Water Ice and Dust in the Innermost Coma of Comet 103P/Hartley 2

On November 4th, 2010, the Deep Impact eXtended Investigation (DIXI) successfully encountered comet 103P/Hartley 2, when it was at a heliocentric distance of 1.06 AU. Spatially resolved near-IR spectra of comet Hartley 2 were acquired in the 1.05-4.83 micron wavelength range using the HRI-IR spectrometer. We present spectral maps of the inner ~10 kilometers of the coma collected 7 minutes and 23 minutes after closest approach. The extracted reflectance spectra include well-defined absorption bands near 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 micron consistent in position, bandwidth, and shape with the presence of water ice grains. Using Hapke's radiative transfer model, we characterize the type of mixing (areal vs. intimate), relative abundance, grain size, and spatial distribution of water ice and refractories. Our modeling suggests that the dust, which dominates the innermost coma of Hartley 2 and is at a temperature of 300K, is thermally and physically decoupled from the fine-grained water ice particles, which are on the order of 1 micron in size. The strong correlation between the water ice, dust, and CO2 spatial distribution supports the concept that CO2 gas drags the water ice and dust grains from the nucleus. Once in the coma, the water ice begins subliming while the dust is in a constant outflow. The derived water ice scale-length is compatible with the lifetimes expected for 1-micron pure water ice grains at 1 AU, if velocities are near 0.5 m/s. Such velocities, about three order of magnitudes lower than the expansion velocities expected for isolated 1-micron water ice particles [Hanner, 1981; Whipple, 1951], suggest that the observed water ice grains are likely aggregates.Comment: 51 pages, 12 figures, accepted for publication in Icaru

Semantic Modelling of Citation Contexts for Context-Aware Citation Recommendation

Contents The four CSV files are the data used for the evaluation in: Saier T., Färber M. (2020) Semantic Modelling of Citation Contexts for Context-Aware Citation Recommendation. In: Advances in Information Retrieval. ECIR 2020. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol 12035. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-45439-5_15 Code: github.com/IllDepence/ecir2020 The evaluation was conducted in a citation re-prediction setting. CSV Format 7 columns divided by \u241E cited document ID for *_nomarker.csv: citation marker position ambiguous for *_withmarker.csv: citation marker position at 'MAINCIT' in citation context adjacent cited document IDs only given in citrec_unarxive_*.csv divided by \u241F order matches 'CIT' markers in citation context citing document ID citation context MAG field of study IDs divided by \u241F predicate:argument tuples generated based on PredPatt JSON noun phrases for *_nomarker.csv: divided by \u241F for *_withmarker.csv: divided by \u241D into noun phrases noun phrase directly preceding citation marker Data Sources citrec_unarxive_cs_withmarker.csv data set unarXive Paper DOI: 10.1007/s11192-020-03382-z Data DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.2553522 filter citing doc from computer science cited doc is cited at least 5 times citrec_mag_cs_en.csv data set Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) Paper DOI: 10.1145/2740908.2742839 filter citing doc from computer science and in English citing doc abstract in MAG given cited doc is cited at least 50 times citrec_refseer.csv data set RefSeer Paper URL: ojs.aaai.org/index.php/AAAI/article/view/9528 Data URL: psu.app.box.com/v/refseer filter for citing and cited docs title, venue, venuetype, abstract, and year not NULL citrec_acl-arc_withmarker.csv data set ACL ARC Paper URL: aclanthology.org/L08-1005 Data URL: acl-arc.comp.nus.edu.sg/ filter cited doc has a DBLP ID Paper Citation @inproceedings{Saier2020ECIR, author = {Tarek Saier and Michael F{\"{a}}rber}, title = {{Semantic Modelling of Citation Contexts for Context-aware Citation Recommendation}}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 42nd European Conference on Information Retrieval}, pages = {220--233}, year = {2020}, month = apr, doi = {10.1007/978-3-030-45439-5_15},

Bulletin of Information 1915-1916

Annual bulletin lists purpose of the school, faculty, students, degrees conferred, curriculum (course of studies), course schedule (lecture hours), system of instruction, tuition costs and fees, scholarships, requirements for admission & degree, bar admission, registration statistics, Seventh Annual Commencementhttps://ir.lawnet.fordham.edu/bulletins/1009/thumbnail.jp

Civil Society Iraq: Ethnic, Religious, and Location Influences on Outgroup Perception

Civil Society Iraq: Ethnic, Religious, and Location Influences on Outgroup Perception Jon Gresham* April 2004 A significant research question in the immediate post-war (May 2003) environment of Iraq was: "How do Iraqis’ ethnicity, religious affiliation, and location affect expressed perceptions of threat from outgroups?" We collected 479 surveys of Iraqi opinions, in five locations in Iraq, Jordan, and The Netherlands, with a single page instrument. Religion, ethnic origin, and location alone had little direct bearing on respondents’ attitudes towards outgroups or change (another type of threat) in Iraq. However, certain sets of interacting elements did reflect significant differences in perceptions of threat. For example, Shi’a Muslims of urban Basra had very different expressions towards return of expatriate Iraqis than did Baghdad residents. A serendipitous innovation was that of publishing our research process onto a "wiki" web page where visitors could add to or change contents of the documents. The wiki live publishing helped fellow scientists, decision-makers, resource agencies, and Iraq fieldworkers participate in our project. Why Civil Society? The term describes both behavior and social systems and provides a sociological framework from which to explore social interactions in Iraq. Follow-up is warranted. We found, for example, that "moderate Arabs" in Iraq were the most opposed to foreign involvement and were the most opposed to expatriate Iraqis returning to Iraq. This finding is relevant to decision-makers and field workers in relief, development, and reconstruction in Iraq. This paper describes our research process in a post-regime-change environment. I would welcome comments onto the web site: http://CivilSocietyIraq.seedwiki.com. _____________ * Jon Gresham is a visiting scholar at the University of Utrecht, Netherlands. His work focuses on the Cyprus-Syria-Iraq-Iran area. Special thanks are given to Hub Linssen, Assistant Professor at the University of Utrecht, with interest in cross-national comparative survey methodology

Mechanism of Hydrogen-Bonded Complex Formation between Ibuprofen and Nanocrystalline Hydroxyapatite.

Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite (nanoHA) is the main hard component of bone and has the potential to be used to promote osseointegration of implants and to treat bone defects. Here, using active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) such as ibuprofen, we report on the prospects of combining nanoHA with biologically active compounds to improve the clinical performance of these treatments. In this study, we designed and investigated the possibility of API attachment to the surface of nanoHA crystals via the formation of a hydrogen-bonded complex. The mechanistic studies of an ibuprofen/nanoHA complex formation have been performed using a holistic approach encompassing spectroscopic (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman) and X-ray diffraction techniques, as well as quantum chemistry calculations, while comparing the behavior of the ibuprofen/nanoHA complex with that of a physical mixture of the two components. Whereas ibuprofen exists in dimeric form both in solid and liquid state, our study showed that the formation of the ibuprofen/nanoHA complex most likely occurs via the dissociation of the ibuprofen dimer into monomeric species promoted by ethanol, with subsequent attachment of a monomer to the HA surface. An adsorption mode for this process is proposed; this includes hydrogen bonding of the hydroxyl group of ibuprofen to the hydroxyl group of the apatite, together with the interaction of the ibuprofen carbonyl group to an HA Ca center. Overall, this mechanistic study provides new insights into the molecular interactions between APIs and the surfaces of bioactive inorganic solids and sheds light on the relationship between the noncovalent bonding and drug release properties

Civil Society Iraq: Location Influences on Outgroup Perception (June 2004)

A significant research question in the immediate post-war (May 2003) environment of Iraq was: "How do Iraqis’ location affect expressed perceptions of threat from outgroups?" We collected 479 surveys of Iraqi opinions, in five locations (in Iraq, Jordan, and The Netherlands), with a single page instrument. Religion, ethnic origin, like location alone, had little strong bearing on respondents’ expressed attitudes towards outgroups or the government in Iraq. However, certain sets of interacting elements did reflect significant differences in perceptions of threat. For example, Shi’a Muslims of urban Basra had very different expressions towards return of expatriate Iraqis than did Shi’a Muslims of rural Basra. A serendipitous innovation was that of publishing our research process onto a "wiki" web page where visitors could add to or change contents of the documents. The wiki live publishing helped fellow scientists, decision-makers, resource agencies, and Iraq fieldworkers participate in our project. Why Civil Society? The term describes both behavior and social systems and provides an overarching framework from which to explore social interactions in Iraq. Follow-up is warranted. We found, for example, that "moderate Arabs" in Iraq were the most opposed to foreign involvement and were the most opposed to expatriate Iraqis returning to Iraq. This finding is relevant to decision-makers and field workers in relief, development, and reconstruction in Iraq. This paper describes our research process in a post-regime-change environment. I would welcome comments onto the web site: http://CivilSocietyIraq.seedwiki.com

Development of higher-order modal methods for transient thermal and structural analysis

A force-derivative method which produces higher-order modal solutions to transient problems is evaluated. These higher-order solutions converge to an accurate response using fewer degrees-of-freedom (eigenmodes) than lower-order methods such as the mode-displacement or mode-acceleration methods. Results are presented for non-proportionally damped structural problems as well as thermal problems modeled by finite elements

A review of microgrid development in the United States – A decade of progress on policies, demonstrations, controls, and software tools

Microgrids have become increasingly popular in the United States. Supported by favorable federal and local policies, microgrid projects can provide greater energy stability and resilience within a project site or community. This paper reviews major federal, state, and utility-level policies driving microgrid development in the United States. Representative U.S. demonstration projects are selected and their technical characteristics and non-technical features are introduced. The paper discusses trends in the technology development of microgrid systems as well as microgrid control methods and interactions within the electricity market. Software tools for microgrid design, planning, and performance analysis are illustrated with each tool's core capability. Finally, the paper summarizes the successes and lessons learned during the recent expansion of the U.S. microgrid industry that may serve as a reference for other countries developing their own microgrid industries

Demographic, Residential, and Socioeconomic Effects on the Distribution of 19th Century US White Statures

Using a source of 19th century US state prison records, this study addresses European-American stature variation. The most commonly cited sources for stature variation are diets, disease, and work effort. However, vitamin D is also vital in human statures and health. This paper demonstrates that 19th century white statures were positively associated with direct sunlight, which is the primary source of vitamin D in mammals. Stature and insolation are associated with occupations, and workers who spent more time outdoors produced more vitamin D and grew taller. White statures also decreased throughout the 19th century, and this stature diminution is observed across the stature distribution.19th US white statures, vitamin D, solar radiation, quantile regression