L’incontinence urinaire et la physiothérapie : une solution actuelle pour la femme âgée

Travail d'intégration réalisé dans le cadre du cours PHT-6113.INTRODUCTION L’incontinence urinaire (IU) touche 30 à 50% des femmes âgées de 65 ans et plus. Avec le vieillissement de la population, cette statistique tend à augmenter. Peu de ces femmes consultent pour pallier à ce problème puisqu’elles considèrent leur IU comme étant un symptôme normal du vieillissement. De plus, la gêne des femmes face à ce sujet limite leurs connaissances et leur initiative à consulter un professionnel de la santé. OBJECTIF Le but du travail est de rendre compte des évidences actuelles concernant la pathophysiologie, la prévalence, les facteurs de risque de l’IU ainsi que l’évaluation et les traitements physiothérapiques validés afin de développer un outil de communication adapté aux femmes âgées. STRATÉGIE MÉTHODOLOGIQUE Une revue de la littérature a été effectuée entre le 1er octobre 2010 et le 10 janvier 2011 à l’aide d’ouvrages de référence ainsi que des bases de données EMBASE, PUBMED, MEDLINE, Cochrane et PEDro. Afin de développer un outil de communication adapté, un sondage a été mené auprès de femmes âgées et d’organismes communautaires. RÉSULTATS Un outil de communication a été conçu afin d’informer la clientèle âgée sur les facteurs de risques de l’IU et de les conseiller sur les modifications à apporter quant à leurs habitudes de vie. CONCLUSION La physiothérapie est une solution efficace pour traiter l’IU. Il est donc nécessaire de promouvoir cette thérapie auprès des femmes âgées incontinentes. Il est également primordial d’agir à titre préventif au niveau des habitudes de vie et des comportements à risque de favoriser cette problématique

Geologic interpretation of the aeromagnetic survey in the Agourai area (Central Morocco)

Abstract The aim of this work is to interpret the geologic structures of the Agourai area (Paleozoic and Mesozoic structures) from processed magnetic maps. The detected magnetic anomalies from different standard methods used in aeromagnetism (Residual map, RTP map, horizontal gradient map) were compared to geologic structures and permit enhancing the mapping quality of some areas, and thus defining many geologic features. Existing geologic maps and geologic field studies allow interpreting some detected anomalies. It was thus possible to define the limits between the Paleozoic basement and the Mesozoic cover, to determine magnetic anomalies according to NE-SW trends compatible with the regional geologic structures and finally to detect a NE to SW-oriented fault system in the Mesozoic cover of the Agourai Plateau. Despite the reliability of this approach, some folded basaltic sills occurring in this region were not well detected, probably because of their reduced thickness

Native spider silk as a biological optical fiber.

International audienceIn this study, we demonstrate the use of eco-friendly native spider silk as an efficient optical fiber in air, highly bent fibers, and physiological liquid. We also integrated the silk filament in a photonic chip made of polymer microstructures fabricated by UV lithography. The molding process is non-destructive for silk and leads to an efficient micro-optical coupling between silk and synthetic optical structures. These optical performances combined with the unique biocompatibility, bioresorbability, flexibility, and tensile strength of silk filaments pave the way for new applications in biological media and for original biophotonic purposes

Contribution of plasmid-encoded peptidase S8 (PrtP) to adhesion and transit in the gut of Lactococcus lactis IBB477 strain

The ability of Lactococcus lactis to adhere to the intestinal mucosa can potentially prolong the contact with the host, and therefore favour its persistence in the gut. In the present study, the contribution of plasmid-encoded factors to the adhesive and transit properties of the L. lactis subsp. cremoris IBB477 strain was investigated. Plasmid-cured derivatives as well as deletion mutants were obtained and analysed. Adhesion tests were performed using non-coated polystyrene plates, plates coated with mucin or fibronectin and mucus-secreting HT29-MTX intestinal epithelial cells. The results indicate that two plasmids, pIBB477a and b, are involved in adhesion of the IBB477 strain. One of the genes localised on plasmid pIBB477b (AJ89_14230), which encodes cell wall-associated peptidase S8 (PrtP), mediates adhesion of the IBB477 strain to bare, mucin- and fibronectincoated polystyrene, as well as to HT29-MTX cells. Interactions between bacteria and mucus secreted by HT29- MTX cells were further investigated by fluorescent staining and confocal microscopy. Confocal images showed that IBB477 forms dense clusters embedded in secreted mucus. Finally, the ability of IBB477 strain and its ΔprtP deletion mutant to colonise the gastrointestinal tract of conventional C57Bl/6mice was determined. Both strains were present in the gut for up to 72 h. In summary, adhesion and persistence of IBB477 were analysed by in vitro and in vivo approaches, respectively. Our studies revealed that plasmidic genes encoding cell surface proteins are more involved in the adhesion of IBB477 strain than in the ability to confer a selective advantage in the gut

Effects of age, sex, body mass index and APOE genotype on cardiovascular biomarker response to an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation

Objectives: To test whether age, sex, body mass index (BMI), and the apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype are associated with the metabolic response to an n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) supplementation. Methods: 210 subjects followed a 2-week run-in period based on Canada’s Food Guide and underwent a 6-week 5 g/day fish oil supplementation (1.9 g of eicosapentaenoic acid and 1.1 g of docosahexaenoic acid). Cardiovascular disease risk factors were measured. Results: n-3 PUFA supplementation was associated with a decrease of plasma triglyceride levels (p = 0.0002) as well as with an increase of fasting glucose (FG) levels (p = 0.02). Age was associated with post-intervention plasma total cholesterol (p = 0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (p = 0.007), apolipoprotein B (p = 0.04), and insulin (p = 0.002) levels. Sex was associated with post-intervention plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (p = 0.02). BMI was associated with plasma FG (p = 0.02) and insulin levels (p < 0.0001) after the supplementation. APOE genotype was associated with FG (p = 0.001) and C-reactive protein levels (p = 0.03) after the supplementation. Conclusion: Results suggest that age, sex, BMI, and the APOE genotype contribute to the inter-individual variability observed in the metabolic response to an n-3 PUFA supplementation

ICAM-1 PROMOTES THE ABNORMAL ENDOTHELIAL CELLPHENOTYPE IN CHRONIC THROMBOEMBOLIC PULMONARYHYPERTENSION

International audienceBACKGROUND - Pulmonary endothelial cells play a key role in the pathogenesis of ChronicThromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH). Increased synthesis and/or release ofIntercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1) by pulmonary endothelial cells of patients withCTEPH has been recently reported, suggesting a potential role for ICAM-1 in CTEPH.METHODS - We studied pulmonary endarterectomy specimens from 172 patients with CTEPHand pulmonary artery specimens from 97 controls undergoing lobectomy for low-stage cancerwithout metastasis.RESULTS - ICAM-1 was overexpressed in vitro in isolated and cultured endothelial cells fromendarterectomy specimens. Endothelial cell (EC) growth and apoptosis resistance weresignificantly higher in CTEPH specimens than in controls (P<0.001). Both abnormalities wereabolished by pharmacological inhibition of ICAM-1 synthesis or activity. Overexpression ofICAM-1 contributed to the acquisition and maintenance of abnormal EC growth and apoptosisresistance via phosphorylation of SRC, p38 and ERK1/2 and overproduction of Survivin.Regarding the ICAM-1 E469K polymorphism, the KE heterozygote genotype was significantlymore frequent in CTEPH than in controls, but was not associated with disease severity amongpatients with CTEPH.CONCLUSIONS - ICAM-1 contributes to maintaining the abnormal endothelial cell phenotypein CTEPH

Calenge par Bertrand, parcours de lecture dans le Carnet d’un bibliothécaire

Nous sommes tous redevables à Bertrand Calenge, bibliothécaire de renom, théoricien et praticien des bibliothèques, disparu en 2016. Un collectif de bibliothécaires fait revivre cet auteur, en proposant un parcours de lecture à travers son blog Carnet de notes. Ces parcours thématiques et transversaux recontextualisent les billets selon les principaux sujets traités par l’auteur – collections, médiation, évaluation, métier, numérique, etc. – autant dire toutes les questions vives des bibliothèques. Ce livre expérimente une mise en book du blog d’un professionnel, pour nous inviter, comme l\u27écrit Martine Poulain dans sa préface, « à penser, échanger, proposer »

GWAS in the SIGNAL/PHARE clinical cohort restricts the association between the FGFR2 locus and estrogen receptor status to HER2-negative breast cancer patients

International audienceGenetic polymorphisms are associated with breast cancer risk. Clinical and epidemiological observations suggest that clinical characteristics of breast cancer, such as estrogen receptor or HER2 status, are also influenced by hereditary factors. To identify genetic variants associated with pathological characteristics of breast cancer patients, a Genome Wide Association Study was performed in a cohort of 9365 women from the French nationwide SIGNAL/PHARE studies (NCT00381901/RECF1098). Strong association between the FGFR2 locus and ER status of breast cancer patients was observed (ER-positive n=6211, ER-negative n=2516; rs3135718 OR=1.34 p=5.46x10-12). This association was limited to patients with HER2-negative tumors (ER-positive n=4267, ER-negative n=1185; rs3135724 OR=1.85 p=1.16x10-11). The FGFR2 locus is known to be associated with breast cancer risk. This study provides sound evidence for an association between variants in the FGFR2 locus and ER status among breast cancer patients, particularly among patients with HER2-negative disease. This refinement of the association between FGFR2 variants and ER-status to HER2-negative disease provides novel insight to potential biological and clinical influence of genetic polymorphisms on breast tumors

Compliance and treatment satisfaction of post menopausal women treated for osteoporosis. Compliance with osteoporosis treatment

International audienceBackgroundAdherence to anti-osteoporosis treatments is poor, exposing treated women to increased fracture risk. Determinants of poor adherence are poorly understood. The study aims to determine physician- and patient- rated treatment compliance with osteoporosis treatments and to evaluate factors influencing compliance.MethodsThis was an observational, cross-sectional pharmacoepidemiological study with a randomly-selected sample of 420 GPs, 154 rheumatologists and 110 gynaecologists practicing in France. Investigators included post-menopausal women with a diagnosis of osteoporosis and a treatment initiated in the previous six months. Investigators completed a questionnaire on clinical features, treatments and medical history, and on patient compliance. Patients completed a questionnaire on sociodemographic features, lifestyle, attitudes and knowledge about osteoporosis, treatment compliance, treatment satisfaction and quality of life. Treatment compliance was evaluated with the Morisky Medication-taking Adherence Scale. Variables collected in the questionnaires were evaluated for association with compliance using multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results785 women were evaluated. Physicians considered 95.4% of the sample to be compliant, but only 65.5% of women considered themselves compliant. The correlation between patient and physician perceptions of compliance was low (κ: 0.11 [95% CI: 0.06 to 0.16]). Patient-rated compliance was highest for monthly bisphosphonates (79.7%) and lowest for hormone substitution therapy (50.0%). Six variables were associated with compliance: treatment administration frequency, perceptions of long-term treatment acceptability, perceptions of health consequences of osteoporosis, perceptions of knowledge about osteoporosis, exercise and mental quality of life.ConclusionCompliance to anti-osteoporosis treatments is poor. Reduction of dosing regimen frequency and patient education may be useful ways of improving compliance