Adsorption de COV issus d'eaux souterraines et régénération des charbons actifs par voie solaire

This manuscript focuses on a comprehensive and durable treatment of polluted groundwater. The target contaminant, tetrachlorethylene, is a volatile organic compound. The first step in the treatment is the separation of contaminants. It was carried out by adsorption on activated carbons in a fixed bed column. The results obtained in the laboratory on the adsorption capacity and kinetics have shown the efficiency of this process. A mathematic model represented properly the various operating conditions corresponding to those used in the industry. This model has been validated by a pre-industrial pilot installed onsite and operating in real conditions. Management of spent activated carbons was studied. The thermal regeneration was chosen because it has the interest to restore the adsorption capacity of adsorbents and to collect the pollutants in a liquid phase. Although preferable to the production of activated carbons, it could still be economically more competitive and more sustainable by performing the heat treatment by solar means. It has been shown that the regeneration rate is the same for the solar and classical regenerations. It is therefore possible, in the case of tetrachlorethylene, to replace a fossil energy source by the sun.The distillate solution obtained during the regeneration can be mineralized by heterogeneous photocatalysis. This operation was carried out in the laboratory with a lamp reproducing the solar spectrum. The feasibility of solar photocatalysis on the final residue of the water treatment has been shown.Ce manuscrit s’intéresse à une filière globale et durable de dépollution des eaux souterraines. Le polluant cible, le tétrachloroéthylène, est un composé organique volatil. La première étape de cette filière est la séparation du contaminant de l’eau. Elle a été réalisée par adsorption sur charbons actifs dans une colonne en lit fixe. Les résultats obtenus en laboratoire sur les capacités et les cinétiques d’adsorption ont permis de montrer l’efficacité de ce procédé. Un modèle issu de ces expériences a représenté correctement des conditions opératoires variées correspondant à celles utilisées dans l’industrie. Ce modèle a été validé par un pilote préindustriel installé sur site et fonctionnant en conditions réelles. La gestion des charbons actifs chargés en polluant a été étudiée. La régénération thermique a été privilégiée. Cette opération présente l’intérêt de rétablir les capacités d’adsorption des carbones activés et de récupérer les polluants en phase liquide. Bien que préférable à la production d’adsorbants, elle pourrait encore être plus durable et compétitive économiquement en effectuant le traitement thermique par voie solaire. Il a été montré que le taux de régénération est le même pour les régénérations solaire et classique. Il est donc possible, dans le cas du tétrachloroéthylène, de remplacer une source d’énergie fossile par le soleil. La solution de distillat obtenue lors de la régénération peut être minéralisée par photocatalyse hétérogène. Cette opération a été réalisée en laboratoire avec une lampe reproduisant le spectre solaire. La faisabilité de la photocatalyse solaire sur le résidu issu de cette filière de dépollution a ainsi été montrée

La Bibliothèque et la vie culturelle à Toulouse de sa création à nos jours

Comment, depuis sa constitution à la fin du XVIIIe siècle, dans la dynamique des Lumières, jusqu’à nos jours, la Bibliothèque de Toulouse s’est efforcée d’être partie prenante de la vie intellectuelle dans la cité en initiant, accueillant et accompagnant la créativité régionale sous toutes ses formes.Since it was established at the end of the 18th century, during the Enlightenment, the Public Library of Toulouse has endeavoured to take full part in the intellectual life of the city, initiating, welcoming and accompanying regional creativity in all its forms.Desde su creación a finales del siglo XVIII en el siglo de las luces, la biblioteca pública de Toulouse se ha esforzado por formar parte de la vida intelectual de la ciudad, iniciando, fomentando y acompañando la creatividad regional en todas sus diversas manifestaciones

Further delineation of theduplication syndrome phenotype in 59 French male patients, with a particular focus on morphological and neurological features

The Xq28 duplication involving thegene (duplication) has been mainly described in male patients with severe developmental delay (DD) associated with spasticity, stereotypic movements and recurrent infections. Nevertheless, only a few series have been published. We aimed to better describe the phenotype of this condition, with a focus on morphological and neurological features. Through a national collaborative study, we report a large French series of 59 affected males with interstitialduplication. Most of the patients (93%) shared similar facial features, which evolved with age (midface hypoplasia, narrow and prominent nasal bridge, thick lower lip, large prominent ears), thick hair, livedo of the limbs, tapered fingers, small feet and vasomotor troubles. Early hypotonia and global DD were constant, with 21% of patients unable to walk. In patients able to stand, lower limbs weakness and spasticity led to a singular standing habitus: flexion of the knees, broad-based stance with pseudo-ataxic gait. Scoliosis was frequent (53%), such as divergent strabismus (76%) and hypermetropia (54%), stereotypic movements (89%), without obvious social withdrawal and decreased pain sensitivity (78%). Most of the patients did not develop expressive language, 35% saying few words. Epilepsy was frequent (59%), with a mean onset around 7.4 years of age, and often (62%) drug-resistant. Other medical issues were frequent: constipation (78%), and recurrent infections (89%), mainly lung. We delineate the clinical phenotype ofduplication syndrome in a large series of 59 males. Pulmonary hypertension appeared as a cause of early death in these patients, advocating its screening early in life.status: accepte

Further delineation of the MECP2 duplication syndrome phenotype in 59 French male patients, with a particular focus on morphological and neurological features

IF 5.751International audienceThe Xq28 duplication involving the MECP2 gene (MECP2 duplication) has been mainly described in male patients with severe developmental delay (DD) associated with spasticity, stereotypic movements and recurrent infections. Nevertheless, only a few series have been published. We aimed to better describe the phenotype of this condition, with a focus on morphological and neurological features. Through a national collaborative study, we report a large French series of 59 affected males with interstitial MECP2 duplication. Most of the patients (93%) shared similar facial features, which evolved with age (midface hypoplasia, narrow and prominent nasal bridge, thick lower lip, large prominent ears), thick hair, livedo of the limbs, tapered fingers, small feet and vasomotor troubles. Early hypotonia and global DD were constant, with 21% of patients unable to walk. In patients able to stand, lower limbs weakness and spasticity led to a singular standing habitus: flexion of the knees, broad-based stance with pseudo-ataxic gait. Scoliosis was frequent (53%), such as divergent strabismus (76%) and hypermetropia (54%), stereotypic movements (89%), without obvious social withdrawal and decreased pain sensitivity (78%). Most of the patients did not develop expressive language, 35% saying few words. Epilepsy was frequent (59%), with a mean onset around 7.4 years of age, and often (62%) drug-resistant. Other medical issues were frequent: constipation (78%), and recurrent infections (89%), mainly lung. We delineate the clinical phenotype of MECP2 duplication syndrome in a large series of 59 males. Pulmonary hypertension appeared as a cause of early death in these patients, advocating its screening early in life

Toulouse, une métropole méridionale

De la fondation de la cité romaine au XXIe siècle, de Tolosa à Toulouse, la ville de la Garonne a préservé son rôle de métropole régionale. Le Congrès de la Fédération historique de Midi-Pyrénées, tenu en 2008 à l’université de Toulouse-Le Mirail, a réuni plus de 80 intervenants, dont les communications rassemblées apportent dans cet ouvrage l’essentiel des recherches les plus récentes. La première partie porte sur ce qui a fait la force de la ville : la formation de son territoire et son urbanisation, les caractères de sa société, les divers pouvoirs qui y siègent, ses activités économiques, commerciales comme industrielles. Un bilan qui remet en cause bien des idées reçues en montrant la vitalité dont ont fait preuve ses habitants au fil des siècles ! La deuxième partie offre des communications qui se sont attachées à l’activité culturelle dont Toulouse a été un foyer particulièrement actif dans sa longue histoire. Celle-ci a revêtu des formes multiples, parfois inattendues. La religion l’a marquée de son empreinte, longtemps sous l’ascendant de l’Église catholique, avant que la ville ne fasse place à d’autres croyances. Elle s’est affirmée aussi comme un pôle d’élaboration et de transmission du savoir, dans lequel l’université a pris naturellement sa place. Elle a entretenu un goût, et même une passion, pour la littérature, la musique, les arts plastiques, autant d’expressions qui ont contribué à modeler la personnalité de la « ville rose »

High Risk of Anal and Rectal Cancer in Patients With Anal and/or Perianal Crohn’s Disease

International audienceBackground & AimsLittle is known about the magnitude of the risk of anal and rectal cancer in patients with anal and/or perineal Crohn’s disease. We aimed to assess the risk of anal and rectal cancer in patients with Crohn’s perianal disease followed up in the Cancers Et Surrisque Associé aux Maladies Inflammatoires Intestinales En France (CESAME) cohort.MethodsWe collected data from 19,486 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) enrolled in the observational CESAME study in France, from May 2004 through June 2005; 14.9% of participants had past or current anal and/or perianal Crohn’s disease. Subjects were followed up for a median time of 35 months (interquartile range, 29–40 mo). To identify risk factors for anal cancer in the total CESAME population, we performed a case-control study in which participants were matched for age and sex.ResultsAmong the total IBD population, 8 patients developed anal cancer and 14 patients developed rectal cancer. In the subgroup of 2911 patients with past or current anal and/or perianal Crohn’s lesions at cohort entry, 2 developed anal squamous-cell carcinoma, 3 developed perianal fistula–related adenocarcinoma, and 6 developed rectal cancer. The corresponding incidence rates were 0.26 per 1000 patient-years for anal squamous-cell carcinoma, 0.38 per 1000 patient-years for perianal fistula–related adenocarcinoma, and 0.77 per 1000 patient-years for rectal cancer. Among the 16,575 patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease without anal or perianal lesions, the incidence rate of anal cancer was 0.08 per 1000 patient-years and of rectal cancer was 0.21 per 1000 patient-years. Among factors tested by univariate conditional regression (IBD subtype, disease duration, exposure to immune-suppressive therapy, presence of past or current anal and/or perianal lesions), the presence of past or current anal and/or perianal lesions at cohort entry was the only factor significantly associated with development of anal cancer (odds ratio, 11.2; 95% CI, 1.18-551.51; P = .03).ConclusionsIn an analysis of data from the CESAME cohort in France, patients with anal and/or perianal Crohn’s disease have a high risk of anal cancer, including perianal fistula–related cancer, and a high risk of rectal cancer