O ensino remoto em tempos de pandemia e o letramento digital de professores

O presente artigo aborda a formação de professores e os impactos do ensino remoto na prática docente, tendo como referência uma escola de educação básica de Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, com enfoque fenomenológico, que visa revelar a percepção dos professores diante da experiência vivida na pandemia. O estudo traz uma breve descrição do cenário educacional durante a pandemia no Tocantins, investiga a formação docente quanto ao conhecimento, acesso e uso de tecnologias digitais como ferramentas de ensino, e destaca impactos do ensino remoto na perspectiva dos professores. Dentre os resultados estão a identificação do nível de letramento digital dos professores e a aquisição de novos saberes para a inovação educacional a partir da pandemia

Interação prometazina-mitocôndria em sarcosoma isolado de coração de cobaia

The uptake of prometazine by sarcosome suspensions of guinea pig heart was studied by colorimetric and spectrophotometric methods. It was shown that in systems containing known concentrations of prometazine and protein, a disappearance of the former occurs, which is directly proportional to the amount of protein; this is understandable, since in systems containing varying amounts of prometazine it was possible to demonstrate a saturation effect of the sarcosome suspension.Pela determinação colorimétrica e espectrofotométrica da prometazina, são estudadas as correlações entre êsse composto e suspensões de sarcosoma isolado de coração de cobaia. Verificou-se que em sistemas com concentração conhecida de prometazina e de proteína, ocorre o desaparecimento de prometazina, fenômeno que é diretamente proporcional à concentração de proteína, já que em sistemas com variadas concentrações de prometazina, foi possível determinar um efeito de saturação da suspensão de sarcosoma

Desnaturação da actomiosina de músculo estriado de coelho pela prometazina

Interaction between Promethazine and contractile proteins prepared from rabbit striated muscle has been studied by methods based on the fact that the phenothiazinic compound acting upon actiomiosine causes a physical change in the protein, which results in the loss of the capability of changing from the F to the G forms. Measurements have been carried out on the effect of Promethazine to cause turbidity when added to a solution of actomiosine G. Furthermore, it has been shown that actiomiosine F is able to remove Promethazine from a solution to which both actomiosine F and Promethazine have been added in suitable preparations. When a solution of actiomiosine G is dropped over the surface of a column of distilled water, it changes to the F form showing a well round shapped and limited drop. However, when actomiosine G is previously treated with Promethazine in suitable concentrations, and it is dropped over the surface of a column of water, the drop of actomiosin F becomes shapeless by loosing its physical form. A method, called the “drop method” has been devised in order to quantitate this phenomenon due to the fact that such physical changes in the properties of actomiosine F are related to two parameters: the concentration of Promethazine and the height from which the dropping is carried out on the water surface.O artigo apresenta resumo em inglês

MÉTODO PARA O ESTUDO DOS EFEITOS PRODUZIDOS POR HERBICIDAS HETEROAUXÍNICOS CLOROFENOXIACÉTICOS SOBRE OS MECANISMOS DA ABSORÇÃO INTESTINAL E DO TRANSPORTE ATIVO

Estudos de desastres ecológicos ocorridos nos rios Miranda e Betione (MS) e na baia de Guaraqueçaba (PR), causando grande mortandade de peixes, foram identificados como tendo sido causados por herbicidas heteroauxínicos diclorofenoxiacéticos. Foi desenvolvida, então, no presente trabalho, metodologia destinada a avaliar, no intestino delgado de vertebrados, particularmente de peixes e de mamíferos, as modificações que podem ocorrer nos mecanismos da absorção e do transporte ativo da alça intestinal funcionante submetida aos efeitos de herbicidas heteroauxínicos. Abstract Dichlorophenoxyacetic heteroauxinic herbicides were identified as the chemical agressors responsible for the 1986 environmental impacts at Miranda and Betione rivers (MS) and 1988 at Guaraqueçaba bay (PR). A special methodology has been then developed aiming to evaluate the effect of such chemical agressors on the mechanisms of absorption and active transport by the small intestine of vertebrates, mainly fish and mammals

Cardiovascular risk in children and adolescents with end stage renal disease

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate cardiovascular involvement in children and adolescents with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and to characterize the main risk factors associated with this outcome. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of 69 children and adolescents at renal transplantation and 33 healthy individuals matched by age and gender. The study outcomes were left ventricular mass z-score (LVMZ) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (CIMT). The potential risk factors considered were age, gender, CKD etiology, use of oral vitamin D and calcium-based phosphate binders, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, body mass index z-score, time since diagnosis, dialysis duration, serum levels of ionic calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, fibroblast growth factor (FGF 23), uric acid, homocysteine, cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein (CRP), vitamin D and hemoglobin. RESULTS: In the multivariate analysis, the factors associated with LVMZ were dialysis duration, age, systolic blood pressure, serum hemoglobin and HDL cholesterol levels. Regarding CIMT, in the multivariate analysis, systolic blood pressure was the only factor associated with the outcome. CONCLUSION: Children exhibited important cardiovascular involvement at the time of the renal transplantation. Both of the studied outcomes were independently associated with systolic blood pressure. For this reason, controlling blood pressure seems to be the main therapy to minimize cardiovascular involvement in children with ESRD

Design and baseline characteristics of the finerenone in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in diabetic kidney disease trial

Background: Among people with diabetes, those with kidney disease have exceptionally high rates of cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality and progression of their underlying kidney disease. Finerenone is a novel, nonsteroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist that has shown to reduce albuminuria in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) while revealing only a low risk of hyperkalemia. However, the effect of finerenone on CV and renal outcomes has not yet been investigated in long-term trials. Patients and Methods: The Finerenone in Reducing CV Mortality and Morbidity in Diabetic Kidney Disease (FIGARO-DKD) trial aims to assess the efficacy and safety of finerenone compared to placebo at reducing clinically important CV and renal outcomes in T2D patients with CKD. FIGARO-DKD is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, event-driven trial running in 47 countries with an expected duration of approximately 6 years. FIGARO-DKD randomized 7,437 patients with an estimated glomerular filtration rate >= 25 mL/min/1.73 m(2) and albuminuria (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio >= 30 to <= 5,000 mg/g). The study has at least 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the risk of the primary outcome (overall two-sided significance level alpha = 0.05), the composite of time to first occurrence of CV death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or hospitalization for heart failure. Conclusions: FIGARO-DKD will determine whether an optimally treated cohort of T2D patients with CKD at high risk of CV and renal events will experience cardiorenal benefits with the addition of finerenone to their treatment regimen. Trial Registration: EudraCT number: 2015-000950-39; ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02545049

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Estudos Sobre Leishmaniose: I. Primeiros Casos de Leishmaniose Espontânea Observados em Cobáios

The author describes the first cases of spontaneous leishmaniasis in guinea-pigs, as verified for the first time, in Curitiba, at the Institute of Biology and Technological Research. Studying the inoculability of Paracoccidioide brasiliensis in guinea-pigs, he found animals which presented tumoral lesions in the ears and peritesticular skin. The examination of these tumors, mixed with a small drop of Giemsa's original solution, plus the exam of the rubbings of the same material, coloured by the May-Grunwald Giemsa after fixation by Heidenhein's solution and the histological exams of the cuts in the tumoral lesions revealed the presence of elements which possessed the same morphology and aspect of the LEISHMAN-DONOVANI corpuscles. In the meanwhile, a parasitosis by protozoarians of the Leishmania variety might have been suspected, because large macrophagi could be seen in the histological cuts, all parazitized, identical with those which are found in other cutaneous leishmaniosis. The author then proceeds to the experimental study of the sickness, first by endeavouring to obtain material for the inoculation and cultures, by means of punctures in the tumors. Part of the product of the punctures was sown in N. N. N. medium and part inoculated in other guinea-pigs. After the third day the cultures presented the flagellated forms of the parasite, free or grouped in rosettes in the culture liquid. All the guinea-pigs inoculated with part of the material obtained by puncturing and with the liquids of the cultures, reproduced the tumors found in the animals spontaneously infected. With a view to reproducing the same features of generalization which were observed in other experimental animals, with other strains of leishmania, new animals were inoculated after having been tarred and blocked in order to attempt the breaking down of possible natural resistences, which proved unnecessary, however, for the generalization went on of itself naturally and without artifice. Inoculations were made by the subcutaneous, intraperitonial, intrasplenic, intramedular, intracerebral and endovenous channels and by instillation in the conjunctive, in those guinea-pigs which received subcutaneous inoculations, the incubation period varied between 11 and 15 days, this period being longer when the internal channels were used, when it was generally one or two months before the lesions appeared. When the lesions are on the skin or when the inoculation is done there, the first manifestations of lesions are characterized by a slight thickening of the subcutaneous tissue, which, little by little, becomes more consistent, giving place to a tumoral growth which attains great volume and characterizes the most developed phase. The lesions, when metastatic, are localized mostly in the tegumentary extremities and periarticular zones, having the same appearance as the lesions observed by other researchers who have studied the infection of hamsters, mice and dogs infected by L. donovani, L. infantum and L. tropica. The experiments carried out in all the tumoral lesions in guinea-pigs, were positive for leishmania, where they were found free in the tissues or parasitizing large macrophagi. At times the tumors ulcerate and become covered with a crusty layer, easily detachable, covering a rosy surface of granulomatosis aspect. The spleen and lymphatic ganglia are the internal organs which most react, hypertrophy always being present, and it has been possible to re-isolate the parasite of these organs as well as those of the liver, suprarenal, testicle, medulla of the bones and cardiac blood. A series of sixty guinea-pigs were inoculated in the skin of the nose and sacrificed within anything from a few minutes' up to twenty-four hours' interval. The material obtained from these animals was fixed in Bouin-Hollande, included in paraffin and coloured by hematoxilin-eosine and Maxinow's hematoxilin-azur II-eosine. The study of the histological cuts in the different periods of evolution showed that the inflammatory process passes through a series of modifications which start by an acute inflammatory phase followed by a simple granulomatosis phase, finally followed by another characterized exclusively by large parasitized macrophagi - the macrophagi phase. During the period of evolution of the inflammatory lesion, the infiltrative phenomena are constant and are at first constituted of granulocited neutrophils, eosinophils and mononuclear cells, followed by a preponderance of monocytes and lastly by the sole presence of large parasitized macrophagi. The author compares his findings in the guinea-pigs with those in other animals inoculated with different strain of Leishmania, calling attention to a real dermatropism of the parasite under study to its dissemination through the lymphatic channels and to the histologycal lesions identical to those other leishmaniosis, principally by those produced by L. tropica

O ensino remoto em tempos de pandemia e o letramento digital de professores

O presente artigo aborda a formação de professores e os impactos do ensino remoto na prática docente, tendo como referência uma escola de educação básica de Palmas, Tocantins, Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo, com enfoque fenomenológico, que visa revelar a percepção dos professores diante da experiência vivida na pandemia. O estudo traz uma breve descrição do cenário educacional durante a pandemia no Tocantins, investiga a formação docente quanto ao conhecimento, acesso e uso de tecnologias digitais como ferramentas de ensino, e destaca impactos do ensino remoto na perspectiva dos professores. Dentre os resultados estão a identificação do nível de letramento digital dos professores e a aquisição de novos saberes para a inovação educacional a partir da pandemia