A importância da música no fortalecimento de vínculos afetivos em famílias com bebês com Síndrome de Down

O trabalho com bebês e crianças Portadoras de Síndrome de Down (PSD) é significativamente marcado pelas relações afetivas dessas crianças com seus pais, mães e irmãos. A aceitação da criança e a superação do “luto” pela família são aspectos fundamentais para que o acompanhamento e estimulação precoce da criança PSD tenha êxito. Diante de tal premissa, o presente trabalho conduziu uma pesquisa qualitativa de bebês PSD em aulas de música com o objetivo de investigar o papel da música no fortalecimento dos vínculos afetivos familiares. A partir dos relatos das mães e observação das respostas das crianças, foi possível verificar que as atividades musicais tornaram-se muito importante para as famílias como mediadoras das relações afetivas. Além de estimular o desenvolvimento musical, cognitivo, social e psicomotor dos bebês, a música também teve impacto no desenvolvimento dos pais e mães, auxiliando estes na superação do “luto”

Innovación y tecnología. Características diferentes en los emprendedores

La creación de nuevas plazas de trabajo de acuerdo a la Organización Internacional del Trabajo (OIT), será insuficiente en relación al crecimiento de la población económicamente activa; los índices de trabajo todavía se mantienen muy descendidos, pues la economía mundial no ha logrado generar los suficientes empleos (OIT, 2018). En el Ecuador la tasa de empleo adecuado presentó un incremento anual estadísticamente significativo de 2,6 p.p.; alcanzando en marzo de 2018 un 41,1%, según datos del INEC (Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas y Censos, 2018). Superar la actual crisis económica nos obliga a pensar en nuevos modelos productivos, que deben basarse en el conocimiento y la innovación; este planteamiento no es nuevo: Vannervar (1945), señaló que “la investigación científica vinculada al desarrollo tecnológico y a las empresas es la principal fuente de riqueza, progreso económico y competitividad” (p. 4). Bajo el supuesto de que el emprendimiento contribuye con el aumento de empleo yel desarrollo social, y que a los emprendimientos de base tecnológica se les atribuye un potencial mayor para el crecimiento económico de un país (Oakey, 1995), es crucial averiguar si existen factores diferenciales en este proceso emprendedor.El objetivo de este trabajo es recopilar información, de manera exploratoria, sobre las características que diferencian a un emprendedor tecnológico de un emprendedor no tecnológico. El grupo objetivo de esta investigación estará compuesto por personas de 18 a 60 años de edad, que formen parte de la Población Económicamente Activa (PEA), del área urbana del cantón Cuenca y que en los últimos cuatro años haya realizado algún tipo de emprendimiento.Iniciaremos definiendo qué es un Emprendimiento con Base Tecnológica (EBT) y sus ventajas, para luego presentar los datos utilizados en nuestro análisis empírico, a partir de variables que determinen el origen de la idea emprendedora, el grado de tecnología utilizada y los elementos innovadores.Asimismo, describiremos sus características diferenciadoras respecto a tres aspectos: el perfil socioeconómico, los factores psicosociales y la caracterización de las iniciativas emprendedoras; para lo cual seguiremos el modelo del Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), que se puso en marcha para lograr la medición y caracterización de la actividad emprendedora a nivel global. Finalmente, expondremos las principales conclusiones obtenidas, así como las recomendaciones que se puedan extraer del análisis realizado. Palabras clave: emprendimiento tecnológico Cuenca, nueva empresa de base tecnológica (NEBT), características de emprendedor tecnológico. AbstractThe creation of new jobs according to the International Labor Organization (ILO). It will be insufficient in relation to the growth of the economically active population; labor rates are still very low, since the world economy has not been able to generate enough jobs (ILO, 2018). In Ecuador, the rate of adequate employment presented a statistically significant annual increase of 2.6 p.p., in March 2018 it was 41.1% indicates the INEC (National Institute of Statistics and Census, 2018).Overcoming the current economic crisis, forces us to think about new productive models, which should be based on knowledge and innovation; This approach is not new, since Vannervar (1945) stated that "scientific research linked to technological development and to companies is the main source of wealth, economic progress and competitiveness" (p. 4).Under the assumption that entrepreneurship contributes to increased employment and social development, and that technology-based ventures are credited with greater potential (Oakey, 1995) for economic growth in a country, it is crucial to find out if there are factors differentials in this entrepreneurial process.The objective of this work is to collect information, in an exploratory way, about the characteristics that differentiate a technological entrepreneur from a non-technological entrepreneur. The objective group of this research will be made up of people from 18 to 60 years of age who are part of the Economically Active Population (PEA), of the urban area of the canton of Cuenca and who in the last four years have carried out some type of enterprise.We will start by defining what is a Technology-Based Entrepreneurship (EBT), and its advantages, to present the data used in our empirical analysis in variables that determine the origin of the entrepreneurial idea, the degree of technology used and the innovative elements. We will describe its differentiating characteristics regarding three aspects: the socioeconomic profile and the psychosocial factors, and the characterization of the entrepreneurial initiatives, for which we will follow the model of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Project, which was launched to achieve the measurement and characterization of entrepreneurial activity globally.Finally, we will present the main conclusions obtained, as well as the recommendations that can be drawn from the analysis carried out.Keywords: Cuenca technological entrepreneurship, new technology based enterprise (NEBT), characteristics of technological entrepreneur

S-Layer glycoprotein from Lactobacillus kefiri exerts its immunostimulatory activity through glycan recognition by Mincle

The development of new subunit vaccines has promoted the rational design of adjuvants able to induce a strong T-cell activation by targeting specific immune receptors. The S-layer is a (glyco)-proteinaceous envelope constituted by subunits that self-assemble to form a two-dimensional lattice that covers the surface of different species of Bacteria and Archaea. Due to their ability to self-assemble in solution, they are attractive tools to be used as antigen/hapten carriers or adjuvants. Recently, we have demonstrated that S-layer glycoprotein from Lactobacillus kefiri CIDCA 8348 (SLP-8348) enhanced the LPS-induced response on macrophages in a Ca2+-dependent manner, but the receptors involved in these immunomodulatory properties remain unknown. Therefore, we aim to determine the C-type lectin receptors (CLRs) recognizing this bacterial surface glycoprotein as well as to investigate the role of glycans in both the immunogenicity and adjuvant capacity of SLP-8348. Here, using a mild periodate oxidation protocol, we showed that loss of SLP-8348 glycan integrity impairs the cell-mediated immune response against the protein. Moreover, our data indicate that the adjuvant capacity of SLP-8348 is also dependent of the biological activity of the SLP-8348 glycans. In order to evaluate the CLRs involved in the interaction with SLP-8348 an ELISA-based method using CLR–hFc fusion proteins showed that SLP-8348 interacts with different CLRs such as Mincle, SingR3, and hDC-SIGN. Using BMDCs derived from CLR-deficient mice, we show that SLP-8348 uptake is dependent of Mincle. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the SLP-8348-induced activation of BMDCs as well as its adjuvant capacity relies on the presence of Mincle and its signaling adaptor CARD9 on BMDCs, since SLP-8348-activated BMDCs from Mincle−/− or CARD9−/− mice were not capable to enhance OVA-specific response in CD4+ T cells purified from OT-II mice. These findings significantly contribute to the understanding of the role of glycans in the immunomodulation elicited by bacterial SLPs and generate a great opportunity in the search for new adjuvants derived from non-pathogenic microorganisms.Fil: Malamud, Mariano. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Microbiología General; Argentina. University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; Alemania. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Carasi, Paula. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Microbiología General; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos; ArgentinaFil: Assandri, Matías Hernán. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Microbiología General; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; ArgentinaFil: Freire, Teresa. Universidad de la República; UruguayFil: Lepenies, Bernd. University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover; AlemaniaFil: Serradell, María de los Ángeles. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas. Cátedra de Microbiología General; Argentina. Universidad Nacional Arturo Jauretche; Argentin

Rol protector del ácido clorogénico sobre el daño del ADN causado por la exposición a ocratoxina A

Chlorogenic acid (ChlA) has shown short-term protective effects against the cytogenotoxic effects of ochratoxin A (OTA). The present study evaluated the effect of oral administration of ChlA in male Wistar rats exposed to OTA. OTA (0.4 mg/kg bw/ day), ChlA (5 mg/kg bw/day), or the combination of both, were administered orally to animals during 28 days. No deaths, decrease in feed consumption or change in the body weight of animals were observed in any group. In the OTA-treated group a decrease in locomotion as well as increased DNA damage in blood, kidney and bone marrow cells were observed. ChlA alone was not genotoxic for animals. The combination of OTA +ChlA decreased the DNA damage by 37% in blood cells, by 55% in kidney cells and by 80% in bone marrow cells compared to OTA-treated group. In conclusion, oral treatment with ChlA showed a good protective effect on genotoxicity produced by OTA in rats during 28 days exposure.El ácido clorogénico (ChlA) mostró efectos protectores a corto plazo contra los efectos citogenotóxicos de ocratoxina A (OTA). En el presente estudio se evaluó si este polifenol mantiene su efecto protector mediante la administración oral en ratas Wistar machos expuestas a OTA. OTA (0,4 mg/kg/día), ChlA (5 mg/kg/día), o la combinación de ambos, fueron administrados a los animales por vía oral durante 28 días. No se observaron muertes, ni disminución en el consumo de alimento, ni cambios en el peso corporal en ningún grupo de animales. En el grupo tratado con OTA se observó disminución en la locomoción, así como daño en el ADN en las células de sangre, riñón y médula ósea. En los animales que solo recibieron ChlA no se observaron efectos genotóxicos. La combinación de OTA + ChlA disminuyó el daño del ADN en un 37%en las células sanguíneas, en un 55% en las células renales y en un 80% en las células de la médula ósea con respecto al grupo tratado con OTA. En conclusión, el tratamiento oral con ChlA mostró buen efecto protector sobre la genotoxicidad producida por OTA en ratas durante 28 días de exposición.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

The role of conservative versus innovative nesting behavior on 25-year population expansion of an avian predator

Species ranges often change in relation to multiple environmental and demographic factors. Innovative behaviors may affect these changes by facilitating the use of novel habitats, although this idea has been little explored. Here, we investigate the importance of behavior during range change, using a 25-year population expansion of Bonelli’s eagle in southern Portugal. This unique population is almost exclusively tree nesting, while all other populations in western Europe are predominantly cliff nesting. During 1991–2014, we surveyed nest sites and estimated the year when each breeding territory was established. We approximated the boundaries of 84 territories using Dirichlet tessellation and mapped topography, land cover, and the density of human infrastructures in buffers (250, 500, and 1,000 m) around nest and random sites. We then compared environmental conditions at matching nest and random sites within territories using conditional logistic regression, and used quantile regression to estimate trends in nesting habitats in relation to the year of territory establishment. Most nests (>85%, n = 197) were in eucalypts, maritime pines, and cork oaks. Nest sites were farther from the nests of neighboring territories than random points, and they were in areas with higher terrain roughness, lower cover by agricultural and built-up areas, and lower road and powerline densities. Nesting habitat selection varied little with year of territory establishment, although nesting in eucalypts increased, while cliff nesting and cork oak nesting, and terrain roughness declined. Our results suggest that the observed expansion of Bonelli’s eagles was facilitated by the tree nesting behavior, which allowed the colonization of areas without cliffs. However, all but a very few breeding pairs settled in habitats comparable to those of the initial population nucleus, suggesting that after an initial trigger possibly facilitated by tree nesting, the habitat selection remained largely conservative. Overall, our study supports recent calls to incorporate information on behavior for understanding and predicting species range shiftsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Measurement of the cosmic ray spectrum above 4×10184{\times}10^{18} eV using inclined events detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory

A measurement of the cosmic-ray spectrum for energies exceeding $4{\times}10^{18}$ eV is presented, which is based on the analysis of showers with zenith angles greater than $60^{\circ}$ detected with the Pierre Auger Observatory between 1 January 2004 and 31 December 2013. The measured spectrum confirms a flux suppression at the highest energies. Above $5.3{\times}10^{18}$ eV, the "ankle", the flux can be described by a power law $E^{-\gamma}$ with index $\gamma=2.70 \pm 0.02 \,\text{(stat)} \pm 0.1\,\text{(sys)}$ followed by a smooth suppression region. For the energy ($E_\text{s}$) at which the spectral flux has fallen to one-half of its extrapolated value in the absence of suppression, we find $E_\text{s}=(5.12\pm0.25\,\text{(stat)}^{+1.0}_{-1.2}\,\text{(sys)}){\times}10^{19}$ eV.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Energy Estimation of Cosmic Rays with the Engineering Radio Array of the Pierre Auger Observatory

The Auger Engineering Radio Array (AERA) is part of the Pierre Auger Observatory and is used to detect the radio emission of cosmic-ray air showers. These observations are compared to the data of the surface detector stations of the Observatory, which provide well-calibrated information on the cosmic-ray energies and arrival directions. The response of the radio stations in the 30 to 80 MHz regime has been thoroughly calibrated to enable the reconstruction of the incoming electric field. For the latter, the energy deposit per area is determined from the radio pulses at each observer position and is interpolated using a two-dimensional function that takes into account signal asymmetries due to interference between the geomagnetic and charge-excess emission components. The spatial integral over the signal distribution gives a direct measurement of the energy transferred from the primary cosmic ray into radio emission in the AERA frequency range. We measure 15.8 MeV of radiation energy for a 1 EeV air shower arriving perpendicularly to the geomagnetic field. This radiation energy -- corrected for geometrical effects -- is used as a cosmic-ray energy estimator. Performing an absolute energy calibration against the surface-detector information, we observe that this radio-energy estimator scales quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy as expected for coherent emission. We find an energy resolution of the radio reconstruction of 22% for the data set and 17% for a high-quality subset containing only events with at least five radio stations with signal.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DO

Measurement of the Radiation Energy in the Radio Signal of Extensive Air Showers as a Universal Estimator of Cosmic-Ray Energy

We measure the energy emitted by extensive air showers in the form of radio emission in the frequency range from 30 to 80 MHz. Exploiting the accurate energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory, we obtain a radiation energy of 15.8 \pm 0.7 (stat) \pm 6.7 (sys) MeV for cosmic rays with an energy of 1 EeV arriving perpendicularly to a geomagnetic field of 0.24 G, scaling quadratically with the cosmic-ray energy. A comparison with predictions from state-of-the-art first-principle calculations shows agreement with our measurement. The radiation energy provides direct access to the calorimetric energy in the electromagnetic cascade of extensive air showers. Comparison with our result thus allows the direct calibration of any cosmic-ray radio detector against the well-established energy scale of the Pierre Auger Observatory.Comment: Replaced with published version. Added journal reference and DOI. Supplemental material in the ancillary file