An Sp1 Modulated Regulatory Region Unique to Higher Primates Regulates Human Androgen Receptor Promoter Activity in Prostate Cancer Cells

Funding: This work was supported by the Chief Scientist’s Office (CSO) of the Scottish Government (http://www.cso.scot.nhs.uk/): CWH (CZB-4-477) and IH (ETM/382).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Negative regulation of the androgen receptor gene through a primate specific androgen response element present in the 5' UTR

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited. Acknowledgements This work was supported by funding from the Chief Scientist Office, Government of Scotland (Grant Nos CZB/4/477 and ETM/258). DNL was supported by the Association for International Cancer Research (Grant No. 03–127)Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Mechanistic insights into steroid hormone-mediated regulation of the androgen receptor gene

We wish to thank the Aberdeen qPCR core facility for invaluable assistance in experimental design and execution. We would also like to thank Professors P. Saunders (University of Edinburgh), K.Dahlman-Wright (Karolinska Institute) and D.Edwards (Baylor College of Medicine) for providing expression plasmids for ERα, ERβ and PR-A/B respectively. For the purpose of open access, the author has applied a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) [or other appropriate open licence] licence to any Author Accepted Manuscript version arising from this submission.Peer reviewe

Tissue control of androgen action : The ups and downs of androgen receptor expression

Work in the McEwan Laboratory is funded by the Chief Scientist Office of Scottish Government: Grants ETM-258 and ETM-382. BE is supported by an Erasmus scholarship.Peer reviewedPostprin

Synthesis and Evaluation of Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Androgen Receptor N-Terminal Domain

Acknowledgments We thank Craig Irving for his assistance with NMR spectroscopy and Pat Keating, Dr. Jessica Bame, and Dr. Graeme Anderson for their assistance with HRMS.Peer reviewe

Current and emerging approaches to noncompetitive AR inhibition

The Androgen Receptor (AR) has been shown to be a key determinant in the pathogenesis of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Current standard of care therapies target the ligand-binding domain of the receptor, and afford improvements to life expectancy often only in the order of months before resistance occurs. Emerging preclinical and clinical compounds that inhibit receptor activity via differentiated mechanisms of action which are orthogonal to current anti-androgens show promise for overcoming treatment resistance. In this review we present an authoritative summary of molecules that non-competitively target the AR. Emerging small molecule strategies for targeting alternative domains of the AR represent a promising area of research that shows significant potential future therapies. The overall quality of lead candidates in the area of non-competitive AR inhibition is discussed, and identifies the key chemotypes and associated properties which are likely to be, or are currently, positioned for first in human applications

Availability of breastfeeding peer support in the United Kingdom: A cross-sectional study

Peer support is recommended by the World Health Organization for the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding, and this recommendation is included in United Kingdom (U.K.) guidance. There is a lack of information about how, when, and where breastfeeding peer support was provided in the U.K. We aimed to generate an overview of how peer support is delivered in the U.K. and to gain an understanding of challenges for implementation. We surveyed all U.K. infant feeding coordinators (n = 696) who were part of U.K.‐based National Infant Feeding Networks, covering 177 National Health Service (NHS) organisations. We received 136 responses (individual response rate 19.5%), covering 102 U.K. NHS organisations (organisational response rate 58%). We also searched NHS organisation websites to obtain data on the presence of breastfeeding peer support. Breastfeeding peer support was available in 56% of areas. However, coverage within areas was variable. The provision of training and ongoing supervision, and peer‐supporter roles, varied significantly between services. Around one third of respondents felt that breastfeeding peer‐support services were not well integrated with NHS health services. Financial issues were commonly reported to have a negative impact on service provision. One quarter of respondents stated that breastfeeding peer support was not accessed by mothers from poorer social backgrounds. Overall, there was marked variation in the provision of peer‐support services for breastfeeding in the U.K. A more robust evidence base is urgently needed to inform guidance on the structure and provision of breastfeeding peer‐support services.National Institute for Health Researc