Causes of relapse and search for treatment reported by drug users in a rehabilitation unit

Objetivos: Identificar as causas de recaída e de busca por tratamento pelos dependentes químicos. Metodologia: Pesquisa qualitativa, exploratória, realizada em Unidade de Reabilitação de Adictos de um hospital psiquiátrico do Paraná, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados nos meses de maio a junho de 2010, através de entrevista semiestruturada com 12 dependentes químicos. Posteriormente, foram analisados e organizados em categorias temáticas. Resultados: Da análise, emergiram cinco categorias: o meio influencia a recaída; o não reconhecimento da impotência perante o vício; dificuldade de lidar com frustrações; a inatividade desperta o desejo pelo uso de substâncias psicoativas; perdas, comorbidades e o reconhecimento da impotência motivam a busca de tratamento. Discussão: Evidenciou-se dentre as motivações atribuídas à recaída, influências externas relacionadas ao contexto social e internas, como a dificuldade de autopercepção. Os sujeitos atribuíram às perdas, diversos aspectos da vida e o reconhecimento do déficit de controle perante o vício, como fatores decisivos para a busca por tratamento. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a recuperação destes indivíduos é favorecida pela união dos fatores físicos, emocionais e sociais. Assim, é necessário que os profissionais de saúde busquem constantemente aprimorar seus conhecimentos acerca desta temática, a fim de estarem capacitados para prestar cuidado integral a essa clientela. Objectives: To identify the causes of relapse and search for treatment by drug users. Methodology: This was a qualitative exploratory research carried out in an Addiction Rehabilitation Unit at a psychiatric hospital in Paraná State, Brazil. Data were collected from May to June 2010 through a semistructured interview with 12 drug addicts. They were further analyzed and organized into thematic categories. Results: Five categories emerged from the analysis: Environment influences relapse; Non-recognition of the powerlessness facing addiction; Difficulty in coping with frustrations; Inaction fosters cravings for psychoactive substances; Losses, comorbidities, and recognition of powerlessness lead to the search for treatment. Discussion: Among the motivations for relapse, external influences related to the social context, as well as internal ones such as difficulties with self-perception were pointed out. The subjects attributed to losses, several aspects of their lives and the recognition of the control deficit over the addiction as the ultimate factors to search for treatment. Conclusion: It can be concluded that those subjects’ recovery is favored by the conjunction of physical, emotional, and social factors. Thus, it is deemed necessary that health professionals continuously refine their knowledge on this theme to be qualified to deliver thorough care to these clients

EVALUATION OF THE PROTEIN QUALITY OF BEANS, CORN, AND WHEAT GRAINS INFESTED BY INSECT PESTS

Insect infestation of grains causes several types of damage, including reduced grain weight, heat damage and consequent deterioration, diminished market value, and decreased nutritional value due to grain consumption by insects. The goal of this study was to compare the digestibility, chemical score, protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS), protein efficiency ratio (PER), and net protein ratio (NPR) of infested and uninfested grain flours. This study found that infested grain flours had higher nitrogen contents than uninfested grain flours. The presence of insects did not alter the digestibility of the analyzed grains. However, insects decreased the PER and NPR for beans but not corn and wheat. Similarly, there was a greater reduction in the levels of essential amino acids for beans than for corn and wheat. Insect infestation reduces the nutritional quality of grains, although the type of insect and the grain quality determine the extent of this reductio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

ATLANTIC-PRIMATES: a dataset of communities and occurrences of primates in the Atlantic Forests of South America

Primates play an important role in ecosystem functioning and offer critical insights into human evolution, biology, behavior, and emerging infectious diseases. There are 26 primate species in the Atlantic Forests of South America, 19 of them endemic. We compiled a dataset of 5,472 georeferenced locations of 26 native and 1 introduced primate species, as hybrids in the genera Callithrix and Alouatta. The dataset includes 700 primate communities, 8,121 single species occurrences and 714 estimates of primate population sizes, covering most natural forest types of the tropical and subtropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Paraguay and Argentina and some other biomes. On average, primate communities of the Atlantic Forest harbor 2 ± 1 species (range = 1–6). However, about 40% of primate communities contain only one species. Alouatta guariba (N = 2,188 records) and Sapajus nigritus (N = 1,127) were the species with the most records. Callicebus barbarabrownae (N = 35), Leontopithecus caissara (N = 38), and Sapajus libidinosus (N = 41) were the species with the least records. Recorded primate densities varied from 0.004 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta guariba at Fragmento do Bugre, Paraná, Brazil) to 400 individuals/km 2 (Alouatta caraya in Santiago, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil). Our dataset reflects disparity between the numerous primate census conducted in the Atlantic Forest, in contrast to the scarcity of estimates of population sizes and densities. With these data, researchers can develop different macroecological and regional level studies, focusing on communities, populations, species co-occurrence and distribution patterns. Moreover, the data can also be used to assess the consequences of fragmentation, defaunation, and disease outbreaks on different ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, species invasion or extinction, and community dynamics. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this Data Paper when the data are used in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using the data. © 2018 by the The Authors. Ecology © 2018 The Ecological Society of Americ

Educomunicação e suas áreas de intervenção: Novos paradigmas para o diálogo intercultural

oai:omp.abpeducom.org.br:publicationFormat/1O material aqui divulgado representa, em essência, a contribuição do VII Encontro Brasileiro de Educomunicação ao V Global MIL Week, da UNESCO, ocorrido na ECA/USP, entre 3 e 5 de novembro de 2016. Estamos diante de um conjunto de 104 papers executivos, com uma média de entre 7 e 10 páginas, cada um. Com este rico e abundante material, chegamos ao sétimo e-book publicado pela ABPEducom, em seus seis primeiros anos de existência. A especificidade desta obra é a de trazer as “Áreas de Intervenção” do campo da Educomunicação, colocando-as a serviço de uma meta essencial ao agir educomunicativo: o diálogo intercultural, trabalhado na linha do tema geral do evento internacional: Media and Information Literacy: New Paradigms for Intercultural Dialogue

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

SUCO MISTO DE LARANJA E CENOURA EM DIFERENTES CONCENTRAÇÕES

Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar físico-químicamente e sensorialmente suco misto de laranja e cenoura em diferentes concentrações. As análises físico-químicas foram realizadas em intervalos de oito dias por 22 dias de armazenamento. A análise sensorial foi realizada através do teste de aceitação no oitavo dia de armazenamento. Os sólidos solúveis e a acidez titulável não variaram entre os tratamentos. A acidez titulável variou ao longo do período de armazenamento, sendo esta variação acompanhada pelo aumento do pH. O tratamento controle apresentou menor teor de resíduo seco, diferindo do tratamento com 20% de suco de cenoura. Ao final do período de armazenamento, o teor de resíduo seco apresentou um aumento significativo. Os açúcares redutores diminuíram gradualmente em todos os tratamentos no decorrer do período de armazenamento dos sucos. Os tratamentos com 10% e 20% de suco de cenoura obtiveram melhor aceitação, não tendo sido verificado diferença significativa entre o tratamento control

Propolis extract in postharvest conservation of Solo papaya cv. ‘Golden’

The high perishability of papaya (Carica papaya L.) reduces the lifespan as well as limits marketing. Coating fruit is an alternative process to aid food preservation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of propolis extract coating on physicochemical characteristics of papaya stored at room temperature. Solo papayas cv. ‘Golden’ were randomly divided into five postharvest treatments: three forms of dip-coating (70% alcohol, hydroalcoholic extract of propolis at 2.5%, and hydroalcoholic extract of propolis at 5%) and two controls (one uncoated and one with refrigerated uncoated fruit). Each four days, weight loss, fruit firmness, soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA), SS/ TA ratio, and hydrogen potential (pH) were evaluated throughout 12 days of storage. A sensory analysis was performed on the fourth day of storage, being appraised by untrained tasters through acceptance testing. Refrigerated, 2.5% propolis, and 5% propolis treatments promoted the lowest weight losses. Flesh firmness of 5% propolis treatment was superior to that of control, alcohol, and 2.5% propolis treatments. Moreover, 5% propolis treatment achieved a great SS, differing only from alcohol treatment. Both TA and SS/TA had no variations among treatments, but along storage time. Flesh pH of refrigerated papaya showed significant differences in relation to other treatments. Also, refrigerated fruit presented chilling injury symptoms. Propolis-coated papaya showed sensory acceptability similar to those of the other treatments on the 4 th day of storage. Therefore, propolis coating renders Solo papaya cv. ‘Golden’ a promising alternative to control fruit weight losses and firmness.A alta perecibilidade do mamão (Carica papaya L.) reduz sua vida útil limitando sua comercialização. Os revestimentos são uma das alternativas para auxiliar na conservação de alimentos. Objetivou- se avaliar os efeitos do revestimento com extrato de própolis nas características físico-químicas do mamão, armazenado sob temperatura ambiente. Mamões Solo cv. ‘Golden’ foram selecionados e divididos aleatoriamente em cinco tratamentos pós-colheita, sendo três formas de revestimento por imersão (“álcool 70%”, “extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis a 2,5%”, “extrato hidroalcoólico de própolis a 5%”) e dois controles (um sem revestimento e outro em que os frutos não foram revestidos e mantidos sob refrigeração). As variáveis perda de massa, firmeza da polpa, sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), relação entre sólidos solúveis e acidez titulável (SS/AT) e potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), foram avaliadas em intervalos de 4 dias por 12 dias de armazenamento. Realizou-se análise sensorial no quarto dia de armazenamento dos mamões, avaliados por provadores não treinados através do teste de aceitação. Os tratamentos pós-colheita “refrigerado”, “própolis 2,5%” e “própolis 5%” propiciaram menor perda de massa. A firmeza da polpa para o tratamento pós-colheita “própolis 5%” apresentou- se superior aos tratamentos pós-colheita “controle”, “álcool” e “própolis 2,5%”. O teor de SST foi maior para o tratamento pós-colheita “própolis 5%”, que diferiu somente do tratamento pós-colheita “álcool”. A AT e a relação SS/AT não variaram com os tratamentos pós-colheita, variando somente com o tempo de armazenamento. O pH dos mamões refrigerados apresentaram diferenças significativas em relação aos demais tratamentos pós-colheita. Os frutos do tratamento “refrigerado” apresentaram injúria pelo frio. Mamões revestidos com extrato de própolis apresentaram aceitação sensorial semelhantes aos demais tratamentos pós-colheita no quarto dia de armazenamento. O revestimento de extrato de própolis pode ser uma alternativa promissora no controle da perda de massa e manutenção da firmeza da polpa em mamão Solo cv. ‘Golden’