopy could significantly improve outcomes for patients in low-resource environments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT02179112

Pooled analysis of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist use and mortality after emergency laparotomy

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) Surgical Safety Checklist has fostered safe practice for 10 years, yet its place in emergency surgery has not been assessed on a global scale. The aim of this study was to evaluate reported checklist use in emergency settings and examine the relationship with perioperative mortality in patients who had emergency laparotomy. Methods In two multinational cohort studies, adults undergoing emergency laparotomy were compared with those having elective gastrointestinal surgery. Relationships between reported checklist use and mortality were determined using multivariable logistic regression and bootstrapped simulation. Results Of 12 296 patients included from 76 countries, 4843 underwent emergency laparotomy. After adjusting for patient and disease factors, checklist use before emergency laparotomy was more common in countries with a high Human Development Index (HDI) (2455 of 2741, 89.6 per cent) compared with that in countries with a middle (753 of 1242, 60.6 per cent; odds ratio (OR) 0.17, 95 per cent c.i. 0.14 to 0.21, P <0001) or low (363 of 860, 422 per cent; OR 008, 007 to 010, P <0.001) HDI. Checklist use was less common in elective surgery than for emergency laparotomy in high-HDI countries (risk difference -94 (95 per cent c.i. -11.9 to -6.9) per cent; P <0001), but the relationship was reversed in low-HDI countries (+121 (+7.0 to +173) per cent; P <0001). In multivariable models, checklist use was associated with a lower 30-day perioperative mortality (OR 0.60, 0.50 to 073; P <0.001). The greatest absolute benefit was seen for emergency surgery in low- and middle-HDI countries. Conclusion Checklist use in emergency laparotomy was associated with a significantly lower perioperative mortality rate. Checklist use in low-HDI countries was half that in high-HDI countries.Peer reviewe

Global variation in anastomosis and end colostomy formation following left-sided colorectal resection

Background End colostomy rates following colorectal resection vary across institutions in high-income settings, being influenced by patient, disease, surgeon and system factors. This study aimed to assess global variation in end colostomy rates after left-sided colorectal resection. Methods This study comprised an analysis of GlobalSurg-1 and -2 international, prospective, observational cohort studies (2014, 2016), including consecutive adult patients undergoing elective or emergency left-sided colorectal resection within discrete 2-week windows. Countries were grouped into high-, middle- and low-income tertiles according to the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Factors associated with colostomy formation versus primary anastomosis were explored using a multilevel, multivariable logistic regression model. Results In total, 1635 patients from 242 hospitals in 57 countries undergoing left-sided colorectal resection were included: 113 (6·9 per cent) from low-HDI, 254 (15·5 per cent) from middle-HDI and 1268 (77·6 per cent) from high-HDI countries. There was a higher proportion of patients with perforated disease (57·5, 40·9 and 35·4 per cent; P < 0·001) and subsequent use of end colostomy (52·2, 24·8 and 18·9 per cent; P < 0·001) in low- compared with middle- and high-HDI settings. The association with colostomy use in low-HDI settings persisted (odds ratio (OR) 3·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·35 to 7·57; P = 0·008) after risk adjustment for malignant disease (OR 2·34, 1·65 to 3·32; P < 0·001), emergency surgery (OR 4·08, 2·73 to 6·10; P < 0·001), time to operation at least 48 h (OR 1·99, 1·28 to 3·09; P = 0·002) and disease perforation (OR 4·00, 2·81 to 5·69; P < 0·001). Conclusion Global differences existed in the proportion of patients receiving end stomas after left-sided colorectal resection based on income, which went beyond case mix alone