Colonic Diverticula Are Not Associated With an Increased Risk of Colorectal Adenomas

Patients with missed colorectal cancer have been reported to be more likely to have colonic diverticulosis. Such an association could be due to either higher risk of neoplasia or difficulty examining the colon in patients with diverticulosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether colonic diverticula are associated with an increased risk for colonic neoplasia

Insights into the late Cenozoic configuration of the laurentide Ice Sheet from ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dating of glacially transported minerals in midcontinent tills

Glacial sedimentary sequences in the north central United States record multiple advances of the Laurentide Ice Sheet (LIS) since ~2 Ma. Although the tills found in these sequences were deposited by southward flowing glacial lobes, little information is available on the geometry of flow lines in the interior of the LIS during any one glaciation, and the provenance of glacial deposits older than the last ice advance is largely unknown. Systematic changes in the composition of midcontinent tills and other paleogeographic considerations, however, raise the possibility of significant shifts in the trajectory of flow lines feeding the lobes of the southwestern LIS margin. Here we constrain till provenance using ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages of individual hornblende and feldspar grains retrieved from tills representing several glaciations since ~2 Ma. Hornblende grains show ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages that indicate erosion of Paleoproterozoic (~1.7–2.0 Ga) and late Archean (>2.5 Ga) rock sources, whereas feldspar grains show a broad range of Paleoproterozoic ages (~1.4–2.4 Ga). Dating of hornblende and feldspar minerals in single pebbles suggests that this latter distribution of ages is related to the greater sensitivity of feldspars to thermal resetting during minor tectonic events. Accordingly, the range of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages for the predominant population of Paleoproterozoic hornblende and feldspar grains in our samples is consistent with a source from terrains forming the Churchill province of the Canadian Shield, while the small population of Archean-age grains likely reflects a source from the southwestern tip of the Archean Superior province that crops out near the study area. These results indicate that midcontinent tills were deposited by ice derived from the northwestern (Keewatin) sector of the LIS. The nearly identical distribution of hornblende and feldspar ages in the till samples identifies the Keewatin ice dome and the related ice flow to the midcontinent as long-standing features of the LIS throughout the late Pliocene-Pleistocene glaciations

Thiazolidinedione Use, Fluid Retention, and Congestive Heart Failure: A consensus statement from the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association

"Diabetes is a chronic, progressively worsening disease associated with a variety of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death in these patients (1,2). During the past decade, numerous drugs have been introduced for the treatment of type 2 diabetes that, used in monotherapy or in combination therapy, are effective in lowering blood glucose to achieve glycemic goals and in reducing diabetes-related end-organ disease. Two such drugs, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, belong to the class called thiazolidinediones (TZDs) (3). Troglitazone, the first agent of this class to be approved, was effective in controlling glycemia but was removed from the market because of serious liver toxicity. Both rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are indicated either as monotherapy or in combination with a sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin when diet, exercise, and a single agent do not result in adequate glycemic control (4) (package insert Avandia [rosiglitazone maleate; GlaxoSmithKline] and Actos (5) [pioglitazone hydrochloride; Takeda Pharmaceuticals]). In addition to lowering blood glucose, both drugs may benefit cardiovascular parameters, such as lipids, blood pressure, inflammatory biomarkers, endothelial function, and fibrinolytic status (6,7). These beneficial effects of TZDs on glycemia and cardiovascular risk factors have made them attractive agents in patients with type 2 diabetes who are at high risk for CVD. There is a growing recognition, however, that edema can occur in patients treated with either drug. Because people with diabetes are at increased risk for CVD and many have preexisting heart disease, the edema that sometimes accompanies the use of a TZD can be cause for concern, as it may be a harbinger or sign of congestive heart failure (CHF). An analysis of Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with the diagnosis of diabetes and CHF indicated that the number of these patients discharged on TZDs had increased from 7.2% to 16.2% over a 3-year period (8). As the number of patients taking these drugs to control glycemia increases, practitioners should be aware of the safety profile of TZDs in patients with and without underlying heart disease.

Thiazolidinedione Use, Fluid Retention, and Congestive Heart Failure: A Consensus Statement from the American Heart Association and American Diabetes Association

"Diabetes is a chronic, progressively worsening disease associated with a variety of microvascular and macrovascular complications. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death in these patients.1,2 During the past decade, numerous drugs have been introduced for the treatment of type 2 diabetes that, used in monotherapy or in combination therapy, are effective in lowering blood glucose to achieve glycemic goals and in reducing diabetes-related end-organ disease. Two such drugs, rosiglitazone and pioglitazone, belong to the class called thiazolidinediones (TZDs).3 Troglitazone, the first agent of this class to be approved, was effective in controlling glycemia but was removed from the market because of serious liver toxicity. Both rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are indicated either as monotherapy or in combination with a sulfonylurea, metformin, or insulin when diet, exercise, and a single agent do not result in adequate glycemic control4 (package insert Avandia [rosiglitazone maleate; GlaxoSmithKline] and Actos5 [pioglitazone hydrochloride; Takeda Pharmaceuticals]). In addition to lowering blood glucose, both drugs may benefit cardiovascular parameters, such as lipids, blood pressure, inflammatory biomarkers, endothelial function, and fibrinolytic status.6,7 These beneficial effects of TZDs on glycemia and cardiovascular risk factors have made them attractive agents in patients with type 2 diabetes who are at high risk for CVD. There is a growing recognition, however, that edema can occur in patients treated with either drug. Because people with diabetes are at increased risk for CVD and many have preexisting heart disease, the edema that sometimes accompanies the use of a TZD can be cause for concern, as it may be a harbinger or sign of congestive heart failure (CHF). An analysis of Medicare beneficiaries hospitalized with the diagnosis of diabetes and CHF indicated that the number of these patients discharged on TZDs had increased from 7.2% to 16.2% over a 3-year period.8 As the number of patients taking these drugs to control glycemia increases, practitioners should be aware of the safety profile of TZDs in patients with and without underlying heart disease.

Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) 2018 guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142934/1/bdi12609.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/142934/2/bdi12609_am.pd

Confinement, chiral symmetry, and the lattice

Two crucial properties of QCD, confinement and chiral symmetry breaking, cannot be understood within the context of conventional Feynman perturbation theory. Non-perturbative phenomena enter the theory in a fundamental way at both the classical and quantum level. Over the years a coherent qualitative picture of the interplay between chiral symmetry, quantum mechanical anomalies, and the lattice has emerged and is reviewed here.Comment: 126 pages, 36 figures. Revision corrects additional typos and renumbers equations to be more consistent with the published versio

LSST: from Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products

(Abridged) We describe here the most ambitious survey currently planned in the optical, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST). A vast array of science will be enabled by a single wide-deep-fast sky survey, and LSST will have unique survey capability in the faint time domain. The LSST design is driven by four main science themes: probing dark energy and dark matter, taking an inventory of the Solar System, exploring the transient optical sky, and mapping the Milky Way. LSST will be a wide-field ground-based system sited at Cerro Pach\'{o}n in northern Chile. The telescope will have an 8.4 m (6.5 m effective) primary mirror, a 9.6 deg$^2$ field of view, and a 3.2 Gigapixel camera. The standard observing sequence will consist of pairs of 15-second exposures in a given field, with two such visits in each pointing in a given night. With these repeats, the LSST system is capable of imaging about 10,000 square degrees of sky in a single filter in three nights. The typical 5$\sigma$ point-source depth in a single visit in $r$ will be $\sim 24.5$ (AB). The project is in the construction phase and will begin regular survey operations by 2022. The survey area will be contained within 30,000 deg$^2$ with $\delta<+34.5^\circ$, and will be imaged multiple times in six bands, $ugrizy$, covering the wavelength range 320--1050 nm. About 90\% of the observing time will be devoted to a deep-wide-fast survey mode which will uniformly observe a 18,000 deg$^2$ region about 800 times (summed over all six bands) during the anticipated 10 years of operations, and yield a coadded map to $r\sim27.5$. The remaining 10\% of the observing time will be allocated to projects such as a Very Deep and Fast time domain survey. The goal is to make LSST data products, including a relational database of about 32 trillion observations of 40 billion objects, available to the public and scientists around the world.Comment: 57 pages, 32 color figures, version with high-resolution figures available from https://www.lsst.org/overvie

Effects of Impact and Target Parameters on the Results of a Kinetic Impactor: Predictions for the Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) Mission

The Double Asteroid Redirection Test (DART) spacecraft will impact into the asteroid Dimorphos on 2022 September 26 as a test of the kinetic impactor technique for planetary defense. The efficiency of the deflection following a kinetic impactor can be represented using the momentum enhancement factor, β, which is dependent on factors such as impact geometry and the specific target material properties. Currently, very little is known about Dimorphos and its material properties, which introduces uncertainty in the results of the deflection efficiency observables, including crater formation, ejecta distribution, and β. The DART Impact Modeling Working Group (IWG) is responsible for using impact simulations to better understand the results of the DART impact. Pre-impact simulation studies also provide considerable insight into how different properties and impact scenarios affect momentum enhancement following a kinetic impact. This insight provides a basis for predicting the effects of the DART impact and the first understanding of how to interpret results following the encounter. Following the DART impact, the knowledge gained from these studies will inform the initial simulations that will recreate the impact conditions, including providing estimates for potential material properties of Dimorphos and β resulting from DART’s impact. This paper summarizes, at a high level, what has been learned from the IWG simulations and experiments in preparation for the DART impact. While unknown, estimates for reasonable potential material properties of Dimorphos provide predictions for β of 1–5, depending on end-member cases in the strength regime

Sushi in the United States, 1945-1970

Sushi first achieved widespread popularity in the United States in the mid-1960s. Many accounts of sushi’s US establishment foreground the role of a small number of key actors, yet underplay the role of a complex web of large-scale factors that provided the context in which sushi was able to flourish. This article critically reviews existing literature, arguing that sushi’s US popularity arose from contingent, long-term, and gradual processes. It examines US newspaper accounts of sushi during 1945–1970, which suggest the discursive context for US acceptance of sushi was considerably more propitious than generally acknowledged. Using California as a case study, the analysis also explains conducive social and material factors, and directs attention to the interplay of supply- and demand-side forces in the favorable positioning of this “new” food. The article argues that the US establishment of sushi can be understood as part of broader public acceptance of Japanese cuisine