Migration law for random parameters rockfall in steeply dipping coal seams

The migration process of rockfall has certain complexity and randomness in steeply dipping coal seams (SDCS). The three-dimensional random migration of rockfall with random parameters cannot be accurately simulated. Taking the transport process of arbitrarily shaped rockfall formed by roof leakage in steep seam working face as the research object, a method for generating rockfall with the random shape of irregular polyhedrons based on the ellipsoid equation is provided. And based on the geographic information system data, such as the contour line of the bottom floor of the working face, the 3D grid model of the bottom floor is established. The random transport process of rockfall in three-dimensional mining space was simulated using Monte Carlo random simulation technology combined with the energy tracking method (ETM) to compile the program, considering the randomness of collision recovery coefficient and friction coefficient between rockfall and working face floor. The influence of randomness of parameters on the migration velocity, angular velocity and energy of rockfall is analyzed. With the increase of the coefficient of variation of parameters, the influence of the randomness of the parameters on the transport characteristics of rockfall becomes greater. The impact of the collision recovery coefficient on the migration process of rockfall is much more significant than that of the friction coefficient. The offset ratio of rockfall increases with the increase of the variation coefficient. The method presented in this paper can be used to simulate the motion of rockfall more accurately, and a theoretical basis is provided for predicting and protecting rockfall hazards

Pilot-scale open fermentation of food waste to produce lactic acid without inoculum addition

Lactic acid (LA) production through non-sterilized open fermentation of food waste without inoculum addition was investigated. Results from laboratory-scale experiments indicated that the optimal solid–liquid ratio was 1 : 1 (water content 91.7%). Addition of α-amylase could significantly accelerate the hydrolysis of food waste and consequently increase LA productivity. During the pilot-scale fermentation, the highest LA concentration (21.5 g L−1) was achieved at 48 h. After 48 h, the LA concentration decreased and the byproducts (mainly acetic acid and propionic acid) concentration increased, which was likely caused by the increased cell density of microorganisms other than lactic acid bacteria. After 48 h of fermentation, the total sugar and suspended solids concentration decreased by 65.7% and 61.8%, respectively, suggesting that the LA fermentation was beneficial to achieve the harmless reduction of food waste. The results from this study demonstrated the feasibility of LA production from food waste fermentation without sterilization and extra inoculum addition

Autocrine laminin-5 ligates {alpha}6{beta}4 integrin and activates RAC and NF{kappa}B to mediate anchorange-independent survival of mammary tumors

Invasive carcinomas survive and evade apoptosis despite the absence of an exogenous basement membrane. How epithelial tumors acquire anchorage independence for survival remains poorly defined. Epithelial tumors often secrete abundant amounts of the extracellular matrix protein laminin 5 (LM-5) and frequently express α6β4 integrin. Here, we show that autocrine LM-5 mediates anchorage independent survival in breast tumors through ligation of a wild-type, but not a cytoplasmic tail–truncated α6β4 integrin. α6β4 integrin does not mediate tumor survival through activation of ERK or AKT. Instead, the cytoplasmic tail of β4 integrin is necessary for basal and epidermal growth factor–induced RAC activity, and RAC mediates tumor survival. Indeed, a constitutively active RAC sustains the viability of mammary tumors lacking functional β1 and β4 integrin through activation of NFκB, and overexpression of NFκB p65 mediates anchorage-independent survival of nonmalignant mammary epithelial cells. Therefore, epithelial tumors could survive in the absence of exogenous basement membrane through autocrine LM-5–α6β4 integrin–RAC–NFκB signaling

Autocrine laminin-5 ligates α6β4 integrin and activates RAC and NFκB to mediate anchorage-independent survival of mammary tumors

Invasive carcinomas survive and evade apoptosis despite the absence of an exogenous basement membrane. How epithelial tumors acquire anchorage independence for survival remains poorly defined. Epithelial tumors often secrete abundant amounts of the extracellular matrix protein laminin 5 (LM-5) and frequently express α6β4 integrin. Here, we show that autocrine LM-5 mediates anchorage-independent survival in breast tumors through ligation of a wild-type, but not a cytoplasmic tail–truncated α6β4 integrin. α6β4 integrin does not mediate tumor survival through activation of ERK or AKT. Instead, the cytoplasmic tail of β4 integrin is necessary for basal and epidermal growth factor–induced RAC activity, and RAC mediates tumor survival. Indeed, a constitutively active RAC sustains the viability of mammary tumors lacking functional β1 and β4 integrin through activation of NFκB, and overexpression of NFκB p65 mediates anchorage-independent survival of nonmalignant mammary epithelial cells. Therefore, epithelial tumors could survive in the absence of exogenous basement membrane through autocrine LM-5–α6β4 integrin–RAC–NFκB signaling

Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab versus sintilimab treatment in patients with advanced squamous lung cancer: A real-world study in China

ImportanceBoth pembrolizumab and sintilimab have been approved by the Chinese State Drug Administration (NMPA) for the first-line treatment of patients with advanced squamous lung cancer. The differences of the two drugs in efficacy and safety are unclear.ObjectivesTo compare the real-world efficacy and safety of first-line treatments in patients with advanced squamous lung cancer.Materials and methodsThis was a retrospective review of patients with advanced squamous carcinoma who received sintilimab or pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy as first-line therapy between June 2018 and April 2022 in the Chinese PLA Hospital. The primary objective was to compare the objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) between the two groups. Secondary objectives were to compare the disease control rate (DCR) and to analyze adverse events (AEs) between the two groups.ResultsA total of 164 patients were enrolled, including 63 patients (38.4%) in the sintilimab-combined chemotherapy group and 101 patients (61.6%) in the pembrolizumab-combined chemotherapy group. The ORR was 65.10% in the sintilimab group and 61.40% in the pembrolizumab group (P=0.634). The DCR was 92.10% and 92.10% in the sintilimab and pembrolizumab groups, respectively (P=0.991). The median PFS was 22.2 months for patients treated with sintilimab group compared with 16.5 months for patients treated with pembrolizumab group[hazard ratio (HR) = 0.743; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.479-1.152; P = 0.599]. Patients treated with pembrolizumab did not achieve a median OS, and patients treated with sintilimab had a median OS of 30.7 months. In the sintilimab group, the incidence of all treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) was 92.1% (58/63), and the incidence of grade 3-4 TRAEs of 42.9% (27/63). In the pembrolizumab group, the incidence of all TRAEs was 90.1% (91/101), and the incidence of grade 3-4 TRAEs was 37.6% (38/101).ConclusionIn the clinical treatment of Chinese patients with advanced squamous lung cancer, first-line treatment with sintilimab in combination with chemotherapy provided similar efficacy to pembrolizumab in combination with chemotherapy, and the treatment-related adverse effect profiles were comparable between the two groups, including similar rates of grade 3-4 and all adverse events

Measurement of the top quark forward-backward production asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric and chromomagnetic moments in pp collisions at √s = 13 TeV

Abstract The parton-level top quark (t) forward-backward asymmetry and the anomalous chromoelectric (d̂ t) and chromomagnetic (μ̂ t) moments have been measured using LHC pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in the CMS detector in a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1. The linearized variable AFB(1) is used to approximate the asymmetry. Candidate t t ¯ events decaying to a muon or electron and jets in final states with low and high Lorentz boosts are selected and reconstructed using a fit of the kinematic distributions of the decay products to those expected for t t ¯ final states. The values found for the parameters are AFB(1)=0.048−0.087+0.095(stat)−0.029+0.020(syst),μ̂t=−0.024−0.009+0.013(stat)−0.011+0.016(syst), and a limit is placed on the magnitude of | d̂ t| < 0.03 at 95% confidence level. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV