Importância do método de gota espessa de sangue no diagnóstico de filárias simpátricas no Amazonas, Brasil

In this work, the visual diagnostic methods for human filarias in the blood are evaluated. The thick blood film method is more faithful to identify the microfilariae species if compared to policarbonate membrane filtration and Knott methods, especially in areas where more than one species occur, as in Amazon basin. Slides with Mansonella ozzardi microfilariae were mounted and photographed by different diagnosis methods. The thick blood film method is much easier to see the diagnostic morphological characters as cephalic and caudal space, pattern of nucleation of the tail and tail shape that can separate the blood Amazonian microfilariae species

Mansonella ozzardi in Amazonas, Brazil: Prevalence and distribution in the municipality of Coari, in the middle Solimões River

This study investigated some epidemiological aspects of the Mansonella ozzardi in municipality of Coari, Amazonas. Clinical symptoms were correlated with the filarial infection and the parasitic infection rates (PIR) were estimated in simuliid vectors. The general M. ozzardi human prevalence rate was 13.3% (231/1733), of which 10.2% (109/1069) were from the urban area and 18.4% (122/664) from the rural area. The prevalence rates were higher in men (14.5% urban and 19.7% rural) than in women (6.7% urban and 17.2% rural) and occurred in most age groups. The indices of microfilaremics were higher in people ≥ 51 years old (26.9% urban and 61.5% rural). High prevalence rates were observed in retired people (27.1% urban area), housewives and farmer (41.6% and 25%, respectively, in rural area). The main clinical symptoms were joint pains and sensation of leg coldness. Only Cerqueirellum argentiscutum (Simuliidae) transmits M. ozzardi in this municipality (PIR = 5.6% urban and 7.1% rural). M. ozzardi is a widely distributed parasitic disease in Coari. Thus, temporary residency in the region of people from other localities involved with the local gas exploitation might be a contributing factor in spreading the disease

Inglês (US)

The composition and potential hosts of mycophagous Drosophilidae from a section of the Brazilian Amazon forest in the Caxiuanã National forest were investigated. Sampling was performed in three different periods at long the wet season (January (beginning) and July (end) 2013 and May (middle) 2014). The samples were collected from existing trails by actively searching for fungal fruiting bodies where Drosophilidae were present. We present composition and richness analysis over two years of sampling sampling Drosophilidae and Fungi. We evaluate sampling completeness using asymptotic species richness estimators. Out of 159 fruiting body samples and 64 fungal species, 5,124 drosophilids belonging to 55 species and 5 genera were collected. The mycophagous Drosophilidae richness values estimated by Jackknife 1 and Bootstrap were 69 and 61, respectively. The estimated fly richness correlated positively with fungal richness and abundance. Among the Drosophilidae species identified in this study, approximately 5% represent new occurrences for Brazil and 56% represent new species. Four genera belonging to the Zygothrica genus group are found in the Amazon region, and these genera represent 80% of the fungus-associated fauna known to date for the tropics. In conclusion, our results show that the fungal richness and abundance were the factors that determined the high diversity of mycophagous Drosophilidae

Inglês (US)

The composition and potential hosts of mycophagous Drosophilidae from a section of the Brazilian Amazon forest in the Caxiuanã National forest were investigated. Sampling was performed in three different periods at long the wet season (January (beginning) and July (end) 2013 and May (middle) 2014). The samples were collected from existing trails by actively searching for fungal fruiting bodies where Drosophilidae were present. We present composition and richness analysis over two years of sampling sampling Drosophilidae and Fungi. We evaluate sampling completeness using asymptotic species richness estimators. Out of 159 fruiting body samples and 64 fungal species, 5,124 drosophilids belonging to 55 species and 5 genera were collected. The mycophagous Drosophilidae richness values estimated by Jackknife 1 and Bootstrap were 69 and 61, respectively. The estimated fly richness correlated positively with fungal richness and abundance. Among the Drosophilidae species identified in this study, approximately 5% represent new occurrences for Brazil and 56% represent new species. Four genera belonging to the Zygothrica genus group are found in the Amazon region, and these genera represent 80% of the fungus-associated fauna known to date for the tropics. In conclusion, our results show that the fungal richness and abundance were the factors that determined the high diversity of mycophagous Drosophilidae

O ESPORTE NO CURRÍCULO DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR: UM ESTUDO DE REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA NOS PERIÓDICOS DA CAPES

This study deals with sport in the Physical Education at School (EFIE) curriculum, the research problem is: How does sport manifest itself in the Physical Education at School curriculum? The research aims to understand the sport in the EFIE curriculum from a qualitative study of bibliographic review in the periodicals of the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). The search was made from the descriptors Physical Education at School, Curriculum and Sport. We analyze the texts to check the centrality of the descriptors in scientific production. The informations show that the EFIE has been developed in the curriculum, has the sport as competition, training and performance as predominant content. It is concluded from the perspective of the authors that the sport has manifested itself in the curriculum of the Physical Education at School as an element few critical and reflective.El presente estudio aborda el deporte en el currículo de educación física escolar, se presenta como problema de búsqueda: ¿cómo el deporte se manifiesta en el currículo de la educación física de la escuela? La investigación pretende entender el deporte en el currículo regulador de un estudio cualitativo de la revisión de la literatura en los diarios de la Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Una búsqueda de descriptores: educación física, currículo y el deporte. El proceso fue analizar textos para comprobar hacia fuera de la centralidad de descriptores en la producción científica. Entre la información recopilada, el regulador que se ha desarrollado en el currículo, juega con la idea de competiciones deportivas, la práctica y el rendimiento, como el contenido predominante. Conclusión desde la perspectiva de los autores que el deporte se ha manifestado en el currículo de educación física escolar como poco crítico y reflexivo.O presente estudo trata do esporte no currículo da Educação Física Escolar (EFIE), no qual apresenta como problema de pesquisa: Como o esporte se manifesta no currículo da Educação Física Escolar? A pesquisa tem por objetivo compreender o esporte no currículo da EFIE a partir de um estudo qualitativo de revisão bibliográfica nos periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Deste modo, realizou-se uma busca a partir dos descritores Educação Física Escolar, Currículo e Esporte. O processo seguinte foi analisar os textos para conferir a centralidade dos descritores na produção científica. Dentre as informações coletadas, destaca-se que a EFIE que vem sendo desenvolvida no currículo, reproduz no esporte a ideia da competição, do treino e do rendimento, como conteúdo predominante. Conclui-se através da perspectiva dos autores que o esporte tem se manifestado no currículo da Educação Física escolar como um elemento pouco crítico e reflexivo

Metastatic Pelvic Osteosarcoma in a Dog

Background: Osteosarcomas are malignant neoplasms of bone tissue, with a high prevalence in dogs, especially in large and giant breeds. More commonly, such alterations affect the appendicular skeleton and, to a lesser extent, the axial skeleton. In order to obtain an accurate diagnosis, it is necessary to combine cytological and histopathological findings with clinical parameters, imaging exams and macroscopic findings. In the present study, we report a rare case of combined-type pelvic osteosarcoma with pulmonary metastasis in a dog.Case: A 5-year-old intact large male dog of mixed breed, was submitted to clinical care because of an increase in volume of the left perineal region.  The cytological evaluation, performed without imaging exams, indicated that it was an undifferentiated sarcoma. An incisional biopsy defined the diagnosis as telangiectatic osteosarcoma, and with progressive clinical worsening, the patient died. Necroscopic examination revealed multiple nodules in the lungs and an irregular mass with a hard to friable consistency. The mass was intensely vascularised and extended craniodorsally from the left ischial tuberosity to the base of the renal fossa. Microscopically, the neoplasm was diagnosed as combined osteosarcoma, consisting of the osteoblastic, chondroblastic, and telangiectatic subtypes. Metastases with a predominance of the chondroblastic subtype were observed in the lungs.Discussion: This is the first report of combined-type canine osteosarcoma in the ischium. The case reported here is unusual, as there are few reports of canine osteosarcoma in the pelvic bones, and there is no concrete information regarding its histological appearance. Osteosarcoma is the most common bone neoplasm in dogs, representing up to 80% of the tumours found in such organs. In the present case, the dog was a large young adult with a higher probability of neoplasm development. A cytopathological examination is a diagnostic method with good sensitivity and specificity that can confirm osteosarcomas. However, in this case, the cytological diagnosis, performed without the information from the imaging exam, indicated that it was an undifferentiated sarcoma, given the impossibility of the architectural assessment of the lesion. Biopsy samples sent for histology may not be representative of the entire tumour, leading to misclassification of the histological type. Therefore, the evaluation of fragments from various sites of the lesions is recommended. Regarding the morphology of osteosarcomas, such neoplasms have the osteoblastic, chondroblastic, fibroblastic, telangiectatic, large cell, and poorly differentiated subtypes. With regard to tumours located in the axial skeleton, no studies have assessed the predominance of a particular morphological type, as well as the incidence of combined-type masses in dogs in this particular location. Such neoplasms are locally aggressive and have a high metastatic potential, with the lungs being the main location for implantation of neoplastic cells. There is no proven evidence of the correlation between morphological presentations and the presence of metastases from osteosarcomas in dogs. The histological type is not a predictive factor for the behaviour of the neoplasm. However, the anatomical location is considered as one of the factors with the greatest influence on the prognosis and metastatic potential. Rib masses are associated with a higher rate of metastases compared to others. The definitive diagnosis of osteosarcomas and its correct subclassification are of great importance in the prognosis of affected patients. These require an approach that considers the clinical findings, imaging examinations, and macroscopic and microscopic alterations. Keywords: bone, canine, cytopathology, histopathology, neoplasm.Título: Osteossarcoma pélvico metastático em cão Descritores: canino, citopatologia, histopatologia, neoplasia, osso

SUPERJOY : A CRIAÇÃO DE UM GAME PARA ALFABETIZAÇÃO NA PÓS-PANDEMIA

This work presents the process of building the Educational Game Super Joy, aimed at helping public school students who have difficulties to become literate, as a result of the social isolation that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic. This production is an integral part of the ongoing research “Alfabeclicando: Reforço Escolar de Alfabetização with Use of Educational Games”, which is being developed by the Instituto Superior de Educação do Rio de Janeiro (ISERJ), linked to the Fundação de Apoio à Escola Técnica do Estado of Rio de Janeiro (FAETEC) and the Municipal Department of Education of Rio de Janeiro (SME/RJ), represented by its unit Ginásio Experimental Tecnológico (GET) Elza Soares, with support from the Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support of the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ). As partial results, we observed that the proposal to build games with and for children has proved to be an effective pedagogical strategy in the elaboration of a school reinforcement that does not reproduce traditional activities, but seeks to offer them innovative and meaningful learning. As partial results we have: the elaboration of the two fundamental guidelines for the creation of Educational Games of Literacy in Research, which are: 1. There must be a balance between the pedagogical aspects and the technical aspects in the produced games and 2. The Games production process Educational must contain spaces of authorship for children to participate in its elaboration.Este trabalho apresenta o processo de construção do Game Educativo Super Joy, destinado a ajudar alunos do ensino público que apresentam dificuldades para se alfabetizarem, em consequência do isolamento social ocorrido durante a pandemia de Covid-19. Esta produção é parte integrante da Pesquisa em andamento “Alfabeclicando: Reforço Escolar de Alfabetização com Uso de Games Educativos”, que está sendo desenvolvida pelo Instituto Superior de Educação do Rio de Janeiro (ISERJ), vinculado à Fundação de Apoio à Escola Técnica do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAETEC) e a Secretaria Municipal de Educação do Rio de Janeiro (SME/RJ), representada pela sua unidade Ginásio Experimental Tecnológico (GET)  Elza Soares, com apoio da Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ). Como resultados parciais, observamos que a proposta de construção de games com e para crianças tem se mostrado como uma estratégia pedagógica eficaz na elaboração de um reforço escolar que não reproduza atividades tradicionais, mas que busque oferecer a elas aprendizagens inovadoras e significativas. Como resultados parciais temos: a elaboração das duas diretrizes fundamentais para a criação de Games Educativos de Alfabetização na Pesquisa, que são: 1. Deve haver equilíbrio entre os aspectos pedagógicos e os aspectos técnicos nos games produzidos e 2. O processo de produção dos Games Educativos deve conter espaços de autoria para as crianças participarem de sua elaboração

One or two ligatures inducing periodontitis are sufficient to cause fatty liver

Periodontitis is a chronic disease that due to an intense inflammatory response triggers systemic changes such as hepatic alterations. This study aimed to compare hepatic damage in rats that received experimental periodontitis at one or two periodontal sites with ligatures. Eighteen rats were separated into three groups: control, without ligature; periodontitis 1, with one ligature; and periodontitis 2, with two ligatures. The following parameters were assessed: gingival bleeding index, probing pocket depth, tooth mobility, alveolar bone loss, malondialdehyde (MDA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in periodontal tissue; histopathological evaluation of hepatic tissue (steatosis score); glutathione levels (GSH), MDA, MPO, cholesterol and triglycerides in the liver; and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Periodontal evaluation data showed that the periodontitis model worked well. The groups with periodontitis did not differ significantly in relation to MPO activity and MDA levels in the gingival samples, but they were significantly different when compared with the control group. Steatosis was observed in the histological analysis of the groups with periodontitis, but between the periodontitis groups, two ligatures did not cause increase in steatosis score. The levels of GSH, MDA, total cholesterol and triglycerides in the hepatic tissue were not altered between groups with periodontitis, but they showed significant differences in comparison with the control group. The activity of MPO in hepatic tissue and serum levels of AST and ALT did not present significant difference among the three groups. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that one or two ligatures inducing periodontitis were both sufficient to cause fatty liver. Steatosis caused by two ligatures did not present larger extension and severity than steatosis caused by one ligature

AVALIAÇÃO MICROBIOLÓGICA NO LEITE DE VACA in natura E PASTEURIZADO COMERCIALIZADO NA CIDADE DE TUCURUÍ, PARÁ

The objective of this work is to evaluate microbiological parameters of milk and veal marketed in the city of Tucuruí, in the state of Pará. To this, were made analysis of total coliform, coliform organisms, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus spp. of 14 samples (seven pasteurized and seven in natura). The methods used for the microbiological analysis were according to Resolution RDC nº 12, of January 2, 2001 of the National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance, in line with the parameters proposed by the American Public Health Association. For total coliforms, the pasteurized milk presented six samples with values of <0,3 NMP/mL and only one with value 20 NMP/mL; already the milk in natura presented values that varied between 43 NMP/ mL to 1100 NMP/mL. For coliform organisms, all of the samples of milk pasteurized were with the value <0,3 NM/mL; for samples of milk in natura, the values were between <0,3 NMP/mL and 1100 NMP/mL. For Salmonella, of the 14 samples analyzed, only one of milk in natura showed positive result for this parameter. For Staphylococcus spp., only three samples of pasteurized milk were positive, with results of 2x10 UFC/mL to 8x10 UFC/mL; for the milk in natura, all of the samples were positive, with results between 2,5x102 UFC/mL to 8,8x104. With this, the results indicate that there is still need for improvement in the standardization of this raw material and in the techniques even more effective handling of milk in the municipality of Tucuruí, Pará.Keywords: Hygiene; Standardization; Beef.Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar os parâmetros microbiológicos do leite bovino comercializado na cidade de Tucuruí, no estado do Pará. Para isso, foram feitas análises de coliformes totais, coliformes termotolerantes, Salmonella sp. e Staphylococcus spp. de 14 amostras (sete pasteurizadas e sete in natura). Os métodos aplicados para as análises microbiológicas foram segundo a Resolução RDC nº 12, de 2 de janeiro de 2001 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, em consonância com os parâmetros propostos pela American Public Health Association. Para coliformes totais, o leite pasteurizado apresentou seis amostras com valores de <0,3 NMP/mL e somente uma com valor de 20 NMP/mL; já o leite in natura apresentou valores que variaram entre 43 NMP/ mL à 1100 NMP/mL. Para coliformes termotolerantes, todas as amostras de leite pasteurizados estavam com o valor <0,3 NM/mL; para amostras de leite in natura, os valores ficaram entre <0,3 NMP/mL e 1100 NMP/mL. Para Salmonella, das 14 amostras analisadas, somente uma de leite in natura demonstrou resultado positivo para este parâmetro. Para Staphylococcus spp., somente três amostras de leite pasteurizado foram positivas, com resultados de 2x10 UFC/mL a 8x10 UFC/mL; para o leite in natura, todas as amostras foram positivas, com resultados entre 2,5x102 UFC/mL à 8,8x104. Com isso, os resultados indicam que ainda há necessidade de melhoramento na padronização dessa matéria-prima e em técnicas ainda mais eficazes de manipulação do leite no município de Tucuruí, Pará.Palavras-chave: Higienização, padronização, bovinocultura

Condições que colaboram para que um estudante seja bem sucedido: uma análise a partir da Olimpíada Mineira de Química.

Estudantes da educação básica, de maneira geral, apresentam resistência à aprendizagem química, alegando que se tratam de conhecimentos difíceis e pouco aplicáveis. Porém, ao realizarmos a Olimpíada Mineira de Química, observamos que alguns estudantes apresentam excelente desempenho, ou seja, aprendem química. Com o objetivo de investigarmos alguns fatores que podem influenciar nessa aprendizagem, desenvolvemos o presente trabalho. Observamos que a condição econômica das famílias desses estudantes parece não exercer grande influência na aprendizagem, ficando mais relacionado com as horas semanais de dedicação aos estudos, com a leitura que costumam fazer e com a formação dos pais desses estudantes