Automatic detection of verbal chilenismos using morphosyntactic rules. First results

En el presente artículo, se describen las tareas realizadas para el desarrollo de un extractor automático de verbos diferenciales del español chileno mediante la aplicación de reglas de lenguaje natural. A partir de este objetivo, se procedió a la modelización de características léxicas, morfológicas y sintácticas de estas expresiones, la cual permitió la posterior implantación en máquina. En primer lugar, se clasificaron los chilenismos verbales en cuatro tipos, según su uso registrado en los diccionarios y su naturaleza sintáctica: puros, puros pronominales, de sentido y de sentido pronominales. En segundo lugar, se establecieron reglas sintácticas para el reconocimiento automático. En el trabajo computacional se utilizaron las herramientas Smorph y Módulo Post Smorph, que trabajan en bloque a base de reglas del lenguaje natural. Este método se probó en un corpus compuesto por 5.194 tweets, producidos por usuarios chilenos, logrando 85,54% de precisión, 96.16% de cobertura y 90,53% de medida f. Los resultados permiten validar el método propuesto, aunque se detectaron algunas limitaciones y detecciones erróneas, lo que implicaría la necesidad de especificación de algunas reglas y la creación de nuevas, tanto para la detección automática como para el filtrado de etiquetados erróneos.In this paper, the tasks made for obtaining an automatic extractor for verbal chilenismos using natural language rules are described. With this objective, a formalization of lexical, morphological and syntactic features was made, for a subsequent computational implementation. Firstly, verbal chilenismos were classified in four kinds, according to the use registered in the dictionaries and syntactic features: pure, pure-clitic, of sense, and of sense- clitic. Secondly, syntactic rules were established for the automatic recognition. Smorph and Post Smorph Module were used in the computational work, both use natural language rules. The method was tested in a corpus composed by 5194 tweets produced in Chile, obtaining 85.54% of precision, 96.16% of coverage, and 90.53% of F-measure. The results show that this method is able for this kind of work, all the same, some limitations and mistakes were detected and more specific and new rules are necessary for the recognition task and for filtering wrong tagged

Análisis sobre el uso de Podcast en la Escuela Nacional de Trabajo Social considerando la ciencia de datos y el aprendizaje automático

El objetivo de esta investigación mixta es analizar las percepciones de los alumnos sobre el uso de Podcast en la Escuela Nacional de Trabajo Social considerando la ciencia de datos y el aprendizaje automático (machine learning). La muestra está compuesta por 44 estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) que cursaron la Licenciatura en Trabajo Social durante el ciclo escolar 2019. Los resultados del aprendizaje automático (regresión lineal) indican que la difusión de los contenidos escolares a través del Podcast influyen positivamente la asimilación del conocimiento, la motivación y el entusiasmo del estudiante durante el proceso educativo. La ciencia de datos identifica 3 modelos predictivos sobre el uso del Podcast en el contexto educativo por medio de la técnica árbol de decisión. Por último, la incorporación del Podcast en el campo educativo facilita la organización de nuevos espacios para el aprendizaje y la enseñanza

BASIC APPLICATION OF EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHM FOR CIRCUIT DESIGNING

The evolutionary algorithms are a mixture of techniques based on natural process; they are vast and varied as the same nature. However, there are some invariant elements in each algorithm: initial population creation, selection, reproduction, and the current work cover all of them. At first, the evolutionary algorithm can be considered complicated or confusing; although, the current work shows that this kind of algorithms are simple once the principles are understood. The proposed application for the developed algorithm is the solution of an electric circuit; even though, it is quite simple, since it only has resistances and voltage source, it can show the applicability of the evolutionary algorithm at the search of solutions, no matter the problem origin

30th Anniversary of Applied Intelligence: A combination of bibliometrics and thematic analysis using SciMAT

Applied Intelligence is one of the most important international scientific journals in the field of artificial intelligence. From 1991, Applied Intelligence has been oriented to support research advances in new and innovative intelligent systems, methodologies, and their applications in solving real-life complex problems. In this way, Applied Intelligence hosts more than 2,400 publications and achieves around 31,800 citations. Moreover, Applied Intelligence is recognized by the industrial, academic, and scientific communities as a source of the latest innovative and advanced solutions in intelligent manufacturing, privacy-preserving systems, risk analysis, knowledge-based management, modern techniques to improve healthcare systems, methods to assist government, and solving industrial problems that are too complex to be solved through conventional approaches. Bearing in mind that Applied Intelligence celebrates its 30th anniversary in 2021, it is appropriate to analyze its bibliometric performance, conceptual structure, and thematic evolution. To do that, this paper conducts a bibliometric performance and conceptual structure analysis of Applied Intelligence from 1991 to 2020 using SciMAT. Firstly, the performance of the journal is analyzed according to the data retrieved from Scopus, putting the focus on the productivity of the authors, citations, countries, organizations, funding agencies, and most relevant publications. Finally, the conceptual structure of the journal is analyzed with the bibliometric software tool SciMAT, identifying the main thematic areas that have been the object of research and their composition, relationship, and evolution during the period analyzed

Conversión de carbón a productos líquidos mediante despolimerización asistida por solventes: una revisión de los fundamentos y avances en la región

la búsqueda detransformar el carbón mineral en materiales más sencillos, se han ensayado varios procedimientos químicos de despolimerización(licuefacción, pirólisis, hidrogenación). El tratamiento con solventes luce como una alternativa que tiene la ventaja de requerir bajas temperaturas. Varios modelos macromoleculares han sido propuestos para explicar la interacción solvente-carbón. Se presenta una exposición de las características y antecedentes de la despolimerización, su aplicación en carbones y la potencialidad de la técnica para diversificar la industria carbonífera en los países de la región

A Methodological Process for the Design of Frameworks Oriented to Infotainment User Interfaces

The objective of this paper was to propose a methodological process for the design of frameworks oriented to infotainment user interfaces. Four stages comprise the proposed process, conceptualization, structuring, documentation, and evaluation; in addition, these stages include activities, tasks, and deliverables to guide a work team during the design of a framework. To determine the stages and their components, an analysis of 42 papers was carried out through a systematic literature review in search of similarities during the design process of frameworks related to user interfaces. The evaluation method by a panel of experts was used to determine the validity of the proposal; the conceptual proposal was provided to a panel of 10 experts for their analysis and later a questionnaire in the form of a Likert scale was used to collect the information on the validation of the proposal. The results of the evaluation indicated that the methodological process is valid to meet the objective of designing a framework oriented to infotainment user interfaces

A Methodological Process for the Design of Frameworks Oriented to Infotainment User Interfaces

The objective of this paper was to propose a methodological process for the design of frameworks oriented to infotainment user interfaces. Four stages comprise the proposed process, conceptualization, structuring, documentation, and evaluation; in addition, these stages include activities, tasks, and deliverables to guide a work team during the design of a framework. To determine the stages and their components, an analysis of 42 papers was carried out through a systematic literature review in search of similarities during the design process of frameworks related to user interfaces. The evaluation method by a panel of experts was used to determine the validity of the proposal; the conceptual proposal was provided to a panel of 10 experts for their analysis and later a questionnaire in the form of a Likert scale was used to collect the information on the validation of the proposal. The results of the evaluation indicated that the methodological process is valid to meet the objective of designing a framework oriented to infotainment user interfaces

Escritura : Un estudio de las habilidades de los estudiantes de América Latina y el Caribe

Este informe presenta los resultados alcanzados por los estudiantes en las pruebas de escritura del SERCE. Se trata de un reporte analítico, que ofrece datos sobre aspectos relevantes del proceso y el producto de la escritura, como lo que se transforma entre el borrador y el texto, la coherencia de las informaciones en la versión final, la adecuación del tema y el ajuste a la situación comunicativa, el uso del léxico y la corrección ortográfica, entre otros. Este tipo de información permitirá a los países participantes realizar análisis exhaustivos que apoyen las decisiones curriculares y didácticas encaminadas al mejoramiento de la enseñanza de la escritura, herramienta básica que la educación debe entregar de la mejor manera posible a cada ser humano

Recent advances in the application of stable isotopes as nutritional tools in aquaculture

From an ecological point of view, aquaculture systems consist of simple food webs having a limited number of nutritional sources. These characteristics facilitate the application of stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) to assess the flow of dietary components. Due to rapid and measurable bioaccumulation of the heavier stable isotopes, such isotopic shifts can be tracked at different times and at each trophic step to provide an indicator of what dietary components are being incorporated into animal tissue and how fast. The present manuscript presents results from recent, controlled nutritional experiments designed to quantify the relative contribution of dietary carbon and nitrogen supplied by different dietary items. Stable isotopes ratios were measured in a range of food sources and experimental animals. In a first experiment, juvenile shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei were reared on co-feeding regimes having different proportions of live biomass of the green macroalgae Ulva clathrata and inert feed in order to identify nutritional contributions to tissue growth using dual stable isotope analysis. In another trial, nitrogen stable isotopes were measured to explore the relative dietary nitrogen contributions from fish meal and pea meal (Pisum sativum) to the growth of white shrimp postlarvae fed low protein diets having different proportions of both ingredients. In a third, multidisciplinary experiment, Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) larvae were used as a model to evaluate the effect of different larval feeding regimes on (1) trypsinogen gene expression (ssetryp1), (2) trypsin and chymotrypsin activities and (3) changes in stable isotope composition to estimate the assimilation of dietary carbon from the larval diets

Impact of Arterial Stiffness on All-Cause Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19 in Spain

Older age and cardiovascular comorbidities are well-known risk factors for all-cause mortality in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Hypertension and age are the 2 principal determinants of arterial stiffness (AS). This study aimed to estimate AS in patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization and analyze its association with all-cause in-hospital mortality. This observational, retrospective, multicenter cohort study analyzed 12 170 patients admitted to 150 Spanish centers included in the SEMI-COVID-19 Network. We compared AS, defined as pulse pressure ≥60 mm Hg, and clinical characteristics between survivors and nonsurvivors. Mean age was 67.5 (±16.1) years and 42.5% were women. Overall, 2606 (21.4%) subjects died. Admission systolic blood pressure (BP) <120 and ≥140 mm Hg was a predictor of higher all-cause mortality (23.5% and 22.8%, respectively, P<0.001), compared with systolic BP between 120 and 140 mm Hg (18.6%). The 4379 patients with AS (36.0%) were older and had higher systolic and lower diastolic BP. Multivariate analysis showed that AS and systolic BP <120 mm Hg significantly and independently predicted all-cause in-hospital mortality (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj]: 1.27, P=0.0001; ORadj: 1.48, P=0.0001, respectively) after adjusting for sex (males, ORadj: 1.6, P=0.0001), age tertiles (second and third tertiles, ORadj: 2.0 and 4.7, P=0.0001), Charlson Comorbidity Index (second and third tertiles, ORadj: 4.8 and 8.6, P=0.0001), heart failure, and previous and in-hospital antihypertensive treatment. Our data show that AS and admission systolic BP <120 mm Hg had independent prognostic value for all-cause mortality in patients with COVID-19 requiring hospitalization