Team-baseret Læring i Anvendt Klinisk Farmakologi : - Erfaringer fra et nyt undervisningsforløb

I takt med et øget optag af studerende på de danske universiteter er der i stigende grad behov for at udvide paletten af undervisningsmetoder for at sikre, at undervisningen er studenter-aktiverende og med relevant feedback. For at imødegå udfordringen valgte underviserne på et ny kursus i Anvendt Klinisk Farmakologi for medicinstuderende at udbyde Team-Based Learning (TBL). Undervisningsmetoden var ved kursets start ukendt for alle undervisere. Herudover havde de fleste sparsom erfaring med at undervise faciliterende og i fællesskab (lærerteams). Derfor valgte vi at undersøge det nye tiltag ved at sammenholde TBL-undervisningen med den vanlige case-baserede undervisning. Artiklen henvender sig til undervisere, der overvejer at introducere en aktiverende undervisningsmetode, der kræver deltagelse af et lærerteam og alle med interesse for den modstand, der potentielt kan opstå ved aktiverende undervisning både blandt undervisere og studerende

Genomic Relationships, Novel Loci, and Pleiotropic Mechanisms across Eight Psychiatric Disorders

Genetic influences on psychiatric disorders transcend diagnostic boundaries, suggesting substantial pleiotropy of contributing loci. However, the nature and mechanisms of these pleiotropic effects remain unclear. We performed analyses of 232,964 cases and 494,162 controls from genome-wide studies of anorexia nervosa, attention-deficit/hyper-activity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, bipolar disorder, major depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder, schizophrenia, and Tourette syndrome. Genetic correlation analyses revealed a meaningful structure within the eight disorders, identifying three groups of inter-related disorders. Meta-analysis across these eight disorders detected 109 loci associated with at least two psychiatric disorders, including 23 loci with pleiotropic effects on four or more disorders and 11 loci with antagonistic effects on multiple disorders. The pleiotropic loci are located within genes that show heightened expression in the brain throughout the lifespan, beginning prenatally in the second trimester, and play prominent roles in neurodevelopmental processes. These findings have important implications for psychiatric nosology, drug development, and risk prediction.Peer reviewe