The transfer of names in various translations of brothers Grimm’s Rumpelstilzchen

Wielu badaczy wskazuje transfer nazw własnych jako jedną z trudności przekładu. Niniejsza praca dotyczy translacji imion w dwudziestu jeden przekładach baśni Rumpelstilzchen spod pióra braci Grimm. Analizie zostały poddane angielskie, brazylijskie, polskie, tureckie oraz japońskie wydania baśni napisanej pierwotnie w języku niemieckim. Praca skupia się na analizie prawdziwego imienia tytułowego skrzata oraz imion wymienianych przez baśniową królową. Artykuł zawiera pięć analiz opisujących onomastyczne aspekty przekładu oraz zastosowane techniki tłumaczeniowe. Wyniki wskazują na to, że podejście tłumaczy do przekładu imion było różnorodne na przestrzeni lat oraz wydań. Najczęściej wykorzystywanymi technikami były zamiana oraz transkrypcja, a ich bogactwo jest szczególnie widoczne w podejściu do przekładu powszechnych imion, np. Cunz i Heinz.Various scholars point out the transfer of proper nouns as a difficulty. This paper examines the transfer of names in twenty‑one translations of the Grimm Brothers’ fairy tale originally titled Rumpelstilzchen. The article analyses English,Brazilian Portuguese, Polish, Turkish, and Japanese editions of this originally German story. The analysis focuses on the true name of a title dwarf and other names provided by the Queen. The article includes five analyses describing the onomastic aspects of the translation and the applied translation strategies. The analysis suggests that the translators’ approach toward the matter of transfer of names varied throughout the years and editions. The dominant strategies were replacement and transcription, and vary the most in case of common names (Cunz and Heinz)

Transpozycja nazw własnych w przekładach baśni braci Grimm Rumpelstilzchen

Various scholars point out the transfer of proper nouns as a difficulty. This paper examines the transfer of names in twenty‑one translations of the Grimm Brothers’ fairy tale originally titled Rumpelstilzchen. The article analyses English,Brazilian Portuguese, Polish, Turkish, and Japanese editions of this originally German story. The analysis focuses on the true name of a title dwarf and other names provided by the Queen. The article includes five analyses describing the onomastic aspects of the translation and the applied translation strategies. The analysis suggests that the translators’ approach toward the matter of transfer of names varied throughout the years and editions. The dominant strategies were replacement and transcription, and vary the most in case of common names (Cunz and Heinz).Wielu badaczy wskazuje transfer nazw własnych jako jedną z trudności przekładu. Niniejsza praca dotyczy translacji imion w dwudziestu jeden przekładach baśni Rumpelstilzchen spod pióra braci Grimm. Analizie zostały poddane angielskie, brazylijskie, polskie, tureckie oraz japońskie wydania baśni napisanej pierwotnie w języku niemieckim. Praca skupia się na analizie prawdziwego imienia tytułowego skrzata oraz imion wymienianych przez baśniową królową. Artykuł zawiera pięć analiz opisujących onomastyczne aspekty przekładu oraz zastosowane techniki tłumaczeniowe. Wyniki wskazują na to, że podejście tłumaczy do przekładu imion było różnorodne na przestrzeni lat oraz wydań. Najczęściej wykorzystywanymi technikami były zamiana oraz transkrypcja, a ich bogactwo jest szczególnie widoczne w podejściu do przekładu powszechnych imion, np. 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Grimm, 1909, The Fairy Tales of the Brothers Grimm, New York, translated by Lucas E.J. and W. Grimm, 2010, Baśnie Braci Grimm, Poznań, translated by Pieciul‑Karmińska E.J. and W. Grimm, 1997, Contos de Grimm, São Paulo, translated by Stahel M.J. and W. Grimm, 1985, がたがたの竹馬小僧, In: 完訳グリム童話集. Tokyo., translated by Takahashi K.J. and W. Grimm, 1930, Bajki, Łódź‑Katowice, translated by Tarnowski M., https://polona.pl/item/bajki,ODk3ODEyM DU/8/#info:metadata (accessed: 4.09.2022).J. and W. Grimm, 2016, Titelitury, Warsaw, translated by Tarnowski M., https://polona.pl/item/titelitury,NzA2NTY3M zE/1/#info:metadata (accessed: 9.04.2022).J. and W. Grimm, 1823, German Popular Stories, London., translated by Taylor E.J. and W. Grimm, 1876, Grimm’s Goblins – Grimm’s Household Tales, London, translated by Taylor E.J. and W. Grimm, 1949, ルムペンシュツンツヘン, In: 祖稿グリム童話全集, Tokyo: pp. 44–46, translated by Umekichi T.J. and W. Grimm, 2008, Grimm Masalları. Istanbul, translated by Yeğinobalı N.Barr J., 1969, The symbolism of names in the Old Testament. “Bulletin of the John Rylands Library” LII(I), pp. 11–29.Batsalay O., 2018, Ways of translating the names of fairy -tale characters, “Topical Issues of Humanities, Technical and Natural Sciences” III, pp. 128–131.Birney A., 1974, Rumpelstilzchen. “New York Folklore” XXX(IV), pp. 279–285.Breza E., 2011, Niektóre rzadsze imiona męskie (III). “Rozprawy Komisji Językowej” LVI, pp. 5–45.Breza E., 2014, Niektóre rzadsze imiona męskie (IV). “Rozprawy Komisji Językowej” LX, pp. 15–49.Coillie J. van, 2006, Character Names in Translation: A Functional Approach, In: Chil dren’s literature in translation: Challenges and strategies, J. Van Coillie, W. P. Verschueren (Eds.), Manchester, pp. 123–130.Coillie J. van, 2014, “Oh, how hard it is to play the translator’s game”: Translating Orality in the Grimms’ “Rumpelstiltskin”, “Marvels & Tales: Journal of Fairy‑Tale Studies” XXVIII, pp. 346–366.Czajkowska A., Romocka‑Tyfel B., 2021, Zmiana imienia i nazwiska. Geneza. Komentarz. Orzecznictwo. Wzory decyzji, Warszawa.Gaballo V., 2012, Exploring the boundaries of transcreation in specialized translation, “ESP Across Cultures” IX, pp. 95–113.Kaya K., 1943, Masallar 1, Ankara.Koryga M., 2014, Polskie edycje zbiorów baśni Braci Grimm, “Debiuty Bibliologiczno‑Informatologiczne” II, pp. 5–19.Leppihalme R., 1997, Culture bumps: An empirical approach to the translation of allusions. 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Steinberg, L.Jakobovits (Eds.), Cambridge, pp. 115–113.Vermes A.P., 2003, Proper names in translation: an explanatory attempt. “Across languages and cultures” IV, pp. 89–108.Zipes J., 1993, Spinning with fate: Rumpelstiltskin and the decline of female productivity. “Western Folklore” LII, pp. 43–60.J. and W. Grimm, 2008, Contos de fadas / Irmãos Grimm, São Paulo, translated by Paciornik C.M.228310

Viabilidade da inoculação líquida com Rhizobium etli no sulco de semeadura do feijoeiro-comum

The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of liquid medium inoculation of Rhizobium etli in the planting furrow and to certify the efficiency of its strain UFLA 02-100 as a potential inoculant for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The treatments consisted of three application rates of liquid inoculant applied in the planting furrows and one rate applied in common bean seed, besides two controls without inoculation. The inoculant contained 109 cells of Rhizobium etli mL-1. Regardless of the application method, the yield obtained with the inoculation was equivalent to that of N from urea; however, the application in the furrows, at 0.6 L ha‑1, is more advantageous due to the operational practicality and reduced costs. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade da inoculação líquida de Rhizobium etli no sulco de semeadura e certificar a eficiência da estirpe UFLA 02-100 como inoculante potencial para o feijoeiro-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris). Os tratamentos consistiram de três doses do inoculante líquido aplicadas aos sulcos e uma dose aplicada às sementes de feijão-comum, além de dois controles sem inoculação. O inoculante continha 109 células de Rhizobium etli mL-1. Independentemente do método de aplicação, a produtividade obtida com a inoculação foi equivalente à da aplicação de N da ureia, mas a aplicação ao sulco, com 0,6 L ha-1, é mais vantajosa pela praticidade operacional e redução de custos.

Cowpea symbiotic efficiency, pH and aluminum tolerance in nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) cultivation in northern and northeastern Brazil provides an excellent source of nutrients and carbohydrates for the poor and underprivileged. Production surplus leads to its consumption in other regions of Brazil and also as an export commodity. Its capacity to establish relationships with atmospheric nitrogen-fixing bacteria is crucial to the reduction of production costs and the environmental impact of nitrogen fertilizers. This study assessed the symbiotic efficiency of new strains of symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria with cowpea and their tolerance to pH and aluminum. Twenty-seven strains of bacteria from different soils were evaluated under axenic conditions. These strains were compared to the following inoculant strains: INPA03-11B, UFLA03-84 and BR3267 and two controls that were not inoculated (with and without mineral nitrogen). Six strains and the three strains approved as inoculants were selected to increase the dry weight production of the aerial part (DWAP) and were tested in pots with soil that had a high-density of nitrogen-fixing native rhizobia. In this experiment, three strains (UFLA03-164, UFLA03-153, and UFLA03-154) yielded higher DWAP values. These strains grow at pH levels of 5.0, 6.0, 6.8 and at high aluminum concentration levels, reaching 10(9) CFU mL-1. In particular UFLA03-84, UFLA03-153, and UFLA03-164 tolerate up to 20 mmol c dm-3 of Al+3. Inoculation with rhizobial strains, that had been carefully selected according to their ability to nodulate and fix N2, combined with their ability to compete in soils that are acidic and contain high levels of Al, is a cheaper and more sustainable alternative that can be made available to farmers than mineral fertilizers

Viabilidade da inoculação líquida com Rhizobium etli no sulco de semeadura do feijoeiro-comum

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a viabilidade da inoculação líquida de Rhizobium etli no sulco de semeadura e certificar a eficiência da estirpe UFLA 02-100 como inoculante potencial para o feijoeiro-comum (Phaseolus vulgaris). Os tratamentos consistiram de três doses do inoculante líquido aplicadas aos sulcos e uma dose aplicada às sementes de feijão-comum, além de dois controles sem inoculação. O inoculante continha 109células de Rhizobium etli mL-1. Independentemente do método de aplicação, a produtividade obtida com a inoculação foi equivalente à da aplicação de N da ureia, mas a aplicação ao sulco, com 0,6 L ha-1, é mais vantajosa pela praticidade operacional e redução de custos.The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of liquid medium inoculation of Rhizobium etli in the planting furrow and to certify the efficiency of its strain UFLA 02-100 as a potential inoculant for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The treatments consisted of three application rates of liquid inoculant applied in the planting furrows or in common bean seed, besides two controls without inoculation. The inoculant contained 109 cells of Rhizobium etli mL-1. Regardless of the application method, the yield obtained with the inoculation was equivalent to that of N from urea; however, the application in the furrows, at 0.6 L ha-1, is more advantageous due to the operational practicality and reduced costs

Viability of liquid medium-inoculation of Rhizobium etli in planting furrows with common bean

<div><p>Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the viability of liquid medium inoculation of Rhizobium etli in the planting furrow and to certify the efficiency of its strain UFLA 02-100 as a potential inoculant for common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). The treatments consisted of three application rates of liquid inoculant applied in the planting furrows or in common bean seed, besides two controls without inoculation. The inoculant contained 109 cells of Rhizobium etli mL-1. Regardless of the application method, the yield obtained with the inoculation was equivalent to that of N from urea; however, the application in the furrows, at 0.6 L ha-1, is more advantageous due to the operational practicality and reduced costs.</p></div

MOONS: The New Multi-Object Spectrograph for the VLT

International audienceMOONS is the new Multi-Object Optical and Near-infrared Spectrograph currently under construction for the Very Large Telescope (VLT) at ESO. This remarkable instrument combines, for the first time, the collecting power of an 8-m telescope, 1000 fibres with individual robotic positioners, and both low- and high-resolution simultaneous spectral coverage across the 0.64–1.8 μm wavelength range. This facility will provide the astronomical community with a powerful, world-leading instrument able to serve a wide range of Galactic, extragalactic and cosmological studies. Construction is now proceeding full steam ahead and this overview article presents some of the science goals and the technical description of the MOONS instrument. More detailed information on the MOONS surveys is provided in the other dedicated articles in this Messenger issue

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora