UV PROTECTION WITH ZEOLITE TREATED COTTON KNITTED FABRIC - THE INFLUENCE OF YARN LINEAR DENSITY

UV radiation (UV-R) can be divided into UV-A, UV-B and UV-C radiation. UV-C radiation get absorbed by atmosphere, but diminishing of the ozone layer results with the reaching of UV-B and UV-A rays on the Earths surface. Even though the UV-A rays are necessary for vitamin D synthesis, longer exposure to UV-A and UV-B rays can cause acute and chronic reactions and damages such as erythema (sunburn), sun tanning, photocarcinogenesis and photoaging, as well as known skin aging and recently the formation of skin malignant neoplasm. Garment provides some UV protection, but in most cases there are not enough its sun screening properties. This protection, among other large number of factors, highly depends on fabric surface and construction, especially for longer pending in the sun. Therefore, in last few years different protective finishes and material modification were developed. This paper deals with the influence of yarn linear density of cotton knitted fabric on its ultraviolet skin protection expressed as ultraviolet protection factor (UPF). The effects of yarn linear density on UPF using knitted fabrics from the same cotton fibers were discussed. Raw, pretreated and zeolite treated cotton fabrics were used. UV-A and UV-B transmissions were measured on transmission spectrophotometer Cary 50 Solarscreen (Varian) according to AATCC Test Method 183-2000. On the base of these values Ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) was calculated

Active Multifunctional Cotton Treated with Zeolite Nanoparticles

Prirodni zeoliti su kristali aluminijskih silikata s jedinstvenim apsorpcijskim i katalitičkim svojstvima. U medicini im se pripisuju antitumorska, antialergijska, antiseptička, antireumatska i druga svojstva, te snažan utjecaj na poboljšanje cirkulacije. Dodatak nanočestica zeolita u različitim fazama predobrade i obrade tekstila novost je u oplemenjivanju tekstila za multifunkcijske učinke zaštite. Zeoliti doprinose zaštiti od UV zračenja jer raspršuju UV zračenje, za razlilku od drugih sredstava koja ga apsorbiraju i tako sprječavaju njihovu transmisiju. Dodani azalidima u oplemenjivanju tekstila, zeoliti pojačavaju njihovo učinkovito antimikrobno djelovanje. U radu je pamučno pletivo mercerizirano i bijeljeno uz dodatak nanočestica aktiviranog zeolita, klinoptilolita, te obrađeno azalidom u svrhu postizanja multifunkcijske zaštite. Klinoptilolit je dodan u kupelj za predobradu, obradu i modifikaciju pamuka. Svojstva obrađenog pamuka određena su međunarodnim normama (EN, ISO, AS/NZS, AATCC).Natural zeolites are aluminosilicate crystals with unique absorption and catalyst properties. In medicine they are attributed antitumor, antiallergic, antiseptic, antireumatic and other properties. They also exert a strong influence on blood circulation improvement. Addition of zeolite nanoparticles in different textile pre-treatment and treatment phases is a novelty in textile finishing for multifunctional protection effects. Zeolites make a contribution to UV protection since they disperse UV radiation unlike other agents which absorb it and prevent their transmission. If zeolites are added to azalides in textile finishing, they increase their efficacious antimicrbial action. The paper describes cotton knitted fabric mercerized and bleached with addition of activated zeolite, clinoptilolite nanoparticles and treated with azalide to achieve multifunctional protection. Clinoptilotite was added into baths for cotton pretreatment, treatment and modification. Properties of the treated cotton were determined by international standards (EN, ISO, AS/NZS, AATCC)

Molecular characterization of human papillomavirus type 159 (HPV159)

Human papillomavirus type 159 (HPV159) was identified in an anal swab sample and preliminarily genetically characterized by our group in 2012. Here we present a detailed molecular in silico analysis that showed that the HPV159 viral genome is 7443 bp in length and divided into five early and two late genes, with conserved functional domains and motifs, and a non-coding long control region (LCR) with significant regulatory sequences that allow the virus to complete its life cycle and infect novel host cells. HPV159, clustering into the cutaneotropic Betapapillomavirus (Beta-PV) genus, is phylogenetically most similar to HPV9, forming an individual phylogenetic group in the viral species Beta-2. After testing a large representative collection of clinical samples with HPV159 type-specific RT-PCR, in addition to the anal canal from which the first HPV159 isolate was obtained, HPV159 was further detected in other muco-cutaneous (4/181, 2.2%), mucosal (22/764, 2.9%), and cutaneous (14/554, 2.5%) clinical samples, suggesting its extensive tissue tropism. However, because very low HPV159 viral loads were estimated in the majority of positive samples, it seemed that HPV159 mainly caused clinically insignificant infections of the skin and mucosa. Using newly developed, highly sensitive HPV159-specific nested PCRs, two additional HPV159 LCR viral variants were identified. Nevertheless, all HPV159 mutations were demonstrated outside important functional domains of the LCR, suggesting that the HPV159 viral variants were most probably not pathogenically different. This complete molecular characterization of HPV159 enhances our knowledge of the genome characteristics, tissue tropism, and phylogenetic diversity of Beta-PVs that infect humans

Possible application of an electronic tongue for rapid gluten detection in gluten free flours

In this study a commercially available electronic tongue (αAstree, Alpha M.O.S.) was employed as a technique for gluten free and regular flour samples classification. Additionally, rapid determination of gluten content and other physicochemical parameters including protein content, acidity, reducing sugar content and total reducing sugar content was performed. The classification performance of the sensor array was assessed by multivariate exploratory techniques. The physicochemical characterization of gluten free and regular flours, including gluten content prediction, was obtained by artificial neural networks (ANN) modelling. The reference values of gluten content in flour samples were determined by the ELISA method, while reference values of protein content, acidity, reducing sugar content and total reducing sugar content were determined by standard analytical methods. The application of the electronic tongue, combined with ANN, in the differentiation of gluten free and regular flour samples resulted in 95.2% and 100% correct classifications, respectively. The developed ANN models for the prediction of gluten content in flour samples as well as protein content, acidity, reducing sugar content and total reducing sugar content, showed high potential of the electronic tongue as a simple and rapid technique for the prediction of gluten content and other physicochemical parameters of gluten free and regular flour samples. The results of this work implicate that the electronic tongue can be employed in the evaluation of gluten content and characterization of different flours, without time-consuming sample preparation, chemicals involved and without additional time or costs, except the initial measurements required for ANN model development

FUTURE OF DRONS

Tema ovog rada je budućnost dronova koja će se obraditi u radu. Dron ili bespilotna letjelica je tehnologija koja postaje sve naprednija i počinje biti sve važnija. Dronovi su u početku bili napravljeni u vojne svrhe, a danas se koriste u različite namjene od fotografije, nadzora pa sve do spašavanja. Njima upravlja pilot na daljinu ili imaju unaprijed određene rute. Postoje različite vrste dronova prema veličini, s obzirom na domet, itd. U pravilniku o dronovima je rečeno da se dronovima smije letjeti samo danju, 120 metara iznad tla i ne smije se letjeti iznad ljudi. Dronovi pomažu i slabo razvijenim zemljama dostavom lijekova i farmerima za praćenja stanja tla.The topic of this final work is future of drones which will be discussed. Drone or unmanned aerial vehicle is tehnology which becames more advanced and important. In the beggining, drone were made only in military purporses but today they are being used in different purporses like photography, aerial survey and rescuing. The are managed by remote pilot or have certain route. The are different types of drones by size, range, etc. In the rules of drones it is said that drones can fly on by day, 120 meters above the ground and they can't fly above people. Drones help poorly developed countries by medicine delivery and farmers to track soil condition

The Early Upper Paleolithic Site Crvenka-At, Serbia–The First Aurignacian Lowland Occupation Site in the Southern Carpathian Basin

The Carpathian Basin is a key region for understanding modern human expansion into western Eurasia during the Late Pleistocene because of numerous early hominid fossil find spots. However, the corresponding archeological record remains less understood due to a paucity of well dated, contextualized sites. To help rectify this, we excavated and sampled Crvenka-At (Serbia), one of the largest Upper Paleolithic sites in the region to obtain radiometric ages for the archeological artifacts and evaluate their depositional context and subsequent site formation processes. Our results confirm that this locality represents a multiple-occupation Aurignacian site that dates to 36.4 ± 2.8 ka based on modeling of luminescence ages. Electrical resistivity tomography measurements indicate that the site formed on a sandy-gravelly fill terrace covered by overbank deposits. Complex grain size distributions further suggest site formation in contrasting depositional environments typically occurring alongside fluvial channels, at lakeshores, in alluvial fan or delta settings. The site is thus the closest (ca. 50 km) known Aurignacian site to the earliest undisputed modern human remains in Europe at the Peştera cu oase and some intervals of the occupation may therefore have been contemporaneous with them. This suggests that modern humans, during their initial settlement of Europe, exploited a wider range of topographic and ecological settings than previously posited. Our findings indicate that lowland areas of the Carpathian Basin are an important part of understanding the early settlement patterns of modern humans in Europe

The Early Upper Paleolithic Site Crvenka-At, Serbia–The First Aurignacian Lowland Occupation Site in the Southern Carpathian Basin

The Carpathian Basin is a key region for understanding modern human expansion into western Eurasia during the Late Pleistocene because of numerous early hominid fossil find spots. However, the corresponding archeological record remains less understood due to a paucity of well dated, contextualized sites. To help rectify this, we excavated and sampled Crvenka-At (Serbia), one of the largest Upper Paleolithic sites in the region to obtain radiometric ages for the archeological artifacts and evaluate their depositional context and subsequent site formation processes. Our results confirm that this locality represents a multiple-occupation Aurignacian site that dates to 36.4 +/- 2.8 ka based on modeling of luminescence ages. Electrical resistivity tomography measurements indicate that the site formed on a sandy-gravelly fill terrace covered by overbank deposits. Complex grain size distributions further suggest site formation in contrasting depositional environments typically occurring alongside fluvial channels, at lakeshores, in alluvial fan or delta settings. The site is thus the closest (ca. 50 km) known Aurignacian site to the earliest undisputed modern human remains in Europe at the Pestera cu oase and some intervals of the occupation may therefore have been contemporaneous with them. This suggests that modern humans, during their initial settlement of Europe, exploited a wider range of topographic and ecological settings than previously posited. Our findings indicate that lowland areas of the Carpathian Basin are an important part of understanding the early settlement patterns of modern humans in Europe

Potential approaches for the pricing of cancer medicines across Europe to enhance the sustainability of healthcare systems and the implications

Introduction: There are growing concerns among European health authorities regarding increasing prices for new cancer medicines, prices not necessarily linked to health gain and the implications for the sustainability of their healthcare systems. Areas covered: Narrative discussion principally among payers and their advisers regarding potential approaches to the pricing of new cancer medicines. Expert opinion: A number of potential pricing approaches are discussed including minimum effectiveness levels for new cancer medicines, managed entry agreements, multicriteria decision analyses (MCDAs), differential/tiered pricing, fair pricing models, amortization models as well as de-linkage models. We are likely to see a growth in alternative pricing deliberations in view of ongoing challenges. These include the considerable number of new oncology medicines in development including new gene therapies, new oncology medicines being launched with uncertainty regarding their value, and continued high prices coupled with the extent of confidential discounts for reimbursement. However, balanced against the need for new cancer medicines. This will lead to greater scrutiny over the prices of patent oncology medicines as more standard medicines lose their patent, calls for greater transparency as well as new models including amortization models. We will be monitoring these developments