Aloinjerto fresco de rótula y defectos osteocondrales

Introducción: Las lesiones condrales de la rótula son un reto para el cirujano, principalmente en pacientes jóvenes y activos. La mayoría de los defectos condrales de la rótula son lesiones superficiales y pueden ser manejadas con técnicas de preservación articular; sin embargo, las lesiones profundas pueden requerir otro tipo de manejo. El objetivo de este artículo es comunicar el tratamiento de defectos osteocondrales de la rótula en pacientes jóvenes, mediante la técnica de aloinjerto fresco de donante cadavérico. Materiales y Métodos: Se seleccionaron pacientes con dolor anterior de rodilla, lesión condral de la rótula grado IIIIV y que habían recibido o no algún tipo de manejo médico o quirúrgico. En estos pacientes, se usó un aloinjerto fresco de rótula con el fin de solucionar el cuadro y mejorar la función. Resultados: Todos los pacientes recuperaron la función y los arcos de movilidad, y no refirieron dolor. Se comprobó la integración del aloinjerto fresco al área receptora, sin evidencia de rechazos del tejido o infecciones. Conclusiones: El uso de aloinjerto fresco de rótula para tratar defectos osteocondrales amplios es una técnica quirúrgica valiosa, fácil de implementar, que no requiere una curva de aprendizaje extensa y que mejora considerablemente el dolor y la función en pacientes jóvenes. Nivel de Evidencia: I

Serovigilancia de enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación: una mirada desde la experiencia con la tosferina

Introduction: Serological surveillance (serosurveillance) provides the most direct measure of herd immunity of vaccine-preventable diseases. Little is known about the opportunities and challenges of serosurveillance experiences, particularly pertussis.Objective: To describe the process of serosurveillance for vaccine-preventable diseases with an emphasis on the experience of pertussis in the metropolitan area of Antioquia (Valle de Aburrá) in 2015 and 2016 and analyze the contributions and challenges for its sustainability.Materials and methods: We described the planning and conduction of serosurveillance of pertussis antibodies of mothers and in the umbilical cord at the time of delivery in eight hospitals based on random sampling and their capacity to advance the serosurveillance periodically. We compared the contributions and the challenges of this experience with other probabilistic and non-probabilistic programs.Results: We achieved the participation of hospitals and mothers respecting the delivery care process. We established a serum bank following ethical and technical guidelines. This program based on the random selection of hospitals and mothers has enabled the estimation of antibodies prevalence in mothers and in the umbilical cord, which has been possible given the high coverage of hospital care during childbirth at a lower cost and fewer risks than a population-based survey in conflictive areas. The main challenges for the sustainability of this program are the creation of stable jobs and access to funding and legal and methodological long-term frameworks.Conclusions: Hospital serosurveillance as described is an option to monitor the impact of vaccination on the population. Our experience could be reproduced in other regions under similar conditions if the above-mentioned challenges are solved.Introducción. La vigilancia serológica es la forma más directa de medir la inmunidad de rebaño frente a las enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación. Poco se sabe acerca de las oportunidades y los desafíos de las experiencias de serovigilancia, en general y, específicamente, la de la tosferina.Objetivo. Describir el proceso de serovigilancia de enfermedades prevenibles por vacunación con énfasis en la experiencia en el caso de la tosferina en el área metropolitana de Antioquia (Valle de Aburrá) en el 2015 y el 2016 y analizar lo que dicha experiencia ha aportado y los desafíos que persisten para su sostenibilidad.Materiales y métodos. Se describió el proceso de planeación y el desarrollo de la serovigilancia de tosferina en el momento del parto en ocho hospitales seleccionados al azar, así como la capacidad para adelantar el programa de manera periódica. Se compararon los aportes y los desafíos en el curso de esta experiencia con los de otros programas poblacionales probabilistas e institucionales no probabilistas.Resultados. Se logró la participación de los hospitales y de las madres con pleno respeto del proceso de atención del parto, y se conformó un banco de sueros siguiendo lineamientos éticos y técnicos. El programa permitió estimar la prevalencia de anticuerpos en la madre y en el cordón umbilical, lo que se facilitó por la alta cobertura de atención hospitalaria del parto, a un menor costo y menos riesgos que los programas poblacionales en zonas conflictivas. Los principales desafíos para la sostenibilidad del programa son la estabilidad laboral del personal de salud, así como normas y una financiación de largo plazo.Conclusiones. La serovigilancia hospitalaria es una opción para monitorizar el impacto poblacional de la vacunación. Esta experiencia se podría extender a otras regiones en condiciones similares si se resuelven los retos mencionados

La imagen y la narrativa como herramienta para el abordaje psicosocial en escenarios de violencia. Departamentos del Cesar y Magdalena

No aplicaA partir de la conexión entre memoria, subjetividad y violencia, el diplomado de profundización acompañamiento psicosocial en escenarios de violencia, incluye diversos conceptos relacionados con la praxis psicosocial, logrando desarrollar herramientas conceptuales, metodológicas y disciplinarias con pertinencia ética para el acompañamiento psicosocial del sufrimiento provocado en víctimas de violencia, así como el empoderamiento de recursos individuales y colectivos de afrontamiento, resiliencia, reconstrucción social y redes de apoyo para la superación de las condiciones relacionadas con la victimización. En psicología el enfoque narrativo ha posibilitado un importante camino reflexivo para el abordaje terapéutico y psicológico de la violencia sistémica, es fundamental reconocer aportes de los diversos contextos de la realidad sociopolítica, en el caso de Colombia se observan los emergentes psicosociales que se constataron en cada caso examinado, también la revisión y análisis de la condición de víctimas o sobrevivientes, lo que permite comprender y reflexionar sobre las implicaciones de la violencia, desde la experiencia personal de la protagonista en la historia se establece el impacto de lo bio-psico-socio-cultural. Los componentes simbólicos de los significados de violencia, resiliencia, experiencias de transformación y estrategias psicosociales con los pobladores del salado en el análisis de la Masacre en el salado. A través de los relatos de las víctimas se observa la traumática experiencia que vivieron los habitantes del salado cuando grupos armados se tomaron el pueblo, dejando devastación, humillación y graves violaciones a los derechos humanos, además de la resiliencia, los procesos de transformación y la superación de las cicatrices del pasado.Based on the connection between memory, subjectivity and violence, the Diploma for Deepening Psychosocial Accompaniment in Scenarios of Violence includes various concepts related to psychosocial praxis, managing to develop conceptual, methodological and disciplinary tools with ethical relevance for the psychosocial accompaniment of the suffering caused in victims of violence, as well as the empowerment of individual and collective resources for coping, resilience, social reconstruction, and support networks to overcome conditions related to victimization. In Psychology, the narrative approach has enabled an important reflective path for the therapeutic and psychological approach to systemic violence, it is essential to recognize contributions from the various contexts of our sociopolitical reality, in the case of Colombia, the psychosocial emergent that were verified in each case examined, also the review and analysis of the condition of victims or survivors, which allows us to understand and reflect on the implications of violence, from the personal experience of the protagonist in the story, the impact of the bio-psycho- socio-cultural, the symbolic components of the meanings of violence, resilience, transformation experiences and psychosocial strategies with the inhabitants of el Salado in the analysis of the Massacre in el Salado. Through the stories of the victims, the traumatic experience that the inhabitants of el Salado lived when armed groups took over the town is observed, leaving devastation, humiliation and serious violations of human rights, in addition to resilience, transformation processes and overcoming the scars of the past

International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortiu (INICC) report, data summary of 43 countries for 2007-2012. Device-associated module

We report the results of an International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) surveillance study from January 2007-December 2012 in 503 intensive care units (ICUs) in Latin America, Asia, Africa, and Europe. During the 6-year study using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) U.S. National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) definitions for device-associated health care–associated infection (DA-HAI), we collected prospective data from 605,310 patients hospitalized in the INICC's ICUs for an aggregate of 3,338,396 days. Although device utilization in the INICC's ICUs was similar to that reported from ICUs in the U.S. in the CDC's NHSN, rates of device-associated nosocomial infection were higher in the ICUs of the INICC hospitals: the pooled rate of central line–associated bloodstream infection in the INICC's ICUs, 4.9 per 1,000 central line days, is nearly 5-fold higher than the 0.9 per 1,000 central line days reported from comparable U.S. ICUs. The overall rate of ventilator-associated pneumonia was also higher (16.8 vs 1.1 per 1,000 ventilator days) as was the rate of catheter-associated urinary tract infection (5.5 vs 1.3 per 1,000 catheter days). Frequencies of resistance of Pseudomonas isolates to amikacin (42.8% vs 10%) and imipenem (42.4% vs 26.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates to ceftazidime (71.2% vs 28.8%) and imipenem (19.6% vs 12.8%) were also higher in the INICC's ICUs compared with the ICUs of the CDC's NHSN

Effects of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery: an international prospective cohort study an international prospective cohort study

We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care. We aimed to determine the impact of pre-operative isolation on postoperative pulmonary complications after elective surgery during the global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. We performed an international prospective cohort study including patients undergoing elective surgery in October 2020. Isolation was defined as the period before surgery during which patients did not leave their house or receive visitors from outside their household. The primary outcome was postoperative pulmonary complications, adjusted in multivariable models for measured confounders. Pre-defined sub-group analyses were performed for the primary outcome. A total of 96,454 patients from 114 countries were included and overall, 26,948 (27.9%) patients isolated before surgery. Postoperative pulmonary complications were recorded in 1947 (2.0%) patients of which 227 (11.7%) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Patients who isolated pre-operatively were older, had more respiratory comorbidities and were more commonly from areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence and high-income countries. Although the overall rates of postoperative pulmonary complications were similar in those that isolated and those that did not (2.1% vs 2.0%, respectively), isolation was associated with higher rates of postoperative pulmonary complications after adjustment (adjusted OR 1.20, 95%CI 1.05–1.36, p = 0.005). Sensitivity analyses revealed no further differences when patients were categorised by: pre-operative testing; use of COVID-19-free pathways; or community SARS-CoV-2 prevalence. The rate of postoperative pulmonary complications increased with periods of isolation longer than 3 days, with an OR (95%CI) at 4–7 days or ≥ 8 days of 1.25 (1.04–1.48), p = 0.015 and 1.31 (1.11–1.55), p = 0.001, respectively. Isolation before elective surgery might be associated with a small but clinically important increased risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. Longer periods of isolation showed no reduction in the risk of postoperative pulmonary complications. These findings have significant implications for global provision of elective surgical care