Estimación del coeficiente de compresibilidad de combustibles diésel

Conocer las propiedades de los combustibles diésel resulta de gran importancia para el análisis y la comprensión de fenómenos relacionados con los procesos de inyección, formación de la mezcla, combustión y emisión de compuestos contaminantes. Este trabajo describe un método de estimación del coeficiente isoentrópico de compresibilidad de combustibles diésel. Empleando una instalación para obtener tasas de inyección, se ha ensayado un diésel comercial (con 5.8% de biodiesel), un aceite vegetal hidrotratado (hydrotreated vegetal oil, HVO) y un combustible obtenido a partir de gas natural (gas to liquid, GTL) mediante un proceso Fischer Tropsch de baja temperatura. Variando la presión de inyección, regulando la temperatura del combustible, manteniendo constante la contrapresión en el interior del tasímetro y utilizando dos tipos de inyectores (de bobina electromagnética y piezoeléctrico), se han estimado experimentalmente los valores del coeficiente isoentrópico de compresibilidad para dichos combustibles. Adicionalmente, se ha determinado que el desfase inicial entre el pulso eléctrico de alimentación del inyector y la curva de tasa solo depende del tipo de inyector. Sin embargo, el desfase final entre el pulso eléctrico del inyector y la tasa depende sólo del inyector en el caso del inyector controlado con bobina electromagnética mientras que en el caso del inyector piezoeléctrico depende además de la presión de inyección a la que se trabaje.Los autores quieren agradecer a la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla La Mancha la financiación al proyecto COMBALT2. Asimismo, agradecen la cesión de los combustibles GTL y HVO a las empresas SASOL y NESTE OIL respectivamente, así como el apoyo logístico ofrecido por la empresa Turbo-inyección Alonso. Finalmente, los autores agradecen a la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, México y a la financiación del proyecto PAICYT IT 647-11 por la estancia del Prof. Simón Martínez Martínez durante la realización de los ensayos

Visible light harvesting alkyne hydrosilylation mediated by pincer platinum complexe

In this manuscript we assess the catalytic properties of pincer platinum complexes in alkyne hydrosilylation either under photo or thermal conditions. The visible light-induced hydrosilylation proved to be more efficient. It can be performed at room temperature and required lower catalyst loadings than that operating under thermal conditions. The platinum complexes play a dual role in photohydrosilylation as serve as a photosensitizer and a catalyst enabling species in bond breaking/forming transformations. In addition, alkyne hydrosilylation is achieved with moderate regio- and stereoselectivity but is enhanced under photocatalytic conditions and in the case of terminal alkynes we have observed the formation of β(Z) products not observable under thermal conditions. Such differences in selectivity constitute an example of stereodivergent catalysis dictated under photochemical or thermal conditions. The selectivity differences are ascribed to a distinctive reaction mechanism for the light- vs thermally-induced process that involve radical or organometallic intermediates, respectively.MICIU/AEI/FEDER (PID2021-126071OB-C22 and PID2019-104121GB-I00). Universitat Jaume I (UJI-B2022-23). Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEU/2020/028).Thanks to PID2021-126071OB-C22 and PID2019-104121GB-I00 funded by MICIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033/ FEDER “Una manera de hacer Europa”. Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEU/2020/028) and Universitat Jaume I (UJI-B2022-23). L. I-I. thanks MICIN for grant (FPU20/04385). The authors thank ‘Servei Central d’Instrumentació Científica (SCIC) de la Universitat Jaume I’

Buenas prácticas organizativas en Atención Primaria : una organización facilitadora de la seguridad clínica

En este capítulo se describen dos experiencias concretas de organización del trabajo en seguridad del paciente en dos áreas sanitarias de dos comunidades autónomas. Cada una tiene ventajas e inconvenientes en el despliegue de la estrategia de seguridad del paciente si bien, cada una tiene la virtud de adaptarse lo mejor posible a las circunstancias organizativas del medio en el que trabaja. La finalidad de ambas experiencias es poner sobre la mesa que la incorporación de la cultura de seguridad del paciente de una manera efectiva no se fundamenta creando estructuras nuevas sino consiguiendo adaptar la realidad existente para que se priorice mejorar la seguridad del paciente en el sistema sanitario

Alginate-Agarose Hydrogels Improve the In Vitro Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Chondrocytes. A Histological Study

[EN] Matrix-assisted autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI) has shown promising results for cartilage repair, combining cultured chondrocytes and hydrogels, including alginate. The ability of chondrocytes for MACI is limited by different factors including donor site morbidity, dedifferentiation, limited lifespan or poor proliferation in vitro. Mesenchymal stem cells could represent an alternative for cartilage regeneration. In this study, we propose a MACI scaffold consisting of a mixed alginate-agarose hydrogel in combination with human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs), suitable for cartilage regeneration. Scaffolds were characterized according to their rheological properties, and their histomorphometric and molecular biology results. Agarose significantly improved the biomechanical behavior of the alginate scaffolds. Large scaffolds were manufactured, and a homogeneous distribution of cells was observed within them. Although primary chondrocytes showed a greater capacity for chondrogenic differentiation, hDPSCs cultured in the scaffolds formed large aggregates of cells, acquired a rounded morphology and expressed high amounts of type II collagen and aggrecan. Cells cultured in the scaffolds expressed not only chondral matrix-related genes, but also remodeling proteins and chondrocyte differentiation factors. The degree of differentiation of cells was proportional to the number and size of the cell aggregates that were formed in the hydrogels.This work was funded by the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government (PID2019-106099RB-C42, MM) and by the Generalitat Valenciana, Spain (PROMETEO/2020/069, CC). CIBER-BBN and CIBER-ER are financed by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, with assistance of the European Regional Development Fund.Oliver-Ferrándiz, M.; Milián, L.; Sancho-Tello, M.; Martín De Llano, JJ.; Gisbert-Roca, F.; Martínez-Ramos, C.; Carda, C.... (2021). Alginate-Agarose Hydrogels Improve the In Vitro Differentiation of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells in Chondrocytes. A Histological Study. Biomedicines. 9(7):1-22. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9070834S1229

Management of fibro-osseous lesions of the craniofacial area: presentation of 19 cases and review of the literature

Introduction: Fibro-osseous lesions constitute a rare benign type of pathology with a non-odontogenic lineage that affect the craniofacial area. According to Waldrom's classification, these lesions are divided into: fibrous dysplasia (FD), cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) and desmoplastic fibroma (DF). Material and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on patients diagnosed with fibro-osseous lesions of the craniofacial area at the Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, during 1987-2009. A total of 19 cases were collected: 15 cases compatible with an FD diagnosis, 3 cases with a COF diagnosis and 1 case with a DF diagnosis. Results: In the differential diagnosis, entities having similar clinical manifestations in the maxillofacial area with possible involvement of teeth or manifestations present as an asymptomatic radiolucent image should be ruled out. We hereby present the management and development of patients treated in our hospital for fibro-osseous lesions. Conclusions: Fibro-osseous lesions share many clinical and radiological characteristics in common, with histological features confirming the nature of the lesion. Management of patients should be individualized and casespecific, assessing the clinical evolution of each case and taking into account the benign nature and growth behavior of this type of tumors

Optimization of a decellularized protocol of porcine tracheas. Long-term effects of cryopreservation. A histological study

[EN] Objective: The aim of this study was to optimize a decellularization protocol in the trachea of Sus scrofa domestica (pig) as well as to study the effects of long-term cryopreservation on the extracellular matrix of decellularized tracheas. Methods: Porcine tracheas were decellularized using Triton X-100, SDC, and SDS alone or in combination. The effect of these detergents on the extracellular matrix characteristics of decellularized porcine tracheas was evaluated at the histological, biomechanical, and biocompatibility level. Morphometric approaches were used to estimate the effect of detergents on the collagen and elastic fibers content as well as on the removal of chondrocytes from decellularized organs. Moreover, the long-term structural, ultrastructural, and biomechanical effect of cryopreservation of decellularized tracheas were also estimated. Results: Two percent SDS was the most effective detergent tested concerning cell removal and preservation of the histological and biomechanical properties of the tracheal wall. However, long-term cryopreservation had no an appreciable effect on the structure, ultrastructure, and biomechanics of decellularized tracheal rings. Conclusion: The results presented here reinforce the use of SDS as a valuable decellularizing agent for porcine tracheas. Furthermore, a cryogenic preservation protocol is described, which has minimal impact on the histological and biomechanical properties of decellularized porcine tracheas.The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was supported by grants MAT2016-76039-C4-2-R (MST) and PID2019-106099RB-C42 (MM) from the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of the Spanish Government, by grant PI16-01315 from the ISCIII (Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades, Spain), and by grant PROMETEO/2020/069 (CC) from the local government of the Comunitat Valenciana (Spain), CIBER-BBN and CIBERER are funded by the VI National R&D&I Plan 2008-2011, Iniciativa Ingenio 2010, Consolider Program, CIBER Actions, and the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, with assistance from the European Regional Development Fund.Milián, L.; Sancho-Tello, M.; Roig-Soriano, J.; Foschini, G.; Martínez-Hernández, NJ.; Más Estellés, J.; Ruiz-Sauri, A.... (2021). Optimization of a decellularized protocol of porcine tracheas. Long-term effects of cryopreservation. A histological study. The International Journal of Artificial Organs. 44(12):998-1012. https://doi.org/10.1177/03913988211008912S9981012441

The TGFBR1*6A allele is not associated with susceptibility to colorectal cancer in a Spanish population: a case-control study

Background: TGF-β receptor type I is a mediator of growth inhibitory signals. TGFBR1*6A (rs11466445) is a common polymorphic variant of the TGF-β receptor I gene and has been associated with tumour susceptibility. Nevertheless, the role of this polymorphism as a risk factor for colorectal cancer is controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the association between TGFBR1*6A and colorectal cancer, age, sex, tumour location and tumour stage in a Spanish population. Methods: The case-control study involved 800 Spanish subjects: 400 sporadic colorectal cancer patients and 400 age-, sex-, and ethnic-matched controls. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the TGFBR1*6A polymorphism were calculated using unconditional logistic regression adjusted for age and sex. Analysis of somatic mutations at the GCG repeat of TGFBR1 exon 1 and germline allele-specific expression were also conducted to obtain further information on the contribution of the TGFBR1*6A allele to CRC susceptibility. Results: There was no statistically significant association between the TGFBR1*6A allele and CRC (p > 0.05). The OR was 1.147 (95% CI: 0.799–1.647) for carriers of the TGFBR1*6A allele and 0.878 (95% CI: 0.306–2.520) for homozygous TGFBR1*6A individuals compared with the reference. The frequency of the polymorphism was not affected by age, sex or tumour stage. The TGFBR1*6A allele was more prevalent among colon tumour patients than among rectal tumour patients. Tumour somatic mutations were found in only two of 69 cases (2.9%). Both cases involved a GCG deletion that changed genotype 9A/9A in normal DNA to genotype 9A/8A. Interestingly, these two tumours were positive for microsatellite instability, suggesting that these mutations originated because of a deficient DNA mismatch repair system. Allele-specific expression of the 9A allele was detected in seven of the 14 heterozygous 9A/6A tumour cases. This could have been caused by linkage disequilibrium of the TGFBR1*6A allele with mutations that cause allele-specific expression, as was recently suggested. Conclusion: Our results suggest that the TGFBR1*6A allele does not confer an increased risk of colorectal cancer in the Spanish population.The research was supported in part by grants from the Generalitat Valenciana in Spain (AP106/06) and the Biomedical Research Foundation of the Hospital of Elche (FIBElx-02/2007). T.M-B was a recipient of a fellowship from the Spanish Society of Medical Oncology

Nuclear Translocation of b-Catenin during Mesenchymal Stem Cells Differentiation into Hepatocytes Is Associated with a Tumoral Phenotype

Wnt/b-catenin pathway controls biochemical processes related to cell differentiation. In committed cells the alteration of this pathway has been associated with tumors as hepatocellular carcinoma or hepatoblastoma. The present study evaluated the role of Wnt/b-catenin activation during human mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into hepatocytes. The differentiation to hepatocytes was achieved by the addition of two different conditioned media. In one of them, b-catenin nuclear translocation, up-regulation of genes related to the Wnt/b-catenin pathway, such as Lrp5 and Fzd3, as well as the oncogenes c-myc and p53 were observed. While in the other protocol there was a Wnt/b-catenin inactivation. Hepatocytes with nuclear translocation of b-catenin also had abnormal cellular proliferation, and expressed membrane proteins involved in hepatocellular carcinoma, metastatic behavior and cancer stem cells. Further, these cells had also increased auto-renewal capability as shown in spheroids formation assay. Comparison of both differentiation protocols by 2D-DIGE proteomic analysis revealed differential expression of 11 proteins with altered expression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cathepsin B and D, adenine phosphoribosyltransferase, triosephosphate isomerase, inorganic pyrophosphatase, peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase A or lactate dehydrogenase b-chain were up-regulated only with the protocol associated with Wnt signaling activation while other proteins involved in tumor suppression, such as transgelin or tropomyosin b-chain were downregulated in this protocol. In conclusion, our results suggest that activation of the Wnt/b-catenin pathway during human mesenchymal stem cells differentiation into hepatocytes is associated with a tumoral phenotyp

Análisis de la demanda en el equipo de salud mental de Andújar: Evolución y estudio comparativo a los 20 años de apertura.

Se presentan los resultados de un análisis de la evolución de la demanda asistencial en un ESMD para la población general desde su creación en 1981 hasta 2001, analizando variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y psicoterapéuticas de 200 historias clínica

Análisis de la demanda en el equipo de salud mental de Andújar: Evolución y estudio comparativo a los 20 años de apertura.

Se presentan los resultados de un análisis de la evolución de la demanda asistencial en un ESMD para la población general desde su creación en 1981 hasta 2001, analizando variables sociodemográficas, clínicas y psicoterapéuticas de 200 historias clínica