O jogo na escola: um retrato das aulas de Educação Física de uma 5ª série

Since the beginning of Physical Education entrance in the brazilin public schools, the game has been frequently used as content, and in the course of time that practice seems to be intensified. In spite of many approaches of different purposes to justify its pedagogic usefulness, the game has been used as an indiscriminate way due to the fascination that it provides to the students. The present research searches for a description and analysis of children’s (10-12 years old) attitudes behaviors in games, on Physical Education classes, inside a public school. The study was accomplished with the researcher also attending as a teacher (action research). For the accomplishment of the study 55 children were filmed in four different games, of different kinds (exposed, transformed, and spontaneous). The classes’ description and analysis were focused in the attitude axis and it was defined four topics for the discussion: Conflicts, Respect of rules, Expressiveness, and Competitiveness. The relationship between the individual with the game and its culture were pointed as the main characteristics in the configuration of the ludicrous activity atmosphere. It was also possible to observe specific situations of this relationship, once the games were limited to the social games (Piaget category), in a school atmosphere where children have students roles. Due to the obtained results, the study proposes a reflexive practice in which the students notice their own attitudes and try to adapt the game to their needs and not he other way around. In this perspective, the teacher has an important mediator roll, once he will be responsible to point out the students' difficulties and promote discussions in favor to provide teamwork.O presente trabalho, realizado por meio de uma pesquisa-ação, isto é, o pesquisador atuando também como professor, descreve e analisa as atitudes e comportamentos de crianças entre 10 e 12 anos de idade, na prática de um conjunto de jogos de regras, dentro de um ambiente escolar da rede pública, de Itapevi em SP, nas aulas de Educação Física. Para a realização do estudo foram filmadas 55 crianças participantes em quatro diferentes jogos, de naturezas distintas: jogo exposto, transformado e espontâneo. A descrição e análise das aulas focalizaram as atitudes, definindo-se quatro tópicos para discussão: conflitos, cumprimento de regras, expressividade e competitividade. A relação do indivíduo com o jogo e a cultura foram aqui apontados como as principais características na configuração do ambiente da atividade lúdica. Observaram-se também algumas situações específicas dessa relação, na medida em que o jogo restringiu-se aos jogos de regras (sociais), no ambiente escolar onde o indivíduo é representado no papel social de aluno. Diante dos resultados obtidos, o estudo propõe uma reflexão na qual os alunos sejam levados a perceber suas atitudes, e procurem adaptar o jogo às suas necessidades e não o inverso. Nessa perspectiva, o professor tem um importante papel de mediador, cabendo a ele apontar as dificuldades dos alunos e promover discussões que favoreçam esse trabalho coletivo

Hierarchical CoSaMP for compressively sampled sparse signals with nested structure

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Anemia and brain oxygen after severe traumatic brain injury

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between hemoglobin (Hgb) and brain tissue oxygen tension (PbtO2) after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to examine its impact on outcome. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort of severe TBI patients whose PbtO2 was monitored. The relationship between Hgb—categorized into four quartiles (≤9; 9-10; 10.1-11; >11g/dl)—and PbtO2 was analyzed using mixed-effects models. Anemia with compromised PbtO2 was defined as episodes of Hgb≤9g/dl with simultaneous PbtO211g/dl as the reference level, and controlling for important physiologic covariates (CPP, PaO2, PaCO2), Hgb≤9g/dl was the only Hgb level that was associated with lower PbtO2 (coefficient −6.53 (95% CI −9.13; −3.94), p<0.001). Anemia with simultaneous PbtO2<20mmHg, but not anemia alone, increased the risk of unfavorable outcome (odds ratio 6.24 (95% CI 1.61; 24.22), p=0.008), controlling for age, GCS, Marshall CT grade, and APACHE II score. Conclusions: In this cohort of severe TBI patients whose PbtO2 was monitored, a Hgb level no greater than 9g/dl was associated with compromised PbtO2. Anemia with simultaneous compromised PbtO2, but not anemia alone, was a risk factor for unfavorable outcome, irrespective of injury severit

Obesity as a risk factor for unfavourable outcomes in critically ill patients affected by Covid 19

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Recent studies show that obesity is a risk factor for hospital admission and for critical care need in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The aim was to determine whether obesity is a risk factor for unfavourable health outcomes in patients affected by COVID-19 admitted to ICU.METHODS AND RESULTS: 95 consecutive patients with COVID-19 (78 males and 18 females) were admitted to ICU and included in the study. Height, weight, BMI, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II (APACHE II) scores, CRP, CPK, ICU and hospital length of stay and comorbidities were evaluated. Participants with obesity had a lower 28 day survival rate from ICU admission than normal weight subjects. Cox proportional hazard model-derived estimates, adjusted for age, gender and comorbidity, confirmed the results of the survival analysis (HR:5.30,95%C.I.1.26-22.34). Obese subjects showed longer hospital and ICU stay as compared with normal weight counterpart.Subjects with obesity showed significantly higher CRP and CPK levels than normal weight subjects.CONCLUSION: In individuals with obesity, careful management and prompt intervention in case of suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection is necessary to prevent the progression of the disease towards severe outcomes and the increase of hospital treatment costs

RECONSTRUCTION OF COMPRESSIVELY SAMPLED TEXTURE IMAGES IN THE GRAPH-BASED TRANSFORM DOMAIN

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the problem of texture images recovery from compressively sampled measurements. Texture images hardly present a sparse, or even compressible, representation in transformed domains (e.g. wavelet) and are therefore difficult to deal with in the Compressive Sampling (CS) framework. Herein, we resort to the recently defined Graph-based transform (GBT), formerly introduced for depth map coding, as a sparsifying transform for classes of textures sharing the similar spatial patterns. Since GBT proves to be a good candidate for compact representation of some classes of texture, we leverage it for CS texture recovery. To this aim, we resort to a modified version of a state-of-the-art recovery algorithm to reconstruct the texture representation in the GBT domain. Numerical simulation results show that this approach outperforms state-of-the-art CS recovery algorithms on texture images

Os arquivos estaduais brasileiros : um perfil institucional

A divisão político-administrativa brasileira apresenta 26 estados e o Distrito Federal, sendo que nem todos possuem representatividade no que tange à gestão de documentos de arquivos públicos. Visando mapear a situação atual, foi elaborado um perfil institucional no qual foram abordados os seguintes aspectos: instrumentos legais que corroboram a existência de tais instituições e as devidas competências, a estrutura organizacional, bem como a política arquivística adotada. Abordou-se, ainda, o diálogo com o usuário refletido no olhar acerca dos serviços disponíveis