Selection for abdominal bristle number in Drosophila subobscura, a highly polymorphic species for gene arrangements

International audienc

Intra- and intergenotypic larval competition in Drosophila melanogaster : effect of larval density and biotic residues

International audienc

Análisis mediante elementos finitos de un eje con ajuste a presión y hueco interno toroidal

En este trabajo de fin de grado se trabaja con la unión de dos elementos mediante un ajuste a presión. Por un lado, hay un estudio previo de los fenómenos que se producen en este tipo de escenarios mecánicos como el fretting y por otro lado un estudio de la geometría con la que se va a estudiar el modelo. El estudio se centra en el análisis numérico mediante el método de los elementos finitos de las tensiones globales y de contacto en un sistema eje-cubo al aplicar una flexión rotativa, realizando un mallado preciso para lograr obtener la mayor información posible. Una vez conseguidas las tensiones a lo largo del eje, se extraerán a un fichero para poder analizar por el método de fatiga multiaxial de Smith-Watson-Topper el parámetro de daño en la zona crítica del contacto, hallando el punto crítico y valores medios del parámetro de daño en los planos de su entorno, pudiendo contemplar para que ángulo se provoca la grieta que originará la flexión rotativa. Pero el verdadero foco del trabajo se centra en las posibles mejoras geométricas que pueden existir al introducir un hueco toroidal como medida paliativa para reducir el parámetro de daño y, por tanto, aumentar la vida a fatiga, basando el trabajo en estudios de investigación ya realizados tanto por otros investigadores como por los profesores del departamento de ingeniería mecánica y fabricación de la E.T.S.I. Todo esto se realiza con un análisis de elementos finitos con el software ANSYS. A lo largo del trabajo se utiliza tanto ANSYS Workbench para realizar los primeros estudios de la presión de contacto, como ANSYS mechanical APDL para realizar el modelo, mallado de la pieza y el estudio completo de la efectividad de las medidas paliativas realizadas en las simulaciones.In this bachelor project, we focus the work on the analysis of the interference fit on a shrink-fitted joint. On the one hand, there is a previous study of the phenomena that occur in this type of mechanical conditions such as fretting and on the other hand a study of the geometry. The study therefore focuses on the analysis of contact stresses combined with rotary bending fatigue, with a precise mesh to obtain an accurate solution. After that, the Smith-Watson-Topper parameter is calculated along different points of the surface near the beginning of the contact pressure to evaluate the máximum value of the SWT parameter and thus find the most critical point of the shaft surface. Next, the avarage value of the damage parameter is calculated along several planes, and the highest mean value of the parameter is considerated the critical plane likely to initiate crack because fretting damage. But the main focus of the work is studying the possible beneficial effects on the fretting life of introducing a toroidal void inside the material under fretting conditions in a shrink-fit assembly subjected to rotating bending. In this work, the value of the Smith-WatsonTopper multiaxial fatigue parameter is considered to analize the damage with a method done by other researchers as well as by the professors of the mechanical engineering and manufacturing department of ETSI All this project is done with some finite element models with ANSYS workbench and ANSYS mechanical APDL. Throughout the work, ANSYS Workbench is used to study the contact pressure between surfaces, as well as ANSYS mechanical APDL to makeUniversidad de Sevilla. Grado en Ingeniería de las Tecnologías Industriale

Aplicación de la metodología BIM en la arquitectura y estructura de un colegio público

Este trabajo fin de máster esta enfocado en el desarrollo de la arquitectura y estructura de un colegio público ya construido, elaborándolo desde cero con la metodología BIM. A través de este camino se realizará un estudio y aprendizaje de diversas herramientas que utilizan esta filosofía de trabajo y metodología, exponiendo en esta memoria sus puntos fuertes, sus aportaciones al mundo y como se implementa actualmente. Para ello se ha focalizado el trabajo en dos softwares de la empresa Autodesk como son el Revit y el Robot structural para realizar los modelos pertinentes. Además, se ha seguido las normativas pertinentes para realizar los análisis estructurales del proyecto, principalmente utilizando el Código técnico para la edificación para el cálculo estructural de las cargas, con el fin de cumplir las exigencias de seguridad estructural. En esta memoria se contará con cuatro tomos diferenciados en la memoria descriptiva del proyecto, la memoria del cálculo estructural, la memoria del modelado BIM y finalmente los planos finales elaborado en los programas ya nombrados anteriormente.This master's thesis is focused on the development of the architecture and structure of a public school already built, developing it from scratch with the BIM methodology. Through this path will be a study and learning of various tools that use this philosophy of work and methodology, exposing in this memory its strengths, its contributions to the world and how it is currently implemented. For this purpose, the work has been focused on two Autodesk softwares such as Revit and Robot structural to make the models. In addition, the relevant regulations have been followed to perform the structural analysis of the project, mainly using the Technical Building Code for the structural calculation of loads, in order to meet the requirements of structural safety. In this report there will be four different volumes: the descriptive report of the project, the structural calculation report, the BIM modeling report and finally the final drawings elaborated in the previously mentioned programs.Universidad de Sevilla. Máster en Ingeniería Industria

Aproximació interdisciplinària a l'acció del foc en les inhumacions i aixovars del Neolític antic cardial de Can Sadurní (Begues, Baix Llobregat)

Antolín, F; Ache, M; Bergadà, M.M; Blasco, A; Buxó, R; Edo, M; Gibaja, J.F; Mensua, C; Palomo, A; Piqué, R; Ruiz, J; Saña, M; Verdún, E; Villalba, M.J. 2011 in Blasco, A; Edo, M; Villalba, M.J. (coord). La cova de Can Sadurní i la prehistòria de Garraf. Actes de les Jornades Internacionals de Prehistòria "El Garraf, 30 anys d'investigació arqueològica". Begues, 5 al 7 de desembre de 2008. Col·lecció Actes. EDAR-Hugony editore. Milano. 2011.[EN] This article presents an interdisciplinary study of archaeological materials excavated from the reservoir layer 18 of the cova de Can Sadurní (Begues, Baix Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain). This layer is formed by a deposit coluvional blocks and gravels in a matrix of silty sand with clay. Ceramic materials are ascribed to the ancient neolithic cardial full and one of his datings obtained on grain seed is 5475-5305 cal ANE. The aim of this study answers the question: what is the origin of the whole and the relationship of the materials with fire.[CA] En aquest article es presenta un estudi interdisciplinari de materials arqueològics excavats de la capa de dipòsit 18 de la cova de Can Sadurní (Begues, Baix Llobregat, Barcelona, Catalunya, Espanya). Aquesta capa està formada per un dipòsit de blocs coluvional i graves en una matriu de sorra llimosa amb argila. Els materials ceràmics són atribuïts a l'antic cardial neolítica complet i un dels seus datacions obtingudes en el germen del gra és 5475-5305 cal ANE. L'objectiu d'aquest estudi respon a la pregunta: quin és l'origen del conjunt i la relació dels materials amb foc.Peer Reviewe

Multi-storey calcrete profiles developed during the initial stages of the configuration of the Ebro Basins exorrheic fluvial network

Multi-storey calcrete profiles developed in the Quaternary on strath terraces of the Cinca and Alcanadre rivers, tributaries of the Ebro River inNE Spain. Two calcrete profiles (Tor 1 and Tor 2) near the village of El Tormillo show horizons with an arrangement that differs from that of commonly described calcrete profiles. Significant lateral changes occur in these profiles within a distance of less than 200 m, reflecting their pedofacies relationship. The Tor 1 profile on terraceQt1 (the highest and oldest) consists of six horizons (frombottomto top): 1) coarse fluvial gravels; 2) mudstones with carbonate nodules; 3) a chalky horizon; 4) laminar horizons, including one peloidal horizon; 5) amulti-storey horizon formed of at least six minor sequences, each ofwhich includes a lower detrital layer, a pisolithic horizon, and a thin discontinuous laminar horizon (these sequences indicate several cycles of brecciation and/or reworking); and 6) a topmost laminar and brecciated horizon also including reworked pisoliths. Some200 mto the north of Tor 1, horizon 5 undergoes a lateral change to channel fill-deposits. The infill of the channels shows a fining-upwards sequence ranging fromclasts of about 10 cmin diameter to red siltswith sparse pebbles. All the clasts come fromthe underlying calcrete horizons. Laminar horizons are interbeddedwith the clastic channel deposits. The youngest calcrete profiles developed on terraceQt3 of the Cinca River and on the Qp4 and Qp6mantled pediment levels. All showrelatively simple profiles composedmostly of lower horizons of coated gravels, with thin laminar horizons at the top. Most of the horizons, especially the laminar ones, show biogenic features such as alveolar septal structures, calcified filaments, biofilms, spherulites, micropores and needle-like calcite crystals. These features indicate the important role of vegetation in the formation of all the above profiles. The interbedding of clastic sediments and pisolithic horizons within the Tor 2 profile indicates several stages of stabilisation during profile formation. These sequences are an indication of the sedimentation, soil formation and reworking processes operating on the soil surface. The alternation of these processes is interpreted as the result of climate–vegetation changes. The channel-fills of Tor 2 indicate erosion and reworking of the hard laminar calcrete horizon. Both Tor 1 and Tor 2 are multi-storey profiles reflecting the complex sedimentation–erosion–pedogenesis relationships at the final stages of the development of its corresponding fluvial terrace. The study of these calcretes shows that these supposedly abandoned terraces continue to be active even though the fluvial network is entrenched. Both the pedofacies relationships and the complexity shown by Tor 1 and Tor 2 reflect the complex and unstable geomorphic setting inwhich these profiles developed. After the establishment of the exorrheic network, less complex calcrete profiles were produced in the lower terraces

Pandemic influenza preparedness and health systems challenges in Asia: results from rapid analyses in 6 Asian countries

BACKGROUND: Since 2003, Asia-Pacific, particularly Southeast Asia, has received substantial attention because of the anticipation that it could be the epicentre of the next pandemic. There has been active investment but earlier review of pandemic preparedness plans in the region reveals that the translation of these strategic plans into operational plans is still lacking in some countries particularly those with low resources. The objective of this study is to understand the pandemic preparedness programmes, the health systems context, and challenges and constraints specific to the six Asian countries namely Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Taiwan, Thailand, and Viet Nam in the prepandemic phase before the start of H1N1/2009. METHODS: The study relied on the Systemic Rapid Assessment (SYSRA) toolkit, which evaluates priority disease programmes by taking into account the programmes, the general health system, and the wider socio-cultural and political context. The components under review were: external context; stewardship and organisational arrangements; financing, resource generation and allocation; healthcare provision; and information systems. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected in the second half of 2008 based on a review of published data and interviews with key informants, exploring past and current patterns of health programme and pandemic response. RESULTS: The study shows that health systems in the six countries varied in regard to the epidemiological context, health care financing, and health service provision patterns. For pandemic preparation, all six countries have developed national governance on pandemic preparedness as well as national pandemic influenza preparedness plans and Avian and Human Influenza (AHI) response plans. However, the governance arrangements and the nature of the plans differed. In the five developing countries, the focus was on surveillance and rapid containment of poultry related transmission while preparation for later pandemic stages was limited. The interfaces and linkages between health system contexts and pandemic preparedness programmes in these countries were explored. CONCLUSION: Health system context influences how the six countries have been preparing themselves for a pandemic. At the same time, investment in pandemic preparation in the six Asian countries has contributed to improvement in health system surveillance, laboratory capacity, monitoring and evaluation and public communications. A number of suggestions for improvement were presented to strengthen the pandemic preparation and mitigation as well as to overcome some of the underlying health system constraints

Shells and humans: molluscs and other coastal resources from the earliest human occupations at the Mesolithic shell midden of El Mazo (Asturias, Northern Spain)

Human populations exploited coastal areas with intensity during the Mesolithic in Atlantic Europe, resulting in the accumulation of large shell middens. Northern Spain is one of the most prolific regions, and especially the so-called Asturian area. Large accumulations of shellfish led some scholars to propose the existence of intensification in the exploitation of coastal resources in the region during the Mesolithic. In this paper, shell remains (molluscs, crustaceans and echinoderms) from stratigraphic units 114 and 115 (dated to the early Mesolithic c. 9 kys cal BP) at El Mazo cave (Asturias, northern Spain) were studied in order to establish resource exploitation patterns and environmental conditions. Species representation showed that limpets, top shells and sea urchins were preferentially exploited. One-millimetre mesh screens were crucial in establishing an accurate minimum number of individuals for sea urchins and to determine their importance in exploitation patterns. Environmental conditions deduced from shell assemblages indicated that temperate conditions prevailed at the time of the occupation and the morphology of the coastline was similar to today (rocky exposed shores). Information recovered relating to species representation, collection areas and shell biometry reflected some evidence of intensification (reduced shell size, collection in lower areas of exposed shores, no size selection in some units and species) in the exploitation of coastal resources through time. However, the results suggested the existence of changes in collection strategies and resource management, and periods of intense shell collection may have alternated with times of shell stock recovery throughout the Mesolithic.This research was performed as part of the project “The human response to the global climatic change in a littoral zone: the case of the transition to the Holocene in the Cantabrian coast (10,000–5000 cal BC) (HAR2010-22115-C02-01)” funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness. AGE was funded by the University of Cantabria through a predoctoral grant and IGZ was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness through a Juan de la Cierva grant. We also would like to thank the University of Cantabria and the IIIPC for providing support, David Cuenca-Solana, Alejandro García Moreno and Lucia Agudo Pérez for their help. We also thank Jennifer Jones for correcting the English. Comments from two anonymous reviewers helped to improve the paper

Revisiting the built environment: 10 potential development changes and paradigm shifts due to COVID-19

This study explores potential development and paradigm shifts in two main sectors of construction and the built environment due to COVID-19. These development changes are discussed based on evidence from previous pandemics, current and expected impacts on both industries, and how they are likely to shape the next policy, practices, and perspectives. By assessing the primary areas of both sectors through an expert-led analysis, this study suggests 10 potential development changes that we could expect in the post-COVID time. These potential changes are discussed as possible new practices, empowered regulations, or adaptive measures; and eventually towards paradigm shifts. A total of 50 participants contributed to the selection, identification, and assessment of these potential changes. The findings from this study feed into the assessment of ongoing and forthcoming changes as a result of the current pandemic, specifically on two sectors of ‘construction’ and ‘the built environment’. These will include paradigm shifts in architecture practices, civil engineering practices, project management, and urbanism. Some of the suggestions in this study may harness shared practices, and some may simply develop into new forms of development practices in both sectors