CARVALHO, J. H. de

CONTEL, E. P. B.

FERRO, J. A.

MARTINEZ, G.

MIRETTI, M. M.

NAVES, M.

POLI, M.

REYNOSO, G.

WORNACK, J.

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MMM p0LpI.  nixiw 2W 1 , 11 so q2W;t1iPU) q 30()3 ISUI111102 C‘11 	0)1181.U2l1 MIX121.Vil.111cv; esusri.u.c.n ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION OF MITOCHONDRIAL HAPLOTYPES IN AMERICAN NATIVE CAULE BREEDS (Bos taurus): PHYLOGENE11C NETVVORK ANALYSIS. • 12 	. Mire% , MM; P0113  , M; Martínez , G; Navess, M; Reynosos, G; Womack7, J; de Carvalhos, JH; Ferrei, JA; Contei2, EPB IDepto. de Tecnologia, FCAV, UNESP, Jaboticabal-SP, Brasil, 2Depto. de Genética, FMRP, USP Ribeirão Preto-SP Brasil, 3Inst. de Genética CNIA-INTA, Castelar, Argentina, 4ICA, Vila Vicencio, Colombia, 6INRA, Unité de Recherches Zootechniques, Petit Bourg, Guadelcupe (FWI), 6Universidad de La Mofina. Peru, ?Texas AMUniversity, BEMBRAPA Meio/Norte, Teresina-PI,Brasil. mmiretti@uspbr key words: Native Catão, mtDNA diversity. American native cattle breeds have their common root on the european taurine cante introduced by lberian cangueis. They populated America mainly following human migrations. Diversity within the control region of taurine carne mtDNA can be clustered into two main haplogroups, namely the african and european. Other minar haplogroups have been reported including T, considered the root of ali extant taurine cattle. We report in this work the nucleotide sequence of a mitochondrial DNA control region fragment (240bp) from 182 individuais beionging to 10 native cattle breeds from 6 American countries. Along with sequences from African, Near Eastem and European taurine cattle, we estimated the nucleotide diversity and reconstructed a phylogenetic network in arder to make inferences about the origin, distribution and age of mitochondrial lineages within native American cattle breeds. From an alignment of 675 mtDNA sequences using CLUSTALX, we estimated p, (pi) with the TN93 correction for multiple hit allowing heterogeneity rates arnong sites with the (alta) value (0.30) obtained from these data. Then, using a relative rate test we obtained a substitution rate p = 3,8764x10-7, equivalent to 1Ts /10.748 years. Reduced Median Networks, which include most ar ali most parsimonious troes, were rec,onstructed using NETVVORK software. Phylogenetic networks reproduce multifurcations and resolve parallelisms. Assuming a coffect tree, we can estimate ? (rho), an unbiased estimator of the coalescenc,e time to the specified root. We confirmed the presence of a highly divergent lineage (AA, African-derived American sequence) defined by T16050, C16053, 616113, 616122, T16139, A16196 and C16255 (TCCCTAC), rooted on African taurine cattle, as the most frequently observed hapiotype within Brazilian and Guadaloupean native cattle. Most of the 30 remaining haplotypes were similar or linked to both, the European and African consensus sequences. Estimates of expansion dates of the haplogroup AA was coherent with colonization times. but its coalescent time to the general root of taurine cattle was much older than coalescent times published for any other extant taurine mtDNA haplogroups. The hypothesis suggesting a Near Eastern sequence as the ultimato root of ali the extant taurino domestic cattle was tested. We propose a modification in the arder by which substitutions connecting the sequence of the common ancestor of ali taurine cante breeds (root) and the African consensus sequence should be represented. This work contributes to Lhe characterization ot native cattle breeds, providing information valuable for conservation programs. Financial support: CNPq, FAPESP. 

Origin and distribution of Mitochondrial Haplotypes in american native cattle breeds (Bos taurus): phylogenetic network analysis.

http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/bitstream/doc/1156247/1/Origin-34056.pdf

Origin and distribution of Mitochondrial Haplotypes in american native cattle breeds (Bos taurus): phylogenetic network analysis.

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