Reflexões sobre o alcance do direito ao silêncio e não autoincriminação

This article aims to critically and evaluatively analyze the scientific study on the relationship and confrontation of the limits of rights and constitutionally guarantee results related to procedural law and criminal material, which are: the right to silence and non-self-incrimination, with crime of perjury. It should be noted, in principle, that Brazilian legislation does not provide for the crime of perjury as a punishable practice, despite the fact that a bill for its creation has already been filed. With this in mind, it should be noted that during the processing of criminal actions under the national rules, the protection of in dubio pro reo is trained, as well as the guarantee of non-self-incrimination, the accused is not obliged, as well as the witnesses, to make a true commitment to the facts narrated, as well as he also reserves the right to silence without any prejudice. It is bibliographical research, using data through the analysis of national and international doctrines, laws and scientific articles. Thus, it sought to analyze the effective scope of the right to silence in the criminal sphere, comparing such limits as well, between the guarantee of non-self-incrimination and foreign literature on the crime of perjury. O presente artigo tem por objetivo análise crítica e valorativa acerca do estudo científico sobre a relação e confronto de limites dos direitos e garantias constitucionalmente previstos tangentes ao Direito processual e material penal, quais sejam: o direito ao silêncio e a não autoincriminação, com o crime de perjúrio. Denota-se, a princípio, que legislação brasileira não prevê como prática punível o crime de perjúrio, apesar de já arquivado projeto de lei no sentido de sua criação. Tendo isso em vista, veja-se que durante o processamento de ações penais nos termos das normas pátrias, visando-se a proteção do in dubio pro reo, bem como a garantia de não autoincriminação, o acusado não é obrigado, assim como as testemunhas, a prestar compromisso de verdade para com os fatos narrados, bem como, a ele também se reserva o direito ao silêncio sem prejuízo algum. Trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando-se de dados através de análise de doutrinas, leis e artigos científicos nacionais e internacionais. Dessa forma, buscou analisar o efetivo alcance do direito ao silêncio na esfera penal, comparando-se tais limites também, entre a garantia de não autoincriminação e a literatura estrangeira sobre o crime de perjúrio

Biofilm formation as a novel phenotypic feature of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC)

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Crohn's disease (CD) is a high morbidity chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. Adherent-invasive <it>Escherichia coli </it>(AIEC) has been recently implicated in the origin and perpetuation of CD. Because bacterial biofilms in the gut mucosa are suspected to play a role in CD and biofilm formation is a feature of certain pathogenic <it>E. coli </it>strains, we compared the biofilm formation capacity of 27 AIEC and 38 non-AIEC strains isolated from the intestinal mucosa. Biofilm formation capacity was then contrasted with the AIEC phenotype, the serotype, the phylotype, and the presence of virulence genes.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Specific biofilm formation (SBF) indices were higher amongst AIEC than non-AIEC strains (P = 0.012). In addition, 65.4% of moderate to strong biofilms producers were AIEC, whereas 74.4% of weak biofilm producers were non-AIEC (P = 0.002). These data indicate that AIEC strains were more efficient biofilm producers than non-AIEC strains. Moreover, adhesion (P = 0.009) and invasion (P = 0.003) indices correlated positively with higher SBF indices. Additionally, motility (100%, P < 0.001), H1 type flagellin (53.8%, P < 0.001), serogroups O83 (19.2%, P = 0.008) and O22 (26.9%, P = 0.001), the presence of virulence genes such as <it>sfa/focDE </it>(38.5%, P = 0.003) and <it>ibeA </it>(26.9%, P = 0.017), and B2 phylotype (80.8%, P < 0.001) were frequent characteristics amongst biofilm producers.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The principal contribution of the present work is the finding that biofilm formation capacity is a novel, complementary pathogenic feature of the recently described AIEC pathovar. Characterization of AIEC specific genetic determinants, and the regulatory pathways, involved in biofilm formation will likely bring new insights into AIEC pathogenesis.</p

Aceitação da banana tropical pelos consumidores, em Goiânia.

A banana (Musa sp) é a fruta mais consumida no mundo, constituindo importante fonte de carboidratos em diversos países. Poucas cultivares são utilizadas comercialmente, e todas elas apresentam problemas fitossanitários, contribuindo para uma baixa produtividade na exploração dessa cultura. Este evento aponta a necessidade de novos materiais de cultivo e a verificação de sua aceitação pelos consumidores. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar, através de teste sensorial, a aceitação dos frutos da cultivar `Tropical', comparativamente com as cultivares Maçã e Prata. As plantas da `Tropical' foram cultivadas em Goiânia, GO, sob dois níveis de irrigação (aplicação de água quando a tensão no solo era de 15 kpa e 75 kpa) e na época da colheita dos frutos. Depois de colhidos, os frutos foram submetidos a duas temperaturas em câmaras de climatização reguladas a 180C e 200C, nas Centrais de Abastecimento (Ceasa) de Goiânia. A análise sensorial de sabor foi realizada em 28 de julho de 2005, com 60 provadores, em câmaras individuais. Foi utilizada uma escala hedônica de sete pontos (desgostei extremamente: gostei extremamente). No momento da realização do teste, os valores médios do Brix foram de 25,90% nos frutos da `Prata', 23,40°/o na `Maçã' e de 21,00°/o a 22,80°/o na `Tropical'. Segundo a análise estatística de variância, houve interação dos efeitos da irrigação e da temperatura de climatização na aceitação da `Tropical' pelos provadores. Verificou-se maior aceitação da `Prata', com média de 5,33, seguida da `Tropical' (4,58) e da `Maçã' (4,13). Segundo o teste de tukey a 5%, a aceitação da `Prata' foi superior à das demais e a da `Tropical' foi superior à da `Maça'. Os frutos da cultivar Maçã, apesar de terem sido climatizados juntamente com os das demais, apresentaram sabor adstringente, característico da maturação incompleta. A `Prata', ao contrário da `Maçã', estava no ponto ótimo de consumo. De acordo com os resultados, a `Tropical' apresentou boa aceitação pelos provadores, se mostrando como uma cultivar promissora. Apoio: CNpq, Embrapa, Ceasa Goiânia

Intestinal Epithelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Hepatic Injury via the Gut-Liver Axis During Acute Alcohol Injury.

Binge drinking, i.e., heavy episodic drinking in a short time, has recently become an alarming societal problem with negative health impact. However, the harmful effects of acute alcohol injury in the gut-liver axis remain elusive. Hence, we focused on the physiological and pathological changes and the underlying mechanisms of experimental binge drinking in the context of the gut-liver axis. Eight-week-old mice with a C57BL/6 background received a single dose (p.o.) of ethanol (EtOH) [6 g/kg b.w.] as a preclinical model of acute alcohol injury. Controls received a single dose of PBS. Mice were sacrificed 8 h later. In parallel, HepaRGs and Caco-2 cells, human cell lines of differentiated hepatocytes and intestinal epithelial cells intestinal epithelial cells (IECs), respectively, were challenged in the presence or absence of EtOH [0-100 mM]. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated by ultracentrifugation from culture media of IECs were added to hepatocyte cell cultures. Increased intestinal permeability, loss of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and MUCIN-2 expression, and alterations in microbiota-increased Lactobacillus and decreased Lachnospiraceae species-were found in the large intestine of mice exposed to EtOH. Increased TUNEL-positive cells, infiltration of CD11b-positive immune cells, pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., tlr4, tnf, il1β), and markers of lipid accumulation (Oil Red O, srbep1) were evident in livers of mice exposed to EtOH, particularly in females. In vitro experiments indicated that EVs released by IECs in response to ethanol exerted a deleterious effect on hepatocyte viability and lipid accumulation. Overall, our data identified a novel mechanism responsible for driving hepatic injury in the gut-liver axis, opening novel avenues for therapy.This work was supported by the MINECO Retos SAF2016-78711, SAF2017-87919-R, EXOHEP-CM S2017/BMD-3727, NanoLiver-CM Y2018/NMT-4949, ERAB Ref. EA 18/14, AMMF 2018/117, UCM-25-2019 and COST Action CA17112, the German Research Foundation (SFB/TRR57/P04, SFB 1382-403224013/A02, and DFG NE 2128/2-1). FC and YN are Ramón y Cajal Researchers RYC-2014-15242 and RYC-2015-17438. FC is a Gilead Liver Research 2018. KZ is a recipient of a Chinese Scholarship Council (CSC). BK20170127 from the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province to JP.S

Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) Is Associated with Cholangiocellular Injury, Fibrosis and Carcinogenesis in an Experimental Model of Fibropolycystic Liver Disease

Fibropolycystic liver disease is characterized by hyperproliferation of the biliary epithelium and the formation of multiple dilated cysts, a process associated with unfolded protein response (UPR). In the present study, we aimed to understand the mechanisms of cyst formation and UPR activation in hepatocytic c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1/2 (Jnk1/2) knockout mice. Floxed JNK1/2 (Jnkf/f) and Jnk∆hepa animals were sacrificed at different time points during progression of liver disease. Histological examination of specimens evidenced the presence of collagen fiber deposition, increased α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA), infiltration of CD45, CD11b and F4/80 cells and proinflammatory cytokines (Tnf, Tgfβ1) and liver injury (e.g., ALT, apoptosis and Ki67-positive cells) in Jnk∆hepa compared with Jnkf/f livers from 32 weeks of age. This was associated with activation of effectors of the UPR, including BiP/GRP78, CHOP and spliced XBP1. Tunicamycin (TM) challenge strongly induced ER stress and fibrosis in Jnk∆hepa animals compared with Jnkf/f littermates. Finally, thioacetamide (TAA) administration to Jnk∆hepa mice induced UPR activation, peribiliary fibrosis, liver injury and markers of biliary proliferation and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Orthoallografts of DEN/CCl4-treated Jnk∆hepa liver tissue triggered malignant CCA. Altogether, these results suggest that activation of the UPR in conjunction with fibrogenesis might trigger hepatic cystogenesis and early stages of CCA

Transgenic Expression of Soluble Human CD5 Enhances Experimentally-Induced Autoimmune and Anti-Tumoral Immune Responses

CD5 is a lymphoid-specific transmembrane glycoprotein constitutively expressed on thymocytes and mature T and B1a lymphocytes. Current data support the view that CD5 is a negative regulator of antigen-specific receptor-mediated signaling in these cells, and that this would likely be achieved through interaction with CD5 ligand/s (CD5L) of still undefined nature expressed on immune or accessory cells. To determine the functional consequence of loss of CD5/CD5L interaction in vivo, a new transgenic mouse line was generated (shCD5EμTg), expressing a circulating soluble form of human CD5 (shCD5) as a decoy to impair membrane-bound CD5 function. These shCD5EμTg mice showed an enhanced response to autologous antigens, as deduced from the presentation of more severe forms of experimentally inducible autoimmune disease (collagen-induced arthritis, CIA; and experimental autoimmune encephalitis, EAE), as well as an increased anti-tumoral response in non-orthotopic cancer models (B16 melanoma). This enhancement of the immune response was in agreement with the finding of significantly reduced proportions of spleen and lymph node Treg cells (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+), and of peritoneal IL-10-producing and CD5+ B cells, as well as an increased proportion of spleen NKT cells in shCD5EμTg mice. Similar changes in lymphocyte subpopulations were observed in wild-type mice following repeated administration of exogenous recombinant shCD5 protein. These data reveal the relevant role played by CD5/CD5L interactions on the homeostasis of some functionally relevant lymphocyte subpopulations and the modulation of immune responses to autologous antigens

La integración del conocimiento sobre la Cordillera Cantábrica: hacia un observatorio inter-autonómico del cambio global

La Cordillera Cantábrica (CC) presenta una serie de singularidades que le convierten en un excelente enclave para el seguimiento de los efectos del cambio global. Este estudio analiza la necesidad de generar un observatorio inter-autonómico del cambio global, que permitiría integrar el conocimiento actual sobre estas montañas y determinar las prioridades en la generación de nuevo conocimiento. Para cumplir este objetivo, se presentan dos aproximaciones complementarias. La primera consiste en la revisión de la literatura científica publicada sobre la CC y su comparación con otros enclaves geográficos de la Península Ibérica. La segunda consiste en la síntesis de información de un seminario titulado ?La CC como Centinela de los Efectos del Cambio Global?, celebrado en Santander en agosto de 2015. El análisis bibliográfico muestra que el número de publicaciones científicas sobre la CC es similar al de otros enclaves geográficos de la Península Ibérica, pero con menor riqueza de disciplinas. La producción científica está dominada por los centros de investigación más próximos y tiene una alta participación internacional. Las conclusiones del seminario evidencian que este sistema es un candidato ideal para el seguimiento de los efectos del cambio global sobre multitud de elementos biofísicos. Se considera que la generación de un seminario permanente, junto con la consolidación de las redes de seguimiento actuales, la coordinación de nuevos trabajos, y la mejora de la comunicación entre administraciones y comunidad científico-técnica son elementos esenciales en la futura generación de un observatorio del cambio global en la CC