53 research outputs found

    Balance between maternal antiviral response and placental transfer of protection in gestational SARS-CoV-2 infection

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    The intricate interplay between maternal immune response to SARS-CoV-2 and the transfer of protective factors to the fetus remains unclear. By analyzing mother-neonate dyads from second and third trimester SARS-CoV-2 infections, our study shows that neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) are infrequently detected in cord blood. We uncovered that this is due to impaired IgG-NAb placental transfer in symptomatic infection and to the predominance of maternal SARS-CoV-2 NAbs of the IgA and IgM isotypes, which are prevented from crossing the placenta. Crucially, the balance between maternal antiviral response and transplacental transfer of IgG-NAbs appears to hinge on IL-6 and IL-10 produced in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition, asymptomatic maternal infection was associated with expansion of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and NK cell frequency. Our findings identify a protective role for IgA/IgM-NAbs in gestational SARS-CoV-2 infection and open the possibility that the maternal immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection might benefit the neonate in 2 ways, first by skewing maternal immune response toward immediate viral clearance, and second by endowing the neonate with protective mechanisms to curtail horizontal viral transmission in the critical postnatal period, via the priming of IgA/IgM-NAbs to be transferred by the breast milk and via NK cell expansion in the neonate.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    ASSOCIAÇÃO ENTRE A PRESENÇA DE UM FATOR DE 38 kDa NO PLASMA SEMINAL E A INIBIÇÃO DA MOTILIDADE ESPERMÁTICA NO JUNDIÁ Rhamdia quelen

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    Fatores proteicos tem sido indentificados no plasma seminal de peixes e mamíferos e, em algumas situações, associados com indicadores de qualidade espermática. Entretanto, para o jundiá (Rhamdia quelen), tais fatores como aqueles com potenciais associações ainda não foram descritos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram de identificar alguns fatores proteicos presentes no plasma seminal do jundiá e avaliar suas associações com a motilidade espermática. Através de eletroforese do tipo SDS-PAGE foram identificadas 14 bandas proteicas com peso molecular entre 217.1 e 7.1 kDa.  A motilidade espermática foi avaliada em 21 machos. Quatro bandas proteicas (81.5; 60.4; 33.6 e 25.5 kDa) foram detectadas em todas as amostras de plasma seminal analisadas. Uma banda proteica com peso molecular de 38.3 kDa foi associada com a baixa motilidade espermática no jundiá (P< 0,01), uma vez que foi detectada em 91.4% das amostras com motilidade menor que 80%. Estes resultados sugerem que esta banda proteica seminal associada com a baixa motilidade espermática poderá ser considerada como um potencial marcador bioquímico de qualidade seminal. Palavras-chaveS: Motilidade espermática, plasma seminal, proteínas, Rhamdia quelen, SDS-PAGE

    Dificuldades no tratamento de pacientes disfágicos em decorrência de Alzheimer no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)

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    A disfagia se apresenta como um distúrbio de deglutição característico em pacientes idosos com sinais e sintomas específicos, que tem como característica alterações em qualquer etapa ou entre etapas da dinâmica da deglutição, podendo ser congênita ou adquirida. Esse trabalho tem como objetivo, compreender as singularidades terapêuticas que o SUS oferece e, principalmente, a importância do tratamento desta patologia, no intuito de minimizar as dificuldades e melhorar a qualidade de vida. A Doença de Alzheimer, comum em pacientes idosos, caracteriza-se por manifestar perda progressiva da memória e do raciocínio abstrato. A localização da lesão é no início basal de Meynert, por degeneração de seus neurônios e consequente depleção de acetilcolina no córtex cerebral, causando possíveis disfagias que afetem a motricidade da fala. Tendo em vista os diversos empecilhos no tratamento, além de uma grande dificuldade no acesso desses pacientes ao Sistema Único de Saúde, buscam-se estratégias para tornar o SUS acolhedor para maiores feitos e progressos no tratamento. Os resultados mostraram que no SUS, apesar de serem feitos tratamentos e acompanhamentos para a DA, não há uma resolubilidade eficaz, visto que são poucos os estudos em torno desse assunto que comprovem uma influência maior do sistema único de saúde

    Measuring adherence to inhaled control medication in patients with asthma: Comparison among an asthma app, patient self‐report and physician assessment

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    Background Previous studies have demonstrated the feasibility of using an asthma app to support medication management and adherence but failed to compare with other measures currently used in clinical practice. However, in a clinical setting, any additional adherence measurement must be evaluated in the context of both the patient and physician perspectives so that it can also help improve the process of shared decision making. Thus, we aimed to compare different measures of adherence to asthma control inhalers in clinical practice, namely through an app, patient self-report and physician assessment. Methods This study is a secondary analysis of three prospective multicentre observational studies with patients (≥13 years old) with persistent asthma recruited from 61 primary and secondary care centres in Portugal. Patients were invited to use the InspirerMundi app and register their inhaled medication. Adherence was measured by the app as the number of doses taken divided by the number of doses scheduled each day and two time points were considered for analysis: 1-week and 1-month. At baseline, patients and physicians independently assessed adherence to asthma control inhalers during the previous week using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS 0–100). Results A total of 193 patients (72% female; median [P25–P75] age 28 [19–41] years old) were included in the analysis. Adherence measured by the app was lower (1 week: 31 [0–71]%; 1 month: 18 [0–48]%) than patient self-report (80 [60–95]) and physician assessment (82 [51–94]) (p 0.05). There was a moderate correlation between patient self-report and physician assessment (ρ = 0.596, p < 0.001). Conclusions Adherence measured by the app was lower than that reported by the patient or the physician. This was expected as objective measurements are commonly lower than subjective evaluations, which tend to overestimate adherence. Nevertheless, the low adherence measured by the app may also be influenced by the use of the app itself and this needs to be considered in future studies.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

    Alterações neurológicas associadas a SARS-CoV-2: uma revisão de literatura: Associated neurological changes the SARS-CoV-2: a literature review

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    Introdução. A doença comumente conhecida por COVID-19 é capaz de ser encontrada em todos os órgãos e sistemas. Contudo o SNC pode ser afetado de forma que cause danos significativos aos que foram acometidos pela mesma. Desta forma, este trabalho é uma revisão acerca dos achados e suas manifestações para que possamos no futuro triar, buscar e analisar fatores neurologicamente afetados. Objetivo. Analisar e revisar matérias que possam auxiliar no detalhamento acerca de alterações neurológicas oriundas da COVID-19. Método. A estratégia utilizada contou com estudos, tendo por base uma análise em plataformas como o Google Acadêmico, PubMed, SciELO, Medical Subject Heading (MeSH), nas quais cada fonte de dados contou com um estudo acerca dos títulos, assuntos e tipos específicos na língua portuguesa e inglesa. Resultados. Foi possível ao longo de 16 artigos analisados, observar que grande parte da população analisada teve alterações, sejam elas leves como mialgia, disfunções de olfato e paladar, podendo a ter alterações graves como o Acidente Vascular Cerebral (AVC). Além disso, foi possível observar que pacientes com morbidades como a DM e a HAS tiveram maiores propensões a doenças cerebrovasculares. Conclusão. Este estudo oferece uma nova forma de pensar e analisar as alterações causadas pela COVID-19, associado com as alterações neurológicas. Com isso, podemos ajudar a identificar e classificar as possíveis alterações, a fim de auxiliar no combate a alterações severas

    Abstracts from the Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Meeting 2016

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    Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

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    Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

    Genic transfer in sperm cells in Mus musculus and Ramdia quelem

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    Transgenic animals have been used as biological models in studies of the genes functions and their mechanisms of action, as well as to improve animal production. Researchers are trying to produce transgenic animals that will be organs donors in xenotransplants. Another use of the transgenic animal is in the production of recombinant proteins for pharmaceutical interest, starting from several tissues and corporal fluids of different animal species. Using TMGT (Testis Mediated Gene Transfer), the efficiency of pEGFP transgene transmission in mice using non surgical TMGT was evaluated, without epididymis electroporation; using transfectants as DMSO, liposomes, and for the first time the DMA. To evaluate the efficiency of non surgical TMGT in F0 the EGFP expression was evaluated in vivo and detection in genome was conducted by PCR analysis. Moreover, we evaluated which transfectants were more efficient in transgene transmission and if it induce histological damage in testis, by histological analysis. EGFP expression was not detected in F0 through the ultraviolet light.The result of the PCR analysis shows that liposomes and DMSO were the best transfectants for pEGFP in F0. The histological analysis shows that injections of DMSO with exogenous DNA could affect the development of the germ cell of seminal tubules. The purpose about SMGT was to evaluate the interaction of the spermatozoa of silver catfish with pEGFP vector. It was observed that the semen after three washes in isosmotic solution and at 1000 x g centrifugation could eliminate seminal plasma proteins and preserve cellular motility. The time of action of DNase in the seminal plasma was 30 minutes, the temperature of action of DNase ranged between 33-53°C and its inhibition was detected at 70°C. In the presence of EDTA 30mM the activity of DNase was inhibited. Through PCR it was detected that in the DNA of the silver catfish s spermatozoids, the amplicon of EGFP at different concentrations of pEGFP vector (5-100 ng/106 spermatozoa). We demonstrate that spermatozoa of the silver catfish need to be washed to remove seminal plasma before contact with exogenous DNA, after several washes exogenous DNA was internalized in spermatozoa.Os animais transgênicos vêm sendo empregados como modelos biológicos em estudos das funções dos genes e dos seus mecanismos de ação, bem como para melhorar a produção animal. Pesquisadores vêm tentando produzir animais transgênicos que serão doadores de órgãos em xenotransplantes. Outra utilização da transgênese animal é a produção de proteínas recombinantes de interesse farmacêutico a partir de diversos tecidos e fluidos corporais de diferentes espécies de animais. Em relação à TMGT (Testis Mediated Gene Transfer) foi avaliada a eficiência da transmissão do transgene EGFP em camundongos, utilizando a TMGT não cirúrgica, sem o uso de eletroporação no epidídimo; utilizando transfectantes como o DMSO, lipossomos, e pela primeira vez o DMA. A detecção da expressão do EGFP foi avaliada in vivo na F0 e por PCR, para comprovar a eficiência da TMGT não cirúrgica. Também foi analisado qual dos transfectantes propiciou a maior taxa de transmissão e se eles causaram danos histológicos aos testículos, através de análise histológica. Não foi detectada a expressão de EGFP, através da luz ultravioeta na F0. Os resultados da análise de PCR demonstraram que o lipossomo e o DMSO foram os melhores transfectantes do pEGFP na F0. A análise histológica demonstrou que a injeção de DMSO com o DNA exógeno, pode comprometer o desenvolvimento das células germinativas do túbulo seminal. O objetivo em relação à SMGT (Sperm-mediated gene transfer) foi avaliar a interação dos espermatozóides de silver catfish (Rhandia quelen) com o vetor pEGFP. Foi observado que o sêmen após três lavagens em solução isosmótica e centrifugadas à 1000 x g, eliminaram as proteínas do plasma seminal e preservaram a motilidade celular. O tempo de atividade da DNase no plasma seminal foi de 30 minutos, a temperatura de atividade da DNase variou entre 33-53°C e sua inativação ocorreu aos 70°C. Na presença de EDTA 30mM a atividade da DNase foi inibida. Através da PCR foi detectada a presença do pEGFP no DNA dos espermatozoides do silver catfish, que incorporaram o vetor em diferentes concentrações (5-100 ng/106 espermatozoides). Concluímos que os espermatozoides do silver catfish precisam ser lavados para retirada do da DNase do plasma seminal antes de entrar em contato com o DNA exógeno, e que após as lavagens ocorreu a internalização do DNA exógeno no espermatozoide
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