Traits of carcass value in duroc pig breed depending on sex

In pure pig breeds used for creation of final carcass hybrids in the Czech Republic a content of intramuscular fat (responsible for marbling) decreased during the process of selection on high meatiness. Duroc breed is mentioned as less affected by this process. The study evaluated 28 animals of Duroc breed, 14 hogs and 14 gilts and chosen traits were compared between sexes. Animals were slaughtered in average weight 102.1 kg with an average lean meat percentage 57.73 (hogs reached 57.61, gilts 57.84%). An average pH1 was measured on a level of 6.11 (hogs 6.07, gilts 6.14 with a statistically conclusive difference among sexes, p LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.05). PH24 reached values of 5.80 (hogs 5.74, gilts 5.86 with a statistically conclusive difference among sexes, p LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.01). Determined level of intramuscular fat was 1.67% (hogs reached 1.92% of intramuscular fat, gilts 1.42%). Values of pH1 and pH24 were on a really good level and showed good meat quality without tendency to some meat defect. Level of lean meat percentage corresponds with other authors. Level of an intramuscular fat content was lower than values mentioned by other authors, but close to an optimal level, so it is possible to confirm good quality of actual population of Duroc pig breed in the Czech Republic and recommend this breed for production of final carcass pig hybrids.O

Seasonal Dynamics and Winter Occurrence of Non-native Species - Mandarin Duck (Aix galericulata) in the Czech Republic

The study aims to evaluate changes in occurrence of the Mandarin Duck, Aix galericulata (Linnaeus, 1758) in the Czech Republic in 2008-2019 with focus on winter months (December, January and February) 2007/08-2018/19. Seasonal dynamics of occurrence was evaluated for years 2008-2019 by comparison of 3831 observations. The highest number of observations comes from winter period (36.7%), if we exclude data from South Moravian Region (with whole year occurrence), it is 48%. In winters 2007/08-2018/19 occurrence of 772 birds was detected, most of them with determined gender-469 males (63.4%) and 271 females (36.6%). In winter periods 2007/08-2010/11 the occurrence was concentrated in the Central Bohemian Region (Vltava river). Since the winter 2011/12 the centre of occurrence was in the South Moravian Region which is related with a formation of stable breeding population in that region. Pattern of the highest number of observations in a winter period lasts but the highest numbers of observed birds are possibly of the Czech origin.O

Nefarmaceutické ochranné prostředky dýchadel

Pandemie respiračního onemocnění COVID-19 způsobila celosvětový nedostatek ochranných prostředků dýchacích cest. Tento fakt vedl k myšlence znovupoužití jednorázových ochranných prostředků dýchacích cest. Tři metody dekontaminace (dvě formy dekontaminace alkoholem, dekontaminace mikrovlnami generovanou párou) byly aplikovány na nanovlákennou filtrační vrstvu. Proběhlo testovaní vlivu dekontaminačních metod na filtrační vlastnosti nanovlákenného materiálu. Ve snaze popsat dekontaminací způsobené změny v nanovlákenném systému bylo využit doposud nepopsaný popis nanovlákenného systému pomocí stereologické charakteristiky druhého řádu, K-funkce.The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a worldwide shortage of respiratory protective devices.This fact has led to the idea of reusing disposable respiratory protective equipment. Three decontamination methods (two forms of alcohol decontamination, microwave generated steam decontamination) were applied to the nanofibrous filter layer. The influence of decontamination methods on the filtration properties of the nanofibrous material was tested. In order to address changes in the nanofiber system caused by decontamination, a to this day undescribed application of the stereological second-order characteristic K-function on nanofiber system was used.

Analysis of Reproductive Characters in Hybrid Pig Combination (CLW x CL) x (D x Pn)

The aim of the experiment was to analyse reproductive characters in hybrid pig combination (CLW x CL) x (D x Pn). These reproductive traits of sows were studied: number of all, live born and weaned piglets, loses from live born piglets till weaning. These influences with an impact on reproductive characters were monitored: order of litter, number of piglets in a litter, birth weight of piglets, influences of sex and litter order on birth weight of piglets. An average number of all born piglets per sow and litter it was 13.25 piglets. From this an average number of live born piglets it was 12.48 piglets per sow and litter and from each litter there was 11.40 of weaned piglets. The highest number of live born piglets was reached in sows on the fourth litter - 14.50 piglets. On eighth and nineth litter fertility decreased to 11.60 and 11.00 piglets. Statistical conclusive difference (P LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.05) was found between fourth (14.50) and nineth (11.00) litter. Among birth weight in both sexes a statistical conclusive difference (P LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.05) was found. Higher birth weight (1.46 kg) was found in boars in comparison with gilts (1.40 kg). The highest birth weights in gilts were reached in litters of sows on the second and nineth litters - 1.49 kg and 1.48 kg. Birth weight decreased on tenth litter with average weight of 1.28 kg. The highest birth weight in boars was detected on the seventh litter but on the seventh litter piglets of only one sow were weightened so the result 1.67 kg is not objective. The second highest average birth weight was reached on the third litters - 1.53 kg. On the contrary the lowest average birth weight was on the fourth and tenth litters where boars reached weight of 1.28 and 1.25 kg. Statistical conclusive difference (P LESS-THAN OR EQUAL TO 0.05) was found between the second (1.53 kg) and tenth (1.25 kg) litter.O

Long-term treatment with the PARP inhibitor niraparib does not increase the mutation load in cell line models and tumour xenografts

Background: Poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor-based cancer therapy selectively targets cells with deficient homologous recombination repair. Considering their long-term use in maintenance treatment, any potential mutagenic effect of PARP inhibitor treatment could accelerate the development of resistance or harm non-malignant somatic cells. Methods: We tested the mutagenicity of long-term treatment with the PARP inhibitor niraparib using whole-genome sequencing of cultured cell clones and whole-exome sequencing of patient-derived breast cancer xenografts. Results: We observed no significant increase in the number and alteration in the spectrum of base substitutions, short insertions and deletions and genomic rearrangements upon niraparib treatment of human DLD-1 colon adenocarcinoma cells, wild-type and BRCA1 mutant chicken DT40 lymphoblastoma cells and BRCA1-defective SUM149PT breast carcinoma cells, except for a minor increase in specific deletion classes. We also did not detect any contribution of in vivo niraparib treatment to subclonal mutations arising in breast cancer-derived xenografts. Conclusions: The results suggest that long-term inhibition of DNA repair with PARP inhibitors has no or only limited mutagenic effect. Mutagenesis due to prolonged use of PARP inhibitors in cancer treatment is therefore not expected to contribute to the genetic evolution of resistance, generate significant immunogenic neoepitopes or induce secondary malignancies. © 2018, The Author(s)

Proliferation of Aneuploid Human Cells is Limited by a p53-Dependent Mechanism

Most solid tumors are aneuploid, and it has been proposed that aneuploidy is the consequence of an elevated rate of chromosome missegregation in a process called chromosomal instability (CIN). However, the relationship of aneuploidy and CIN is unclear because the proliferation of cultured diploid cells is compromised by chromosome missegregation. The mechanism for this intolerance of nondiploid genomes is unknown. In this study, we show that in otherwise diploid human cells, chromosome missegregation causes a cell cycle delay with nuclear accumulation of the tumor suppressor p53 and the cyclin kinase inhibitor p21. Deletion of the p53 gene permits the accumulation of nondiploid cells such that CIN generates cells with aneuploid genomes that resemble many human tumors. Thus, the p53 pathway plays an important role in limiting the propagation of aneuploid human cells in culture to preserve the diploid karyotype of the population. These data fit with the concordance of aneuploidy and disruption of the p53 pathway in many tumors, but the presence of aneuploid cells in some normal human and mouse tissues indicates that there are known exceptions to the involvement of p53 in aneuploid cells and that tissue context may be important in how cells respond to aneuploidy

Cep120 is asymmetrically localized to the daughter centriole and is essential for centriole assembly

Cep120, a protein involved in maintenance of neural progenitor cells, is required for centriole duplication in cycling cells and for centriole amplification in tracheal epithelial cells

γ-Tubulin regulates the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome during interphase

Activation of the APC/C requires microtubule-nucleating independent aspects of γ-tubulin function