Effect of the essential oil from the latex of the fruit Mangifera indica L. on Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari, Tetranychidae)

International audienceTetranychus urticae Koch is a cosmopolitan pest that causes damage to crops in protected farming activities in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. We investigated the lethal and sublethal effects of the essential oil from the latex of the mango fruit [Mangifera indica, Espada and Rosa (MESPA and MROSA) varieties] and selected monoterpenes on T. urticae. The yield of the MROSA oil was higher (9.22 ± 0.15%). The GC/MS analysis of the oils enabled the identification of 26 constituents. Terpinolene (70.14 ± 0.61%) was the major compound identified in the MESPA oil; β-pinene (38.22 ± 0.80%) was the major constituent of the MROSA oil, followed by terpinolene (29.44 ± 0.29%). The mite was more susceptible to the oils and constituents through fumigation, with no difference between the two varieties. By residual contact, the MROSA oil was 2.7-fold more toxic than the MESPA oil. Terpinolene was the most toxic constituent by fumigation, whereas β-pinene and α-pinene were the most active by residual contact. The selected compounds from M. indica also affected the behavior of the mite, exerting an influence on fecundity, feeding preference and egg-laying preference. The positive control (Azamax®) was more efficient at reducing the fecundity of the mite than the oils, but the MROSA oil was more toxic by fumigation and residual contact. The effects of fumigation and residual contact combined with the change in behavior may be a considerable advantage in the integrated management of T. urticae. For the practical use of these oils as novel acaricides, however, further investigations are needed to evaluate the effects on non-target organisms and the cost-benefit ratio for the formulation of a product to be used on protected crops in the semiarid region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

ACOLHIMENTOS E TRIAGENS DO ESTÁGIO BÁSICO EM SAÚDE PARA PACIENTES COM ANSIEDADE NO SERVIÇO DE PSICOLOGIA APLICADA

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo pontuar a importância do acolhimento e da triagem, através das vivências relativas ao Estágio Básico em Saúde, realizadas no período de agosto a dezembro de 2021. Portanto, pretende relacionar as experiências práticas do Estágio Básico a partir do suporte psicológico ofertado pelo Serviço de Psicologia Aplicada (SPA), do curso de Psicologia do Centro Universitário Católica de Quixadá (UniCatólica). O SPA atualmente, possui em equipe de trabalho estagiários, colaboradores e professores do curso de Psicologia, ofertando seus serviços para a comunidade acadêmica da UniCatólica, bem como da população de Quixadá e cidades circunvizinhas. No estágio são realizadas atividades como triagens, plantão psicológico e facilitação de grupos operativos. Durante as triagens realizadas, foi possível identificar uma demanda crescente de queixas relacionadas a ansiedade e seus sintomas. Boa parte do público que busca o SPA possui essa demanda em comum. Indivíduos de todas as idades e gêneros relatam seus problemas e podemos identificar sintomas ansiosos, o que nos leva a constatar que a ansiedade vem se tornando um problema cada vez mais presente no cotidiano das pessoas, sem distinção de idade ou gênero, atingindo o corpo e a mente da população que sofrem desse distúrbio. No decorrer dos acolhimentos realizados que apresentam tais queixas, é realizada uma psicoeducação com o paciente, visando orientá-los sobre aa psicopatologia, seu tratamento, e uma maneira de conscientização buscando o crescimento de seus conhecimentos sobre o assunto. Destarte, se evidencia uma forma de tranquiliza-los e prepará-los para o futuro atendimento psicoterápico o qual ele será encaminhado. O estágio é o lugar onde podemos adquirir conhecimentos e experiências através da prática, bem como treinar nosso manejo ao lidar com situações adversas. As orientações repassadas me supervisões semanais, são uma parte importante dessa jornada de conhecimento e aprendizagem. Compartilhar experiências, tirar dúvidas e desenvolver estratégias sobre o manejo clínico na profissão, são recursos valiosos dentro da experiência que o estágio básico vem proporcionando. Almeja-se que este trabalho seja uma ferramenta para conscientização sobre a relevância a saúde mental no cotidiano e também, destacar como o processo do acolhimento qualificado oferece uma possibilidade de auxílio para a população que necessita deste atendimento. Além disso, pretende contribuir socialmente frente a demanda de superlotação do sistema de saúde

Hepatic Encephalopathy Secondary to Chronic Liver Lesions Caused by Crotalaria incana in a Bovine

Background: Crotalaria spp. Poisoning induces liver or pulmonary disease. C. mucronata, C. juncea, C. spectabilis, and C. retusa are the Crotalaria spp. inducing spontaneous intoxication in livestock in Brazil. C. mucronata and C. juncea are associated with interstitial pneumonia, while C. retusa and C. specatabilis induce hepatotoxicosis. The toxic principle in Crotalaria spp. are dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloids and their N-oxides. C. incana poisoning to livestock is rarely documented. This paper reports the clinical signs and pathological findings of a case of Crotalaria incana poisoning in a steer. The chemical finding of a potential toxic dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid in the plant is documented for the first time.Case: The affected bovine was part of a herd of 80 two-year-old steers that were transferred from Property 1 to Property 2, 30 days prior to the event. In the pasture of Property I - where the steers were held for 6 months - there was a heavy infestation by a Crotalaria species with signs of being consumed by the steers. The plant was identified as Crotalaria incana at the Botanical Laboratory of the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul and a voucher specimen was filed there under the register GCMS 51169. Two days after entering Property 2 one of the steers became depressed, staggering, and in poor body condition. With time, the steer became oblivious to the environment and died 20 days after the onset of the clinical signs. Significant necropsy findings were limited to the liver which was markedly enlarged and with rounded edges. The hepatic cut surface was mottled with dark red and extensive orange areas of discoloration. The gallbladder was distended and the bile was inspissated. Microscopically, in the liver, there was fibrosis, bile duct hyperplasia and hepatocellular megalocytosis. The Glisson’s capsule was markedly thickened by fibrosis. In the brain, there was vacuolation of myelin sheaths (status spongiosus), moderate gliosis, and rare Alzheimer type 2 astrocytes.Discussion: The diagnosis of intoxication by C. incana was based on clinical signs and pathological changes and the evidence of the plant being consumed. The high infestation of C. incana in the pasture, the high proportion of dead matter and the low concentration of viable pasture favored the ingestion of C. incana. Spongy degeneration, a typical lesion of hepatic encephalopathy, was observed in the several areas of the brain. Cirrhosis of the liver as seen in the case of this report, results in elevated ammonia levels in the blood - and eventually in the brain – and ammonia toxicity causes hepatic encephalopathy. Morphological changes in hepatic encephalopathy in the central nervous system of human beings and horses centers on astrocytes which undergo Alzheimer type 2 change developing an enlarged, pale nuclei with a rim of chromatin and prominent nucleoli. Astrocytes pairs and triplets are seen, and, in severe cases, astrocytic nuclei may become lobulated and contain glycogen. Chemical analysis of C. incana was accomplished by acid-base extraction with zincreduction of N-oxides and quantitation by spectrometry. Quantitative analysis was achieved by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. To confirm the identity of the alkaloid in the sample of C. incana the isolated alkaloid was compared to a standard sample of usaramine previously isolated, and its identity verified by magnetic resonance spectroscopy analysis. The 1,2-dehydropyrrolizidine alkaloid usaramine, as well as its  N-oxide, were identified as the major alkaloids in in C. incana. The concentration found in the seed was consistent with that previously reported. This is a new finding on the toxic principle of C. incana. Keywords: cattle diseases, poisonous plants, pathology, hepatotoxicity, Crotalaria incana, chronic liver failure

Anamnese espiritual e relação médico-paciente: revisão e reconstrução de um instrumento cotidiano / Spiritual anamnesis and the doctor-patient relationship: review and reconstruction of an everyday instrument

Introdução: A anamnese espiritual é fundamental para familiarizar-se com as crenças do paciente. Ela permite ao profissional da saúde: investigar como os pacientes encaram o tratamento, compreender o papel e a importância da religião na vida desse indivíduo e o quanto sua espiritualidade pode interferir no processo saúde-doença e também na experiência da doença. Assim como, ajuda a detectar as necessidades espirituais e possibilita a mobilização de recursos que possam contribuir para o bem-estar biopsicossocial e espiritual para o indivíduo. Objetivo: Identificar questionários espirituais existentes na literatura. Métodos: Esse artigo consiste em uma revisão bibliográfica. A pesquisa foi realizada de forma eletrônica e em livros, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2014. Utilizaram-se as bases de dados do PUBMED e SCIELO, nas línguas inglesa e portuguesa. Os fatores de inclusão foram: questões curtas, de fácil memorização e realizadas rapidamente, permitindo saber se as crenças do paciente interferem e de que forma nos tratamentos médicos. Já os fatores de exclusão foram: não tentar converter ou violar os direitos do paciente, não tentar influenciar suas crenças nem realizar a anamnese em situações emergenciais ou em consultas agudas. Resultados: Foram encontrados na literatura pesquisada, sete modelos de questionários espirituais, que fornecem perguntas previamente elaboradas permitindo ao profissional da saúde identificar as necessidades espirituais do paciente, bem como as crenças que possam interferir na relação entre ambos e na própria conduta terapêutica. Os modelos de anamnese encontrados convergem em alguns pontos, sendo diferentes, principalmente, no excesso de tempo que alguns questionários demandam (devido a um grande número de questões) em relação a outros (mais sucintas) e/ou por explorarem a fundo um aspecto das crenças, deixando outros pontos importantes sem abordagem. Conclusão: As anamneses encontradas foram: Questionário FICA, Questionário HOPE, Inventario Espiritual de Kunh, CSI-MEMO, Historia Espiritual do ACP, História Espiritual de Matthhews, Historia eSPIRITual de Maugans. Nesses setes questionários encontramos como principais pontos: a mobilização de recursos para responder as demandas espirituais dos pacientes; como a espiritualidade pode interferir tanto na adesão quanto no tratamento clínico e a possibilidade do estreitamento da relação médico-paciente

ASPECTOS SOCIOCOMUNITÁRIOS DA EDUCAÇÃO ECOLÓGICA YANOMAMI DE MATURACÁ/AM

This article highlights a Professional Master's research carried out between the years 2021 and 2023, in the Graduate Program of the University of Amazonia (UNAMA). The problem was: how can the community dimension, aligned with the school pedagogical project, contemplate socio-environmental practices in the Yanomami context of Maturacá/AM? As a general objective, to analyze how the community dimension, aligned with the school pedagogical project, can contemplate, in the Yanomami context of Maturacá/AM, socio-environmental practices. Its specific objectives were to identify dilemmas and challenges of their cultural universe that can help in the training of new Yanomami generations towards greater ecological awareness; raise educational challenges, based on the daily life of the community, leaders, teachers and students and point out pedagogical strategies present in the Pedagogical Project of the Imaculada Conceição Indigenous School. As a methodology, participant-type field research was adopted. This research considers that the Yanomami have limits, ambiguities and dilemmas in their educational process. However, there is a sense of community belonging as a socio-community path towards ecological education.Este artículo destaca una investigación de Maestría Profesional realizada entre los años 2021 y 2023, en el Programa de Posgrado de la Universidad de la Amazonía (UNAMA). El problema era: ¿cómo la dimensión comunitaria, alineada con el proyecto pedagógico escolar, puede contemplar prácticas socioambientales en el contexto yanomami de Maturacá/AM? Como objetivo general, analizar cómo la dimensión comunitaria, alineada con el proyecto pedagógico escolar, puede contemplar, en el contexto yanomami de Maturacá/AM, prácticas socioambientales. Sus objetivos específicos fueron identificar dilemas y desafíos de su universo cultural que puedan ayudar en la formación de nuevas generaciones Yanomami hacia una mayor conciencia ecológica; plantear desafíos educativos, a partir del cotidiano de la comunidad, líderes, docentes y alumnos y apuntar estrategias pedagógicas presentes en el Proyecto Pedagógico de la Escuela Indígena Imaculada Conceição. Como metodología se adoptó la investigación de campo de tipo participante. Esta investigación considera que los Yanomami tienen límites, ambigüedades y dilemas en su proceso educativo. Sin embargo, existe un sentido de pertenencia comunitaria como camino sociocomunitario hacia la educación ecológica.Este artigo destaca uma pesquisa de Mestrado Profissional realizada entre os anos 2021 e 2023, no Programa de Pós-Graduação da Universidade da Amazônia (UNAMA). Teve como problema: como a dimensão comunitária, alinhada ao projeto pedagógico escolar, pode contemplar, no contexto yanomami de Maturacá/AM, práticas socioambientais? Como objetivo geral, analisar como a dimensão comunitária, alinhada ao projeto pedagógico escolar, pode contemplar, no contexto yanomami de Maturacá/AM, as práticas socioambientais. Teve como objetivos específicos, identificar dilemas e desafios, do seu universo cultural, que podem auxiliar na formação das novas gerações yanomami para uma maior consciência ecológica; levantar os desafios educativos, a partir do cotidiano da comunidade, de lideranças, professores e alunos e apontar estratégias pedagógicas presentes no Projeto Pedagógico da Escola Indígena Imaculada Conceição. Como metodologia, adotou-se a pesquisa de campo do tipo participante. Essa pesquisa, considera que os Yanomami apresentam limites, ambiguidades e dilemas em seu processo educativo. Entretanto, existe um sentido de pertença comunitária como caminho sociocomunitário para uma educação ecológica

Intoxicação por chá de Brugmansia suaveolens (trombeta de anjo) em paciente jovem previamente hígido: relato de caso

 Introdução: A Brugmansia suaveolens, conhecida como “trombeta de anjo,” é uma planta com alcaloides anticolinérgicos que provocam inibição da atividade de receptores muscarínicos no sistema nervoso central e periférico. Sua toxicidade resulta em agitação, alucinações, hipertermia, taquicardia, rabdomiolise, insuficiência renal e morte. Objetivo: Descrever um caso de intoxicação aguda por chá de trombeta, cursando com hepatite fulminante. Materiais e Métodos: Trata-se de um relato de caso, com dados clínicos e laboratoriais coletados a partir dos registros em prontuário. Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido foi obtido com familiar e o projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa. Relato de Caso: Masculino de 19 anos, saudável, internado por quadro de febre de 41°C e crises convulsivas tônico-clônicas generalizadas, evoluindo para intubação orotraqueal. Apresentava midríase fixa e rigidez de nuca. Família relata que o paciente tinha feito uso de chá de “trombeta de anjo”. À admissão, realizou tomografia computadorizada de crânio, que não evidenciou desvio de linha média, líquor sem alterações, gasometria arterial com acidose metabólica grave, insuficiência renal aguda com necessidade dialítica e insuficiência hepática aguda fulminante. Conclusões: A intoxicação pelo “chá de trombeta” é uma emergência neurológica que deve ser rapidamente reconhecida por ser potencialmente fatal. Tendo meningite como diagnóstico diferencial, é importante obter história clínica completa para investigar possível contato prévio com a planta. Para nosso conhecimento, esse é o primeiro caso a relatar quadro de hepatite fulminante pela “trombeta de anjo,” além dos sintomas neurológicos já descritos em literatura, o que corrobora ainda mais para a importância do tema em questão.INTRODUCTION: Brugmansia suaveolens, popularly known as “angel’s trumpet,” is a plant with anticholinergic alkaloids that inhibit the activity of muscarinic receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system. Its toxicity results in agitation, hallucinations, hyperthermia, tachycardia, rhabdomyolysis, renal failure, and death. OBJECTIVE: Report a case of acute intoxication due to ingestion of “angel’s trumpet” tea, with associated fulminant hepatitis. METHODS: We present a case report with clinical and laboratory data collected from medical records. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, and Written Informed Consent was obtained from a legally responsive relative. CASE REPORT: A healthy 19-year-old male was hospitalized with a fever of 41°C and generalized tonic-clonic seizures, progressing to orotracheal intubation. He exhibited fixed mydriasis and neck stiffness. We were informed by the family that the patient had made use of the tea from the “angel’s trumpet” plant. At admission, he performed a computerized cranial tomography, which showed no midline shift, cerebrospinal fluid without alterations, arterial blood gas analysis with severe metabolic acidosis, acute renal failure requiring dialysis, and fulminant acute liver failure. CONCLUSIONS: “Trumpet tea” intoxication is a neurological emergency that must be quickly recognized for its potential fatal effects. With meningitis as a differential diagnosis, it is important to collect a complete history taking to investigate possible previous contact with the plant. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of fulminant hepatitis caused by “angel’s trumpet,” in addition to the neurological symptoms already described in the literature, which further corroborates the importance of the topic in question

High anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody seroconversion rates before the second wave in Manaus, Brazil, and the protective effect of social behaviour measures: results from the prospective DETECTCoV-19 cohort

Background: The city of Manaus, Brazil, has seen two collapses of the health system due to the COVID-19 pandemic. We report anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibody seroconversion rates and associated risk factors in Manaus residents before the second wave of the epidemic in Brazil. Methods: A convenience sample of adult (aged ≥18 years) residents of Manaus was recruited through online and university website advertising into the DETECTCoV-19 study cohort. The current analysis of seroconversion included a subgroup of DETECTCoV-19 participants who had at least two serum sample collections separated by at least 4 weeks between Aug 19 and Oct 2, 2020 (visit 1), and Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020 (visit 2). Those who reported (or had no data on) having a COVID-19 diagnosis before visit 1, and who were positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at visit 1 were excluded. Using an in-house ELISA, the reactivity index (RI; calculated as the optical density ratio of the sample to the negative control) for serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies was measured at both visits. We calculated the incidence of seroconversion (defined as RI values ≤1·5 at visit 1 and ≥1·5 at visit 2, and a ratio >2 between the visit 2 and visit 1 RI values) during the study period, as well as incidence rate ratios (IRRs) through cluster-corrected and adjusted Poisson regression models to analyse associations between seroconversion and variables related to sociodemographic characteristics, health access, comorbidities, COVID-19 exposure, protective behaviours, and symptoms. Findings: 2496 DETECTCoV-19 cohort participants returned for a follow-up visit between Oct 19 and Nov 27, 2020, of whom 204 reported having COVID-19 before the first visit and 24 had no data regarding previous disease status. 559 participants were seropositive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid IgG antibodies at baseline. Of the remaining 1709 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 71 did not meet the criteria for seroconversion and were excluded from the analyses. Among the remaining 1638 participants who were seronegative at baseline, 214 showed seroconversion at visit 2. The seroconversion incidence was 13·06% (95% CI 11·52–14·79) overall and 6·78% (5·61–8·10) for symptomatic seroconversion, over a median follow-up period of 57 days (IQR 54–61). 48·1% of seroconversion events were estimated to be asymptomatic. The sample had higher proportions of affluent and higher-educated people than those reported for the Manaus city population. In the fully adjusted and corrected model, risk factors for seroconversion before visit 2 were having a COVID-19 case in the household (IRR 1·49 [95% CI 1·21–1·83]), not wearing a mask during contact with a person with COVID-19 (1·25 [1·09–1·45]), relaxation of physical distancing (1·31 [1·05–1·64]), and having flu-like symptoms (1·79 [1·23–2·59]) or a COVID-19 diagnosis (3·57 [2·27–5·63]) between the first and second visits, whereas working remotely was associated with lower incidence (0·74 [0·56–0·97]). Interpretation: An intense infection transmission period preceded the second wave of COVID-19 in Manaus. Several modifiable behaviours increased the risk of seroconversion, including non-compliance with non-pharmaceutical interventions measures such as not wearing a mask during contact, relaxation of protective measures, and non-remote working. Increased testing in high-transmission areas is needed to provide timely information about ongoing transmission and aid appropriate implementation of transmission mitigation measures. Funding: Ministry of Education, Brazil; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas; Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO.World Health OrganizationRevisión por pare

Identification of heavy-flavour jets with the CMS detector in pp collisions at 13 TeV

Many measurements and searches for physics beyond the standard model at the LHC rely on the efficient identification of heavy-flavour jets, i.e. jets originating from bottom or charm quarks. In this paper, the discriminating variables and the algorithms used for heavy-flavour jet identification during the first years of operation of the CMS experiment in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, are presented. Heavy-flavour jet identification algorithms have been improved compared to those used previously at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. For jets with transverse momenta in the range expected in simulated $\mathrm{t}\overline{\mathrm{t}}$ events, these new developments result in an efficiency of 68% for the correct identification of a b jet for a probability of 1% of misidentifying a light-flavour jet. The improvement in relative efficiency at this misidentification probability is about 15%, compared to previous CMS algorithms. In addition, for the first time algorithms have been developed to identify jets containing two b hadrons in Lorentz-boosted event topologies, as well as to tag c jets. The large data sample recorded in 2016 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV has also allowed the development of new methods to measure the efficiency and misidentification probability of heavy-flavour jet identification algorithms. The heavy-flavour jet identification efficiency is measured with a precision of a few per cent at moderate jet transverse momenta (between 30 and 300 GeV) and about 5% at the highest jet transverse momenta (between 500 and 1000 GeV)

Evidence for the Higgs boson decay to a bottom quark–antiquark pair

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Search for heavy resonances decaying to a top quark and a bottom quark in the lepton+jets final state in proton–proton collisions at 13 TeV

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe