La decorazione pubblica in Italia tra l'Unit\ue0 e la prima guerra mondiale

La tesi di dottorato si propone di indagare la decorazione pittorica pubblica tra l\u2019unificazione storica italiana e la prima guerra mondiale attraverso la disamina di analogie e differenze fra i diversi programmi decorativi, le modalit\ue0 di svolgimento dei concorsi, i giudizi della critica coeva e le reazioni del pubblico. Il fine della tesi \ue8 catalogare i casi pi\uf9 rappresentativi, selezionati sia per la loro specificit\ue0 e unicit\ue0, sia per la loro tendenza a emergere come modello di riferimento in un contesto locale o nazionale, nonch\ue9 individuare tematiche, procedure, affinit\ue0 e differenze nella decorazione pubblica fra gli estremi cronologici presi in considerazione. La tesi si concentra su argomenti quasi del tutto ignorati dalla critica d'arte: il periodo preso in esame, ad esempio, \ue8 stato sempre trascurato dalla storiografia artistica a differenza del ventennio fascista, i cui programmi decorativi, le dinamiche concorsuali e la ricezione da parte del pubblico e della critica sono stati attentamente vagliati e analizzati. Si \ue8 cercato, inoltre, in assenza di una trattazione sistematica dell\u2019argomento, di acquisire una visione d'insieme sul tema, verificando l\u2019esistenza di elementi comuni ricorrenti e cogliendo i mutamenti registrabili nell'ambito della nuova produzione figurativa. L'argomento \ue8 affrontato secondo molteplici piste d'indagine. Alla base vi \ue8 stato uno spoglio sistematico dei cicli decorativi suddiviso per zone geografiche, privilegiando i centri principali degli stati preunitari e citt\ue0 come Torino e Firenze che furono le prime capitali del neonato regno italiano. Le informazioni sono state reperite attraverso la disamina di molteplici strumenti bibliografici. Di particolare importanza si sono rivelati opuscoli contemporanei, utili per decifrare i programmi iconografici. Altrettanto utili si sono rivelate le fonti della letteratura coeva, come riviste (fra cui \uabL\u2019illustrazione italiana\ubb o \uabNatura ed arte\ubb) e quotidiani nazionali e locali, fondamentali per comprendere il contesto, la committenza e la ricezione da parte del pubblico del tempo nonch\ue9 l\u2019esistenza di un dibattito critico tra gli intellettuali dell\u2019epoca. Altre informazioni significative, che in alcuni casi hanno chiarito la genesi dei programmi iconografici, sono stati rinvenute nei documenti conservati presso i molti archivi statali, provinciali e comunali delle citt\ue0 ove queste decorazioni furono eseguite

Organic Amendments, Beneficial Microbes, and Soil Microbiota: Toward a Unified Framework for Disease Suppression

Organic amendments (OAs) and soilborne biocontrol agents or beneficial microbes (BMs) have been extensively studied and applied worldwide in most agriculturally important plant species. However, poor integration of research and technical approaches has limited the development of effective disease management practices based on the combination of these two bio-based strategies. Insights into the importance of the plant-associated microbiome for crop productivity, which can be modified or modulated by introducing OAs and/or BMs, are providing novel opportunities to achieve the goal of long-term disease control. This review discusses novel ways of functionally characterizing OAs and how they may be used to promote the effect of added biocontrol agents and/or beneficial soil microbiota to support natural suppressiveness of plant pathogens

Femtosecond polarization shaping of free-electron laser pulses

We demonstrate the generation of extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) free-electron laser (FEL) pulses with time-dependent polarization. To achieve polarization modulation on a femtosecond timescale, we combine two mutually delayed counterrotating circularly polarized subpulses from two cross-polarized undulators. The polarization profile of the pulses is probed by angle-resolved photoemission and above-threshold ionization of helium; the results agree with solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The stability limit of the scheme is mainly set by electron-beam energy fluctuations, however, at a level that will not compromise experiments in the XUV. Our results demonstrate the potential to improve the resolution and element selectivity of methods based on polarization shaping and may lead to the development of new coherent control schemes for probing and manipulating core electrons in matter

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Observation of tW production in the single-lepton channel in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV

A measurement of the cross section of the associated production of a single top quark and a W boson in final states with a muon or electron and jets in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36 fb(-1) collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016. A boosted decision tree is used to separate the tW signal from the dominant t (t) over bar background, whilst the subleading W+jets and multijet backgrounds are constrained using data-based estimates. This result is the first observation of the tW process in final states containing a muon or electron and jets, with a significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. The cross section is determined to be 89 +/- 4 (stat) +/- 12 (syst) pb, consistent with the standard model.Peer reviewe

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

MUSiC : a model-unspecific search for new physics in proton-proton collisions at root s=13TeV

Results of the Model Unspecific Search in CMS (MUSiC), using proton-proton collision data recorded at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1), are presented. The MUSiC analysis searches for anomalies that could be signatures of physics beyond the standard model. The analysis is based on the comparison of observed data with the standard model prediction, as determined from simulation, in several hundred final states and multiple kinematic distributions. Events containing at least one electron or muon are classified based on their final state topology, and an automated search algorithm surveys the observed data for deviations from the prediction. The sensitivity of the search is validated using multiple methods. No significant deviations from the predictions have been observed. For a wide range of final state topologies, agreement is found between the data and the standard model simulation. This analysis complements dedicated search analyses by significantly expanding the range of final states covered using a model independent approach with the largest data set to date to probe phase space regions beyond the reach of previous general searches.Peer reviewe

Measurement of prompt open-charm production cross sections in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The production cross sections for prompt open-charm mesons in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13TeV are reported. The measurement is performed using a data sample collected by the CMS experiment corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 29 nb(-1). The differential production cross sections of the D*(+/-), D-+/-, and D-0 ((D) over bar (0)) mesons are presented in ranges of transverse momentum and pseudorapidity 4 < p(T) < 100 GeV and vertical bar eta vertical bar < 2.1, respectively. The results are compared to several theoretical calculations and to previous measurements.Peer reviewe