10 research outputs found
Factores Socioculturales y su influencia en un contexto intercultural de las actividades de salud en un contexto intercultural en tres barrios de Bilwi. RAAN 1999 - Mayo 2001
Estudio cualitativo con enfoque sociocultural en el que se tomĂł como universo a todos los y las pobladores del caso urbano de Bilwi de los barrios seleccionados (El Cocal, revoluciĂłn y Arlen Siu
RNAi-Based Functional Genomics Identifies New Virulence Determinants in Mucormycosis
Mucorales are an emerging group of human pathogens that are responsible for the lethal disease mucormycosis. Unfortunately, functional studies on the genetic factors behind the virulence of these organisms are hampered by their limited genetic tractability, since they are reluctant to classical genetic tools like transposable elements or gene mapping. Here, we describe an RNAi-based functional genomic platform that allows the identification of new virulence factors through a forward genetic approach firstly described in Mucorales. This platform contains a whole-genome collection of Mucor circinelloides silenced transformants that presented a broad assortment of phenotypes related to the main physiological processes in fungi, including virulence, hyphae morphology, mycelial and yeast growth, carotenogenesis and asexual sporulation. Selection of transformants with reduced virulence allowed the identification of mcplD, which encodes a Phospholipase D, and mcmyo5, encoding a probably essential cargo transporter of the Myosin V family, as required for a fully virulent phenotype of M. circinelloides. Knock-out mutants for those genes showed reduced virulence in both Galleria mellonella and Mus musculus models, probably due to a delayed germination and polarized growth within macrophages. This study provides a robust approach to study virulence in Mucorales and as a proof of concept identified new virulence determinants in M. circinelloides that could represent promising targets for future antifungal therapies
Time to Switch to Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in Children With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand.
Background: Data on durability of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in children with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are limited. We assessed time to switch to second-line therapy in 16 European countries and Thailand. Methods: Children aged <18 years initiating combination ART (â„2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors [NRTIs] plus nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor [NNRTI] or boosted protease inhibitor [PI]) were included. Switch to second-line was defined as (i) change across drug class (PI to NNRTI or vice versa) or within PI class plus change of â„1 NRTI; (ii) change from single to dual PI; or (iii) addition of a new drug class. Cumulative incidence of switch was calculated with death and loss to follow-up as competing risks. Results: Of 3668 children included, median age at ART initiation was 6.1 (interquartile range (IQR), 1.7-10.5) years. Initial regimens were 32% PI based, 34% nevirapine (NVP) based, and 33% efavirenz based. Median duration of follow-up was 5.4 (IQR, 2.9-8.3) years. Cumulative incidence of switch at 5 years was 21% (95% confidence interval, 20%-23%), with significant regional variations. Median time to switch was 30 (IQR, 16-58) months; two-thirds of switches were related to treatment failure. In multivariable analysis, older age, severe immunosuppression and higher viral load (VL) at ART start, and NVP-based initial regimens were associated with increased risk of switch. Conclusions: One in 5 children switched to a second-line regimen by 5 years of ART, with two-thirds failure related. Advanced HIV, older age, and NVP-based regimens were associated with increased risk of switch
Mouse hepatic oval cells require Met-dependent PI3K to impair TGF-ÎČ-Induced oxidative stress and apoptosis.
We have previously shown that oval cells harboring a genetically inactivated Met tyrosine kinase (Metâ/â oval cells) are more sensitive to TGF-ÎČ-induced apoptosis than cells expressing a functional Met (Metflx/flx), demonstrating that the HGF/Met axis plays a pivotal role in oval cell survival. Here, we have examined the mechanism behind this effect and have found that TGF-ÎČ induced a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic cell death in Metflx/flx and Metâ/â oval cells, associated with a marked increase in levels of the BH3-only proteins Bim and Bmf. Bmf plays a key role during TGF-ÎČ-mediated apoptosis since knocking down of BMF significantly diminished the apoptotic response in Met-/- oval cells. TGF-ÎČ also induced oxidative stress accompanied by NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) mRNA up-regulation and decreased protein levels of antioxidant enzymes. Antioxidants inhibit both TGF-ÎČ-induced caspase 3 activity and Bmf up-regulation, revealing an oxidative stress-dependent Bmf regulation by TGF-ÎČ. Notably, oxidative stress-related events were strongly amplified in Metâ/â oval cells, emphasizing the critical role of Met in promoting survival. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K did impair HGF-driven protection from TGF-ÎČ-induced apoptosis and increased sensitivity of Metflx/flx oval cells to TGF-Ă by enhancing oxidative stress, reaching apoptotic indices similar to those obtained in Metâ/â oval cells. Interestingly, both PI3K inhibition and/or knockdown itself resulted in caspase-3 activation and loss of viability in Metflx/flx oval cells, whereas no effect was observed in Metâ/â oval cells. Altogether, results presented here provide solid evidences that both paracrine and autocrine HGF/Met signaling requires PI3K to promote mouse hepatic oval cell survival against TGF-ÎČ-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis
Mouse hepatic oval cells require Met-dependent PI3K to impair TGF-ÎČ-Induced oxidative stress and apoptosis.
We have previously shown that oval cells harboring a genetically inactivated Met tyrosine kinase (Metâ/â oval cells) are more sensitive to TGF-ÎČ-induced apoptosis than cells expressing a functional Met (Metflx/flx), demonstrating that the HGF/Met axis plays a pivotal role in oval cell survival. Here, we have examined the mechanism behind this effect and have found that TGF-ÎČ induced a mitochondria-dependent apoptotic cell death in Metflx/flx and Metâ/â oval cells, associated with a marked increase in levels of the BH3-only proteins Bim and Bmf. Bmf plays a key role during TGF-ÎČ-mediated apoptosis since knocking down of BMF significantly diminished the apoptotic response in Met-/- oval cells. TGF-ÎČ also induced oxidative stress accompanied by NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) mRNA up-regulation and decreased protein levels of antioxidant enzymes. Antioxidants inhibit both TGF-ÎČ-induced caspase 3 activity and Bmf up-regulation, revealing an oxidative stress-dependent Bmf regulation by TGF-ÎČ. Notably, oxidative stress-related events were strongly amplified in Metâ/â oval cells, emphasizing the critical role of Met in promoting survival. Pharmacological inhibition of PI3K did impair HGF-driven protection from TGF-ÎČ-induced apoptosis and increased sensitivity of Metflx/flx oval cells to TGF-Ă by enhancing oxidative stress, reaching apoptotic indices similar to those obtained in Metâ/â oval cells. Interestingly, both PI3K inhibition and/or knockdown itself resulted in caspase-3 activation and loss of viability in Metflx/flx oval cells, whereas no effect was observed in Metâ/â oval cells. Altogether, results presented here provide solid evidences that both paracrine and autocrine HGF/Met signaling requires PI3K to promote mouse hepatic oval cell survival against TGF-ÎČ-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis
PolĂticas pĂșblicas
Amputación de extremidades superiores: caracterización epidemiológicaAnálisis comparado de las políticas de promoción de la salud entre Chile y CataluñaAnálisis de los Avisa para la toma de decisiones en políticas de saludAntecedentes de colelitiasis en pacientes que presentaron colecistitis aguda. ¿Se puede prevenir la urgencia?Asociación entre alcoholemia y traumatismos en Copiapó, 2009Automedicación en la población asistente al Cesfam de Puerto NatalesAutotoma vaginal para detección de VPH para la prevención de cáncer cervicouterino, ChileCalidad de atención programa Auge- cáncer cervicouterino: la perspectiva de los profesionalesCaracterización de los casos de traumatismo encéfalo craneano en la comuna de Til-TilConocimiento de conductores universitarios sobre la alcoholemia permitida para conducir y su equivalencia en bebidas alcohólicasDescripción de la consulta dermatológica pediátrica en el Hospital Roberto del Río (2007-2008)Elementos para un abordaje metodológico de la salud intercultural en la Región Metropolitana de SantiagoEstudio descriptivo de consultas Sapu Cesfam Angachilla, visión tras dos años de registro clínico-electrónicoEstudio descriptivo de ingresos a Conin Valdivia, una revisión de 10 años (1998-2008)Estudio descriptivo de pacientes hospitalizados por absceso y celulitis peritonsilar en el hospital de PurranqueEvaluación de la aceptabilidad y consumo de alimentos del Pacam inscritos en el Cesfam Dr. V.M.FEvaluación de la interacción de medicinas alternativas o complementarias (MAC) en dos centros APSExposición a humo de tabaco ambiental. Signos y síntomas respiratorios bajos: estudio de prevalenciaFactores relacionados con la rotación laboral de médicos en consultorios del Gran SantiagoFibrosis quística como patología GES: una mirada críticaHipersensibilidad dentinaria: comparación de diferentes alternativas terapéuticasImpacto del GES en cáncer mamario: seguimiento a 5 años en un hospital del SSMSImplementación de la política nacional de medicamentos: percepción del profesional químico farmacéuticoLa implementación de políticas públicas cambió mortalidad de los pacientes gran quemado en Chile¿La infertilidad debería ser considerada un problema de salud pública en el Perú?Modelo de monitoreo de una política de protección a la infanciaMortalidad materna en el Hospital Dr. Alfredo van Grieken Coro, Estado Falcón, Venezuela 2005-2009Objetivos de desarrollo del milenio. Modelación de la mortalidad infantil Nicaragua - Costa Rica 1978-2008Percepción de riesgo y beneficio respecto del cigarrillo y su relación con el tabaquismo adolescentePolíticas públicas y salud intercultural: la experiencia de la organización indígena Taiñ adkimnPrevalencia de atipias celulares del cuello uterino en mujeres entre 18 y 24 añosProceso de ser histerectomizada: relatos de experiencias de mujeres en un hospital público de SantiagoProceso de ser histerectomizada: relatos de experiencias de mujeres en un hospital público de SantiagoPrograma Auge y cáncer cervicouterino: calidad de atención percibida por las usuarias del programaResolución quirúrgica por patología adenoamigdalina: ¿Es la población mapuche un grupo de riesgo?Resultados de alcoholemias tanatológicas del Servicio Médico Legal de Copiapó 1999-2009Resultados de la evaluación de los objetivos sanitarios de la década 2000-2010Una mirada a los servicios de salud para adolescentes en Puente Alt
Corporate social responsibility disclosure and information asymmetry: the role of family ownership
Children living with HIV in Europe: do migrants have worse treatment outcomes?
International audienceTo assess the effect of migrant status on treatment outcomes among children living with HIV in Europe
Prevalence and Clinical Outcomes of Poor Immune Response Despite Virologically Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy Among Children and Adolescents With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Europe and Thailand: Cohort Study
BACKGROUND: In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive adults, low CD4 cell counts despite fully suppressed HIV-1 RNA on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been associated with increased risk of morbidity and mortality. We assessed the prevalence and outcomes of poor immune response (PIR) in children receiving suppressive ART. METHODS: Sixteen cohorts from the European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) contributed data. Children <18 years at ART initiation, with sustained viral suppression (VS) (â€400 copies/mL) for â„1 year were included. The prevalence of PIR (defined as World Health Organization advanced/severe immunosuppression for age) at 1 year of VS was described. Factors associated with PIR were assessed using logistic regression. Rates of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or death on suppressive ART were calculated by PIR status. RESULTS: Of 2318 children included, median age was 6.4 years and 68% had advanced/severe immunosuppression at ART initiation. At 1 year of VS, 12% had PIR. In multivariable analysis, PIR was associated with older age and worse immunological stage at ART start, hepatitis B coinfection, and residing in Thailand (all P †.03). Rates of AIDS/death (95% confidence interval) per 100 000 person-years were 1052 (547, 2022) among PIR versus 261 (166, 409) among immune responders; rate ratio of 4.04 (1.83, 8.92; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: One in eight children in our cohort experienced PIR despite sustained VS. While the overall rate of AIDS/death was low, children with PIR had a 4-fold increase in risk of event as compared with immune responders