Mecànica del Sòl i Mecànica de les Roques

Glossari de termes en valencià, castellà i anglès de Mecànica del Sòl i Mecànica de les Roques

Las medidas alternativas a la pena de prisión en el ámbito del derecho comparado

Given the ongoing criticism that since decades undergo imprisonment, especially concerning the short prison sentences, there are few proposals which mainly aim to provide punitive solutions outside the prison environment. In the context of comparative law, there are several mechanisms that even have a consolidated legal support in recent years. The aim of this paper is to present a number of alternatives to imprisonment contained in the German, Austrian and Swiss criminal law, paying particular attention to the suspension of prisons sentences, community service and diversion programs

Proposal of a New Parameter for the Weathering Characterization of Carbonate Flysch-Like Rock Masses: The Potential Degradation Index (PDI)

The susceptibility of clay bearing rocks to weathering (erosion and/or differential degradation) is known to influence the stability of heterogeneous slopes. However, not all of these rocks show the same behaviour, as there are considerable differences in the speed and type of weathering observed. As such, it is very important to establish relationships between behaviour quantified in a laboratory environment with that observed in the field. The slake durability test is the laboratory test most commonly used to evaluate the relationship between slaking behaviour and rock durability. However, it has a number of disadvantages; it does not account for changes in shape and size in fragments retained in the 2 mm sieve, nor does its most commonly used index (Id2) accurately reflect weathering behaviour observed in the field. The main aim of this paper is to propose a simple methodology for characterizing the weathering behaviour of carbonate lithologies that outcrop in heterogeneous rock masses (such as Flysch slopes), for use by practitioners. To this end, the Potential Degradation Index (PDI) is proposed. This is calculated using the fragment size distribution curves taken from material retained in the drum after each cycle of the slake durability test. The number of slaking cycles has also been increased to five. Through laboratory testing of 117 samples of carbonate rocks, extracted from strata in selected slopes, 6 different rock types were established based on their slaking behaviour, and corresponding to the different weathering behaviours observed in the field.This work was funded by the University of Alicante under the project GRE14–04, the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad del Gobierno de España in the framework of the projects TIN2014-55413-C2-2-P and TEC2011-28201-C02-02

Los kalathoi de cuello estrangulado de las necrópolis ibéricas de Coimbra del Barranco Ancho (Jumilla, Murcia)

This article is a study of a shape of pottery called kalathos with a «strangulation-neck» form which comes from iberian necropolis of Coimbra del Barranco Ancho, where there are three different forms depending on their morphology. This shape began in the fourth century b.C., but has a special period of increase during the third century and the first years of the second century before Christ.En este artículo se estudian los kalathoi de «cuello estrangulado» de las necrópolis ibéricas de Coimbra del Barranco Ancho, donde se han podido diferenciar tres variantes en función de su morfología. Aparecen cronológicamente en el siglo IV antes de Jesucristo, pero tienen un especial auge durante el siglo III y primeros años del siglo II a. de C

Internet y terrorismo islamista. Aspectos criminológicos y legales

[ES] En una era marcada por la globalización de las comunicaciones y el uso de Internet por miles de millones de usuarios, la utilización de este medio de comunicación puede producirse con objetivos radicalmente dispares. Así, no parece descabellado relacionar el terrorismo islamista con la red global. En este trabajo se afronta el estudio de la radicalización yihadista de los jóvenes musulmanes asentados en territorio europeo y el papel que juega Internet en dicho proceso, abordando dicho análisis desde una perspectiva criminológica y jurídica.[EU] Hedabideen globalizazioaren eta milaka miloika Internet erabiltzaileen aroan, hedabide honen erabilera helburu desberdinetarako baliatu daiteke. Terrorismo islamista sare globalarekin erlazionatzea ez da zentzugabea. Idazki honetan, europako lurraldean bizi diren gazte musulmanen radikalizazio yihadistaren hausnarketa burutzen da, eta prozesu honetan internetek daukan papera, analisia ikuspegi kriminologiko eta juridiko batetik egiten delarik.[FR] À l’ère de la globalisation des communications et de l’utilisation d’Internet par des milliers d’usagers, l’utilisation de ce moyen de communication peut se produire avec des objectifs radicalement différents. Ainsi, il ne paraît pas insensé de mettre en rapport le terrorisme islamiste avec le réseau global. Dans ce travail on étude la radicalisation jihadiste des jeunes musulmans installés en territoire européen et le rôle qui joue l’Internet dans ce processus, en abordant cette analyse dans une perspective criminologique et juridique.[EN] In a period marked for the globalization of communications and the use of internet for billions of users, the utilization of this media can produce radically different goals. To link the Islamic terrorism with the global net is not crazy. We study in this work the Yihadist radicalization of the Muslim youth who live in the European land and the role of internet in this process from the juridical and criminological perspective

The new challenges of the manufacturing industry applying the norm ISO 45001:2018

The present work reflects the impact that the manufacturing industries must solve in the application of the ISO 45001: 2018 Standard on Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems. In such, a globalized market where human and material assets must be preserved for the survival of organizations, management systems based on continuous improvement play an important role in ensuring compliance with applicable legal requirements, risk management and the opportunities, as well as the achievement of the best working conditions. The manufacturing industry has not been alien to this evolution; the nature of the risks present in the different industries, the operations carried out, the machinery, the use of work teams and their processes make this sector a priority and strategic sector that should be at the forefront of new technologies and rules. The implementation of the ISO 45001: 2018 standard in the manufacturing industry is a challenge for the implementation of high-level management systems that guarantee a healthy and safe environment for workers and a strategic and operational decision from the business point of view based on improving the performance of health and safety at work and increasing competitiveness in an increasingly demanding market.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

An approach for characterising the weathering behaviour of Flysch slopes applied to the carbonatic Flysch of Alicante (Spain)

Various studies indicate that most of the slope instabilities affecting Flysch heterogeneous rock masses are related to differential weathering of the lithologies that make up the slope. Therefore, the weathering characteristics of the intact rock are of great importance for the study of these types of slopes and their associated instability processes. The main aim of this study is to characterise the weathering properties of the different lithologies outcropping in the carbonatic Flysch of Alicante (Spain), in order to understand the effects of environmental weathering on them, following slope excavation. To this end, 151 strata samples obtained from 11 different slopes, 5–40 years old, were studied. The lithologies were identified and their mechanical characteristics obtained using field and laboratory tests. Additionally, the slaking properties of intact rocks were determined, and a classification system proposed based on the first and fifth slake cycles (Id1 and Id5 respectively) and an Index of Weathering (IW5), defined in the study. Information obtained from the laboratory and the field was used to characterise the weathering behaviour of the rocks. Furthermore, the slaking properties determined from laboratory tests were related to the in-situ weathering properties of rocks (i.e., the weathering profile, patterns and length, and weathering rate). The proposed relationship between laboratory test results, field data, and in-situ observations provides a useful tool for predicting the response of slopes to weathering after excavation during the preliminary stages of design.This work was partially funded by the University of Alicante under the projects vigrob-157 uausti10–18, uausti11–11 and gre09–40 and by the Generalitat Valenciana within project gv/2011/044

Use of tire derived aggregate in tunnel cut-and-cover

A case-history is reported in which tire derived aggregate (TDA) was successfully applied to reduce the weight of fill upon a cut-and-cover railway tunnel. Subsequent 3D numerical analyses are used to explore the effect of different assumptions about the constitutive model of the TDA material. Alternative dispositions of TDA around the tunnel section are also examined. Reductions of up to 60% in lining bending moment may be achieved. For the case analyzed the elastic description of the TDA has little influence on tunnel lining loads, although is important for fill settlement estimates.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft