Multi‐residue analysis of 44 pharmaceutical compounds in environmental water samples by solid‐phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry

International audienceA solid‐phase extraction combined with a liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry analysis has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 44 pharmaceuticals belonging to different therapeutic classes (i.e., antibiotics, anti‐inflammatories, cardiovascular agents, hormones, neuroleptics, and anxiolytics) in water samples. The sample preparation was optimized by studying target compounds retrieval after the following processes: i) water filtration, ii) solid phase extraction using Waters Oasis HLB cartridges at various pH, and iii) several evaporation techniques. The method was then validated by the analysis of spiked estuarine waters and wastewaters before and after treatment. Analytical performances were evaluated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, detection, and quantification limits. Recoveries of the pharmaceuticals were acceptable, instrumental detection limits varied between 0.001 and 25 pg injected and method quantification limits ranged from 0.01 to 30.3 ng/L. The precision of the method, calculated as relative standard deviation, ranged from 0.3 to 49.4%. This procedure has been successfully applied to the determination of the target analytes in estuarine waters and wastewaters. Eight of these 44 pharmaceuticals were detected in estuarine water, while 26 of them were detected in wastewater effluent. As expected, the highest values of occurrence and concentration were found in wastewater influent

Simultaneous determination of 42 pharmaceuticals in seafood samples by solvent extraction coupled to liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

International audienceAn efficient and sensitive analytical method based on liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of 42 pharmaceuticals belonging to different therapeutic classes (i.e. antibiotics, analgesics, anti-inflammatories, cardiovascular agents, anxiolytics and human indicators) in seafood samples. The very simple sample preparation included analytes extraction with acidified methanol, concentration by evaporation and filtration of the final extract prior to LC–MS/MS analysis. Analytical performances were evaluated in muscles of four commercial species (hake, red mullet, sole and shrimp) and showed good recoveries at two spiked concentration levels, with relative standard deviations below 45%. Limits of quantification ranged from 0.1 to 40.2 ng/g. This procedure has been successfully applied to the determination of the target analytes in seafood collected from the Bay of Biscay (Southern France) and 4 of these 42 pharmaceuticals were detected at low ng/g levels, suggesting a very limited contamination

Microbial degradation of hydrophobic emerging contaminants from marine sediment slurries (Capbreton Canyon) to pure bacterial strain

Despite emerging contaminants (ECs) are more and more monitored in environmental matrices, there is still lack of data in marine ecosystems, especially on their fate and degradation potentials. In this work, for the first time, the degradation potential of synthetic musks (galaxolide and tonalide), UV filters (padimate O and octo-crylene) and a pharmaceutical compound (carbamazepine) was studied in marine sediment samples, under laboratory conditions using sediment slurry incubations under biotic and abiotic conditions. Minimum half life times under biotic conditions were found at 21 days, 129 days and 199 days for padimate O, galaxolide and carbamazepine, respectively. Enrichments conducted under anoxic and oxic conditions demonstrated that degradations after one month of incubation either under both biotic and abiotic conditions were limited under anoxic conditions compared to oxic conditions for all the contaminants. Novel aerobic bacteria, able to degrade synthetic musks and UV filters have been isolated. These novel strains were mainly related to the Genus Bacillus. Based on these results, the isolated strains able to degrade such ECs, can have a strong implication in the natural resilience in marine environment, and could be used in remediation processes

Adaptation and validation of QuEChERS method for the simultaneous analysis of priority and emerging pollutants in sediments by gas chromatography—mass spectrometry

<p>A Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe (QuEChERS) method has been adapted and validated for the simultaneous determination of priority (16 PAHs, 12 PCBs and 7 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs)) and emerging (carbamazepine, 9 musks and 6 sunscreens) pollutants in sediments by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). The sample preparation was adapted by modifying the nature of the extraction solvent and optimising clean-up and evaporation steps. The method was validated by the analysis of spiked estuarine and marine sediments. Analytical performances were evaluated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision and detection limits. The method shows good linearity (coefficients of determination > 0.998) and repeatability (RSD < 10%). Obtained recoveries are acceptable, ranging from 62% to 131% for all the compounds. Detection limits are estimated to range from 0.01 ng/g to 3.18 ng/g. This developed method offers the ability to detect and quantify several priority and emerging pollutants at low concentration levels in sediments.</p

Priority and emerging micropollutants distribution from coastal to continental slope sediments: A case study of Capbreton Submarine Canyon (North Atlantic Ocean)

International audienceIncising continental margins, submarine canyons are key issue for understanding shelf/deep sea exchange of particulate pollutant, impact on marine ecosystem and global geochemical cycling. The occurrence and distribution of 100 priority and emerging micropollutants were investigated in sediments within the first 25 km of the Capbreton submarine area. The most predominant compounds were polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), trace metals and metalloid (TMs) (e.g. mercury, lead and arsenic), synthetical musks (e.g. musk ketone, galaxolide), UV filters (e.g. octocrylene and 2-ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate, EHMC) as well as some pharmaceuticals (e.g. azithromycin, acetaminophen). Highest concentrations were measured in submarine canyon sediments, distant from the coast and were correlated with both organic carbon and fine fraction contents, where PAHs, EHMC and musk ketone concentrations up to 7116, 32 and 7 ng g−1 dry weight, respectively. Those results likely demonstrate, that atmospheric inputs of pyrogenic PAHs, and both trapping and transporting of polluted particles along the continuum shore/deep sea by the Capbreton Canyon, might lead to an accumulation of anthropogenic micropollutants. The ecological risk assessment indicates that priority pollutants raise a potentially high risk for benthic organisms (e.g. PAHs, TMs). This might raised a specific concern about how the human can impact this ecosystem

Priority and emerging micropollutants in sediments of Capbreton Canyon (SW France)

International audiencePriority substances set by the Water Framework Directive (WFD) are of major interest to evaluate the quality of coastal and marine systems, the final receptors for pollutant emissions. Emerging substances not regulated by the WFD, i.e. personal care products and pharmaceuticals, are of high concern since only scarce information of their occurrence, reactivity and impact are available in themarine environment.A large screening of micropollutants has been achieved in surface sediments collected in the Canyon of Capbreton (Gulf of Biscay). Twenty-four stations have been sampled within the first 30 km of the canyon in July 2017. Occurrence andconcentrations of priority (PAHs, PCBs, OCPs and trace metal) and emerging micropollutants (synthetic musks and sunscreens compounds) have been determined. In addition, sediments collected at three different depths were used to perform incubation experiments with a synthetic musk (HHCB) or a sunscreen compound (OD-PABA). Experiments have been performed at 12°C in the dark, controls have been also conducted with sterilized sediments. Some priority substances were lower than the detection limits whereas PAHsand PCBs exhibited high concentration levels ranging from 199 to 7,116 ng.g-1 and from 0.1 to 18.6 ng.g-1, respectively. Emerging micropollutants were measured at low concentrations. Musk compounds (HHCB, AHTN and MK) concentrations were up to 3.6, 2.3 and 7.0 ng.g-1, respectively. Sunscreens (3-BC, 4-MBC, EHMC and OC) concentrations were up to 6.2, 9.2, 31.8 and 29.2 ng.g-1, respectively. Highest concentrations were observed for offshore stations. Sediments from terraces or slopes of the canyon exhibited higher levels compared to those from the continental shelf. Degradation potentials have been only observed under biotic condition for OD-PABA suggesting the involvement of biologically mediated mechanism

Projet Micropolit. Synthèse sur l’évaluation des impacts sur les différents sites ateliers en matière de biodiversité et de bioaccumulation. Compartiment biote

Le projet Micropolit a eu pour objectif de décrire et de suivre l'évolution de la qualité du milieu littoral sud aquitain avec une approche pluri-disciplinaire, spatiotemporelle et en considérant plusieurs compartiments (eau/sédiment/biote). Ce document a vocation de synthétiser pour chaque biote les sites concernés, les molécules recherchées et les principaux résultats obtenus. Chaque fiche est indépendante. Pour de plus amples détails, se reporter aux publications ou aux autres livrables (dont celui sur les protocoles de collecte, mesures, préparation et stockage des échantillons biologiques en vue de leurs analyses chimiques). Un bilan synthétique des productions pour ce volet biote est présenté en fin de document. Échantillons biologiques considérés : I.   Espèces commerciales (poissons et crevettes avec parasites dans le cas du merlu) II.  Espèce amphihaline (anguille européenne) III.  Zooplancton IV. Goéland leucophée V.  Taxons biodiversité benthique VI. Microorganismes procaryote

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on antifungal consumption: a multicenter retrospective analysis

Abstract Background In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, antifungal overuse may have occurred in our hospitals as it has been previously reported for antibacterials. Methods To investigate the impact of COVID-19 on antifungal consumption, a multicenter retrospective study including four medical sites and 14 intensive care units (ICU) was performed. Antifungal consumption and incidences of invasive fungal diseases before and during COVID-19 pandemic, for non-COVID-19 patients and COVID-19 patients, were described. Results An increase in voriconazole consumption was observed in 2020 compared with 2019 for both the whole hospital and the ICU (+ 40.3% and + 63.7%, respectively), whereas the incidence of invasive aspergillosis significantly increased in slightly lower proportions in the ICU (+ 46%). Caspofungin consumption also increased in 2020 compared to 2019 for both the whole hospital and the ICU (+ 34.9% and + 17.0%, respectively) with an increased incidence of invasive candidiasis in the whole hospital and the ICU but in lower proportions (+ 20.0% and + 10.9%, respectively). Conclusions We observed an increased consumption of antifungals including voriconazole and caspofungin in our hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic and explained in part by an increased incidence of invasive fungal diseases in COVID-19 patients. These results are of utmost importance as it raises concern about the urgent need for appropriate antifungal stewardship activities to control antifungal consumption

Eutrophisation. Manifestations, causes, conséquences et prédictibilité. Rapport de l'Expertise scientifique collective

L’eutrophisation touche de nombreux lacs, réservoirs, rivières et zones côtières, en France et dans le monde. Elle génère des perturbations majeures pour les écosystèmes aquatiques et a des impacts sur les biens et les services associés, sur la santé humaine et sur les activités économiques. Dans certains espaces, elle est devenue une question socialement vive. Les débats sur l’identification des facteurs et des niveaux de risque d’eutrophisation, permettant d’orienter les politiques publiques, ont conduit les ministères en charge de l’environnement et de l’agriculture à confier au CNRS, à l’Ifremer, à l’INRA et à Irstea la réalisation d’une Expertise scientifique collective (ESCo) sur le sujet. Cette ESCo établit un état des lieux critique sur les connaissances scientifiques disponibles au plan international sur les causes, les mécanismes, les conséquences et la prédictibilité des phénomènes d’eutrophisation. Elle identifie les notions considérées comme certaines et celles encore entachées d’incertitudes, les lacunes, les questions faisant l’objet de controverses scientifiques, ainsi que les leviers d’action existants pour endiguer l’eutrophisation

Interactive effects of irradiance and temperature on growth and domoic acid production of the toxic diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis (Bacillariophyceae)

International audienc