Coulomb Corrections in Photoelectron Spectra in the Adiabatic Limit

A momentum-dependent Coulomb correction to the probability of nonlinear ionization in a strong low-frequency laser field is derived analytically in the adiabatic limit, when the quasi-static tunneling model applies. Obtained formulas show that the Coulomb modification of photoelectron spectra can be significant both in linearly and circularly polarized fields. For linear polarization, it leads to a relative enhancement of the ionization probability for photoelectron energies of the order of the ponderomotive energy. This Coulomb effect is expected to be most significant for atomic species with relatively low ionization potentials, such as alkali atoms

Adiabatic-limit Coulomb factors for photoelectron and high-order-harmonic spectra

A momentum-dependent Coulomb factor in the probability for nonlinear ionization of atoms by a strong low-frequency laser field is calculated analytically in the adiabatic approximation. Expressions for this Coulomb factor, valid for an arbitrary laser pulse waveform, are obtained and analyzed in detail for the cases of linear and circular polarizations. The dependence of the Coulomb factor on the photoelectron momentum is shown to be significant in both cases. Using a similar technique, the Coulomb factor for emission of high-order harmonics by an atom in a bichromatic laser field is also calculated. In contrast to the case of a single-frequency field, for bichromatic fields the Coulomb factor depends significantly on the harmonic energy

Adiabatic-limit Coulomb factors for photoelectron and high-order-harmonic spectra

A momentum-dependent Coulomb factor in the probability for nonlinear ionization of atoms by a strong low-frequency laser field is calculated analytically in the adiabatic approximation. Expressions for this Coulomb factor, valid for an arbitrary laser pulse waveform, are obtained and analyzed in detail for the cases of linear and circular polarizations. The dependence of the Coulomb factor on the photoelectron momentum is shown to be significant in both cases. Using a similar technique, the Coulomb factor for emission of high-order harmonics by an atom in a bichromatic laser field is also calculated. In contrast to the case of a single-frequency field, for bichromatic fields the Coulomb factor depends significantly on the harmonic energy

Using induced sputum method in clinical practice in patients with bronchial asthma

This article presents an overview of modern statements of the induced sputum method; detailed description of the methods and protocols for taking sputum in adults and children, methods for processing the obtained substance. The paper describes in detail the features of the cellular composition of induced sputum in healthy individuals and in patients with bronchial asthma, emphasizes the importance of the eosinophilia level as a prognostic and diagnostic criterion of asthma and also determines the functions of other induced sputum cells such as neutrophils, macrophages, basophils. The article is illustrated with photographs of sputum microscopy. In addition to sputum cytology, we give accent to the possibility of using other research methods such as an identification of viral and bacterial pathogens, genomics, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, determination of the concentration of various mediators in the sputum supernatant. The paper presents the ideas on biochemical inflammatory markers and remodelling of the respiratory tract in asthma, which can be determined in sputum (C3a anaphylatoxin, clusterin, periostin, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin, folliculin). In addition, we summarize the information on inflammatory phenotypes of bronchial asthma, emphasize their variability and modification depending on the period of the disease, prescribed treatment, intercurrent respiratory infections, and smoking. The article also presents detailed characteristics of eosinophilic, neutrophilic, mixed and small granulocyte phenotypes of bronchial asthma, and describes the most frequent correlations of phenotypes with the severity and course of the disease, with lung function parameters and other indicators. The paper gives an account of the possibilities of using the induced sputum method for a comprehensive assessment of the course, asthma controllability and the effectiveness of drug therapy, as well as for a personalized selection of an antiinflammatory drug considering the inflammatory phenotype

Energy Dependence of Nuclear Transparency in C(p,2p) Scattering

The transparency of carbon for (p,2p) quasi-elastic events was measured at beam energies ranging from 6 to 14.5 GeV at 90 degrees c.m. The four momentum transfer squared q*q ranged from 4.8 to 16.9 (GeV/c)**2. We present the observed energy dependence of the ratio of the carbon to hydrogen cross sections. We also apply a model for the nuclear momentum distribution of carbon to normalize this transparency ratio. We find a sharp rise in transparency as the beam energy is increased to 9 GeV and a reduction to approximately the Glauber level at higher energies.Comment: 4 pages, 2figures, submitted to PR

Suppression of hole-hole scattering in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures under uniaxial compression

Resistance, magnetoresistance and their temperature dependencies have been investigated in the 2D hole gas at a [001] p-GaAs/Al$_{0.5}$Ga$_{0.5}$As heterointerface under [110] uniaxial compression. Analysis performed in the frame of hole-hole scattering between carriers in the two spin splitted subbands of the ground heavy hole state indicates, that h-h scattering is strongly suppressed by uniaxial compression. The decay time $\tau_{01}$ of the relative momentum reveals 4.5 times increase at a uniaxial compression of 1.3 kbar.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures. submitted to Phys.Rev.

Первый опыт применения машинной холодовой оксигенированной перфузии почечного трансплантата от доноров с расширенными критериями

Objective: to evaluate the safety and efficacy of hypothermic oxygenated machine perfusion (HOPE) for kidney grafts obtained from expanded criteria donors (ECD).Materials and methods. From June 2018 to June 2021, 200 surgeries involving kidney transplants from deceased donors were performed at Botkin City Clinical Hospital. Of these, 123 were men (61.5%) and 77 were women (38.5%). The mean age was 47.62 ± 11.69 (20–73) years. In 102 cases, kidney grafts were procured from ECD. In 92 recipients (90.2%) of kidney transplants from an expanded criteria donor, static cold storage done according to the standard technique was used to preserve the organ; these patients constituted observation group 1. In 10 recipients (9.8%), hypothermic oxygenated perfusion was used in addition to static cold preservation; these patients formed observation group 2.Results. No 30-day mortality was recorded in both observation groups. The mean static cold storage time in group 1 patients was 612.33 ± 178.88 (133–1180) minutes. Overall incidence of delayed graft function was 26.5% (53/200). Incidence of delayed graft function was 19.3% (19/98) for organs from standard donors using static cold storage and 35.8% (33/92) for ECD organs. Twenty-five patients (12.5%) had postoperative complications. Postoperative complications with delayed graft function were diagnosed in 12 patients, which was 22.6% (12/53), with immediate function in 13 patients, which was 8.8% (13/147). Mean cold storage time in group 2 patients was 319.11 ± 110.24 (311–525) minutes. Mean HOPE time was 202.34 ± 21.48 (150–210) minutes. Delayed graft function was recorded in 1 group 2 patient (10%). No complications, including perfusion-related one, were recorded in this group.Conclusion. The unique technique used at Botkin City Clinical Hospital for HOPE in kidney transplant is safe. It provides a low risk of delayed graft function for ECD kidneys.Цель: оценить безопасность и эффективность машинной холодовой оксигенированной перфузии почечных трансплантатов от доноров с расширенными критериями.Материалы и методы. С июня 2018 года по июнь 2021 года в хирургической клинике Боткинской больницы выполнено 200 трансплантаций почки от посмертного донора. Из них 123 – мужчинам (61,5%) и 77 – женщинам (38,5%). Средний возраст составил 47,62 ± 11,69 (20–73) года. В 102 случаях почечный трансплантат был изъят у донора с расширенными критериями. У 92 реципиентов (90,2%) почечного трансплантата от донора с расширенными критериями для сохранения органа использовалась статическая холодовая консервация по стандартной методике, эти пациенты составили I группу наблюдения. У 10 реципиентов (9,8%) выполнялась постхолодовая машинная оксигенированная перфузия, эти пациенты составили II группу наблюдения.Результаты. В обеих группах наблюдения не зафиксировано 30-дневной летальности. Среднее время статической холодовой консервации у пациентов первой группы составило 612,33 ± 178,88 (133–1180) минуты. Общая частота отсроченной функции почечного трансплантата составила 26,5% (53/200). При использовании органа от стандартного донора с применением статической холодовой консервации частота развития отсроченной функции трансплантата составила 19,3% (19/98), от донора с расширенными критериями – 35,8% (33/92). Послеоперационные осложнения зафиксированы у 25 пациентов (12,5%). Послеоперационные осложнения при развитии отсроченной функции трансплантата диагностированы у 12 больных, что составило 22,6% (12/53), с немедленной функцией – у 13 больных, что составило 8,8% (13/147). Среднее время холодовой консервации у пациентов II группы составило 319,11 ± 110,24 (311–525) минуты. Среднее время машинной холодовой оксигенированной перфузии – 202,34 ± 21,48 (150–210) минуты. У 1 пациента (10%) II группы наблюдения зафиксирована отсроченная функция трансплантата. Осложнений, в том числе связанных с перфузией, в этой группе больных не зафиксировано.Заключение. Оригинальная методика Боткинской больницы по машинной холодовой оксигенированной перфузии почечного трансплантата безопасна. Ее проведение ассоциируется с низким риском развития отсроченной функции почечного трансплантата от доноров с расширенными критериями

MULTIFACTORIAL ASSESSMENT OF POSTMORTEM LUNG DONOR

The appropriate evaluation and the development of special measures to protect donor lungs are important factors for successful lung transplantation. Aim. To develop and determine the effectiveness of the protocol of morpho- functional assessment of potential lung donor. Methods and results. During the period from May, 2011 to May, 2012, 37 donors with diagnoses of brain death were surveyed. 5 bilateral lung transplantations were performed only in 2 cases donors have been evaluated as «ideal». In the majority of recipients early postoperative period was evaluated as satisfactory. Conclusion. Designed multivariate algorithm of donor with brain death assess- ment, effectively implemented through the selection of donors for lung transplantation with satisfactory results in the early postoperative period. However, compliance with ideal criteria will not allow to effectively provide care for patients with terminal lung disease under conditions of continuous growth of «waiting list»

Essential versus accessory aspects of cell death: recommendations of the NCCD 2015

Cells exposed to extreme physicochemical or mechanical stimuli die in an uncontrollable manner, as a result of their immediate structural breakdown. Such an unavoidable variant of cellular demise is generally referred to as ‘accidental cell death’ (ACD). In most settings, however, cell death is initiated by a genetically encoded apparatus, correlating with the fact that its course can be altered by pharmacologic or genetic interventions. ‘Regulated cell death’ (RCD) can occur as part of physiologic programs or can be activated once adaptive responses to perturbations of the extracellular or intracellular microenvironment fail. The biochemical phenomena that accompany RCD may be harnessed to classify it into a few subtypes, which often (but not always) exhibit stereotyped morphologic features. Nonetheless, efficiently inhibiting the processes that are commonly thought to cause RCD, such as the activation of executioner caspases in the course of apoptosis, does not exert true cytoprotective effects in the mammalian system, but simply alters the kinetics of cellular demise as it shifts its morphologic and biochemical correlates. Conversely, bona fide cytoprotection can be achieved by inhibiting the transduction of lethal signals in the early phases of the process, when adaptive responses are still operational. Thus, the mechanisms that truly execute RCD may be less understood, less inhibitable and perhaps more homogeneous than previously thought. Here, the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death formulates a set of recommendations to help scientists and researchers to discriminate between essential and accessory aspects of cell death