A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL AMBIENTAL FRENTE AOS DANOS CAUSADOS PELOS CONDOMÍNIOS URBANÍSTICOS: A CORRETA IMPUTAÇÃO AOS AGENTES ENVOLVIDOS

Objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar o problema da delimitação da responsabilidade ambiental em danos causados pelos condomínios urbanísticos. A doutrina então revisada considera que a responsabilidade poderá ser solidária entre os agentes que criaram o risco do empreendimento ou somente daquele que causou o dano, portanto dividindo-se em um campo vasto de teorias. O estudo de casos e revisão bibliográfica foi o método utilizado com o escopo de se provar qual teoria de forma mais adequada, se aplica à relação presente entre meio ambiente urbano e condomínios

A ÉTICA DE EMMANUEL LÉVINAS E A AUSÊNCIA DE ALTERIDADE NA INSTITUIÇÃO DAS GATED COM-MUNITIES: QUEM OU O QUE ESTÁ POR DETRÁS DOS MUROS?

Objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar a ordenação do solo urbano reconhecida no Brasil como Loteamentos Fechados (Gated Communities) e seus aspectos sociais e filosóficos, no que concerne ao fechamento dos muros e o isolamento social provocado por tal atitude. A doutrina jurídica estrangeira foi utilizada como marco para explanação do fenômeno e os conflitos que o mesmo provoca em diversos países. Também, a obra de Emmanuel Lévinas sobre a Ética da Alteridade, o que auxiliou o presente trabalho a comprovar, através de um fundamento filosófico, a ausência do outro e do caráter altero nos processos de formação das comunidades fechadas.

A Responsabilidade Civil Ambiental por Danos Coletivos causados pelo Fenômeno Urbanístico da Gentrificação

 Objetivou‑se com este trabalho analisar o problema da responsabilidade civil ambiental frente aos danos coletivos causados pela gentrificação. O fenômeno pode ser definido como o fenô‑ meno de segregação econômica em espaços, marcado pela saída de antigos ocupantes e chegada de novos possuidores, de classes sociais superiores. A doutrina revisada considera que o processo de gentrificação possui um efeito não desejado: a suburbanização, que provoca danos aos bens ambientais urbanos coletivos e individuais. O estudo de casos e a revisão bibliográfica foram os métodos utilizados, com o escopo de aferir se há responsabilização e sobre quais teorias está amparada. O trabalho também aborda o fenômeno de gentrificação ocorrido no “Parque do Povo”, na cidade de São Paulo. ABSTRACT: This paper aims at analyzing the problem of Civil Environmental Liability arising from collective damages caused by Gentrification. The phenomenon can be defined as the economic segregation in spaces, marked by the departure of older occupants and the arrival of new possessors, from upper social classes. The bibliography reviewed by the author considers that the process of gentrification entails an unwanted effect, namely that of suburbanization, a phenomenon that harms individual and collective urban environmental goods. Case study and bibliographic review were the methods used with the scope assessing whether accountability exists and by which theories it is supported. The work also includes the analysis of the gentrification of “Parque do Povo”, in São Paul

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL AMBIENTAL FRENTE AOS DANOS CAUSADOS PELOS CONDOMÍNIOS URBANÍSTICOS: A CORRETA IMPUTAÇÃO AOS AGENTES ENVOLVIDOS

Objetivou-se com este trabalho analisar o problema da delimitação da responsabilidade ambiental em danos causados pelos condomínios urbanísticos. A doutrina então revisada considera que a responsabilidade poderá ser solidária entre os agentes que criaram o risco do empreendimento ou somente daquele que causou o dano, portanto dividindo-se em um campo vasto de teorias. O estudo de casos e revisão bibliográfica foi o método utilizado com o escopo de se provar qual teoria de forma mais adequada, se aplica à relação presente entre meio ambiente urbano e condomínios

12,500+ and counting: biodiversity of the Brazilian Pampa

Knowledge on biodiversity is fundamental for conservation strategies. The Brazilian Pampa region, located in subtropical southern Brazil, is neglected in terms of conservation, and knowledge of its biodiversity is fragmented. We aim to answer the question: how many, and which, species occur in the Brazilian Pampa? In a collaborative effort, we built species lists for plants, animals, bacteria, and fungi that occur in the Brazilian Pampa. We included information on distribution patterns, main habitat types, and conservation status. Our study resulted in referenced lists totaling 12,503 species (12,854 taxa, when considering infraspecific taxonomic categories [or units]). Vascular plants amount to 3,642 species (including 165 Pteridophytes), while algae have 2,046 species (2,378 taxa) and bryophytes 316 species (318 taxa). Fungi (incl. lichenized fungi) contains 1,141 species (1,144 taxa). Animals total 5,358 species (5,372 taxa). Among the latter, vertebrates comprise 1,136 species, while invertebrates are represented by 4,222 species. Our data indicate that, according to current knowledge, the Pampa holds approximately 9% of the Brazilian biodiversity in an area of little more than 2% of Brazil’s total land. The proportion of species restricted to the Brazilian Pampa is low (with few groups as exceptions), as it is part of a larger grassland ecoregion and in a transitional climatic setting. Our study yielded considerably higher species numbers than previously known for many species groups; for some, it provides the first published compilation. Further efforts are needed to increase knowledge in the Pampa and other regions of Brazil. Considering the strategic importance of biodiversity and its conservation, appropriate government policies are needed to fund studies on biodiversity, create accessible and constantly updated biodiversity databases, and consider biodiversity in school curricula and other outreach activities