Occurrence of a Ctenacanthoid Shark Spine from the Upper Devonian of North Central Iowa

Although a diverse, invertebrate fauna is characteristic of the Upper Devonian, Lime Creek Formation, in north central Iowa, fossil fish remains are sparse. A detached and incomplete shark spine with ctenacanthoid features is reported and described. The specimen is the best example of the first occurrences of its kind from Devonian of Iowa. Despite some asymmetry in shape, the spine is interpreted as the cutwater of a dorsal fin. Overall length of the shark is estimated at l-l.5m

Recurrent Community Patterns in Epeiric Seas: The Lower Silurian of Eastern Iowa

In eastern Iowa, the Llandovery Series (Lower Silurian) consists of the Edgewood and Kankakee formations as well as much of the Hopkinton Dolomite. Outcrops of these rocks provide fossil assemblages of marine benthic invertebrates well suited for reconstructing epeiric sea communities. Results of preliminary field studies in Dubuque, Jackson. Jones, and Delaware counties indicate that an initial Lingula Community at the base of the section is succeeded by recurrent patterns of Coral, Pentamerid, and Stricklandid communities. The patterns are interpreted as community response to fluctuations in sea level, estimated to vary between a few and 60 m. At least two repetitions of deepening to shallowing seas are represented, possibly linked to eustatic causes. The orderly sequence of communities, symmetric with respect to reversals in changing water depth, suggests that the local geologic record is reasonably complete. Beds of the Hopkinton Dolomite previously unrecognized as distinct units are described and the first occurrences of the brachiopods, Cyrtia and Ferganella, from the Lower Silurian of Iowa are reporte

New Member Names for the Lower Silurian Hopkinton Dolomite of Eastern Iowa

Previously divided primarily on the basis of paleontologic units, the approximately 60-80 m thick Hopkinton Dolomite in eastern Iowa also comprises a set of lithologically unique subunits. With the development of a new capability for inter-regional correlation of Lower Silurian strata based on the use of sea-level curves, it is especially appropriate to recognize these subdivisions of the Hopkinton Dolomite as formal member units. Locally, the relationships shown by these units may also contribute to a better understanding of the Plum River Fault Zone and its associated structures in Iowa and Illinois. Willman (1973) named the Sweeney and Marcus Formations for strata in northwestern Illinois that he physically correlated with the Syringopora and Pentamerus Beds of the lower Hopkinton Dolomite. It is recommended that these units receive wider application as the Sweeney and Marcus Members of the Hopkinton Dolomite. The names Farmers Creek, Picture Rock, Johns Creek Quarry, Welton, and Buck Creek Quarry are proposed as members of the remaining middle to upper Hopkinton Dolomite. These names supersede the Cydocrinites, Favosites, Bioherm, Cyrtia, and Pentameroides Beds, respectively (Johnson, 1975; 1980)

Insights into the Timing, Origin, and Deformation of the Highland Mountains Gneiss Dome in Southwestern Montana, USA

The Highland Mountains of southwestern Montana offer a unique view of the Archean igneous and metamorphic rocks within the Great Falls tectonic zone (GFTZ). A Paleoproterozoic structural gneiss dome has been interpreted in the southern extent of the Highland Mountains. The ∼ 130km2 of exhumed metamorphic rocks and gneiss dome exposed in the Highland Mountains are the primary focus of this research. The formation of the Highland Mountains gneiss dome is proposed to be directly related to a northwest-side down detachment (the Steels Pass shear zone) that formed during terrane collision along the GFTZ. The field investigation determined foliation and lineation orientation measurements taken at 65 stations. Twenty-two field oriented samples were obtained from a variety of rock types distributed across the ∼ 24 km2 field area. Three field-based domains were established from the lithology, foliation, and lineation observations. Full-section X-ray maps of three sample thin-sections were collected via EPMA to identify all monazite grains. Twenty-eight grains were mapped at high-spatial resolution (0.3–6.0 μm). Thin section micro-structures observed show effects of a multistage deformation history with both dynamic and static recrystallization processes. Monazite geochronology of one thin section revealed two distinct populations of monazite grains; Archean (∼ 2.5 Ga) and Mesoproterozoic (∼ 1.5 Ga). The older population represents the crystallization age of either, or both the Medicine Hat block and the Wyoming province terranes. The younger population is hypothesized to have grown during deformation/alteration associated with the formation of the Belt-Purcell Rift Basin

A Status Study of the Building Trades Programs in the State of Illinois

No abstract provided by author

An Examination of Quantum Foundations

Quantum foundations is a field of diverse goals and methods. In this thesis, I will present three different approaches to quantum foundations, each emphasizing a different goal or perspective. The causaloid framework has the goal is to use insight from quantum foundations to study quantum gravity. Ontic models are a tool used to study realist theories of quantum mechanics from an operational quantum information perspective. Nelson's mechanics is a derivation of the Schrodinger equation using the machinery of stochastic mechanics. As each of these approaches has different set of goals, they are suited to different purposes and have different limitations. From the causaloid, I construct the concept of causally unbiased entropy and at the same time, find an emergent idea of causality in the form of a measure of causal connectedness, termed the Q factor. In the ontic models framework, I reproduce the generalization of the concept of contextuality. For Nelson's mechanics, I examine its relationship to Bohmian mechanics - a realist formulation of quantum mechanics. I will then examine the relationship of these different approaches to one another. From this examination I will introduce the concept of physical contextuality in order to ask whether contextuality could be more than just a mathematical artifact. I also include a discussion of the property of deficiency in ontic models and its relation to contextuality given certain constraints

Sulphidic mineralization in the vicinity of the Bílina fault

Neoidní sulfidická mineralizace vyskytující se v terciérních sedimentech Lomu Bílina v lokalitě bílinského zlomu je hydrotermálního původu. Mineralizace je vázána na zlomové systémy oháreckého riftu. Teplota krystalizačních fluid se pohybovala kolem 50řC. Mineralizace bílinského zlomu je dosti jednotvárná, většinou se vyskytuje markazit bez stopových příměsí, dále čistý pyrit. Byly ale také zaznamenány zóny s obsahy stopových příměsí, především arsenu a niklu. Obsahy As obohacených růstových zón kolísaly od 0,2 - 5,4 hm. %, Ni bohaté zóny se pohybovaly v rozmezí 1,6-5,9 hm. %. Růstové zóny v agregátech se zvýšeným obsahem As a Ni byly velmi tenké, přínos fluid obohacených As a Ni zřejmě probíhal ve velmi krátkých časových periodách. Ve vzorcích markazitu byly dále nalezeny pórovité zóny mikroinkluzí jílových minerálů. Tyto zóny zvýšeného obsahu Al a Si kopírovaly růstové zóny jednotlivých krystalů. Disulfidy se na lokalitě vyskytují v hojném množství a to jak rozptýlené v uhelné sloji, tak vázané na tektonickou zónu bílinského zlomu. Pyrit a markazit rozptýlený v uhelné sloji geneticky nesouvisí se sulfidy vázanými na bílinský zlom.The neoidic sulphide mineralization located in tertiary sediments of Lom Bílina in Bílina's fault is of hydrothermal origin. The sulphidic mineralization is associated with fault systems of Eger rift and temperature of fluid crystallization was about 50řC. The mineralization of Bílina's fault is rather monotonous, the marcasite and pyrite is mostly found without a trace elements. In the crystals were also registered zones with the contents of trace elements, especially As and Ni. The contents of As enriched precipitation zones were fluctuating from 0,2 to 5,4 wt. %, Ni enriched zones were ranged from 1,6 to 5,9 wt. %. The precipitation zones with increased As and Ni content were very thin, there were very short time intervals of As and Ni enriched fluids precipitation. In the marcasite crystals were also found the porous zones of clay mineral microinclusions. These zones showed higher content of Al and Si. There is high abundance of Fe-disulfides at Bílina's fault-dispersed in coal bed, or bonded to tectonic zone of the Bílina's fault. Pyrite and marcasite are dispersed in the coal bed and genetially aren't related to sulphides bonded to Bílina's fault.Institute of Geochemistry, Mineralogy and Mineral ResourcesÚstav geochemie, mineralogie a nerostných zdrojůFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult

Assessing the knowledge of emergency medical care personnel in the Free State, South Africa, on aspects of paediatric pre-hospital emergency care

Introduction: in South Africa in 2016, injuries accounted for 4 483 deaths of children aged 0-4 years. Prior studies have reported that, in some parts of the country, poor pre-hospital clinical care is a key contributor to the morbidity and mortality of critically ill and injured children. A key component of a coordinated emergency health care system are emergency medical care (EMC) personnel. Here, we assess the knowledge of EMC personnel employed by the Free State Department of Health on aspects of paediatric pre-hospital emergency care. Methods: this descriptive study used a questionnaire survey to obtain data on the knowledge of Free State EMC personnel on aspects of paediatric pre-hospital emergency care. Results: only 197 of the initial 250 questionnaires distributed were returned, giving a response rate of 78.8%. More than half (51.2%) of the participants across the five districts had inadequate knowledge of paediatric pre-hospital emergency care. The majority of EMC personnel could not calculate the paediatric blood pressure for age and did not know the paediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (74.0% and 53.4% respectively; P < 0.0001 in both cases). Participants attributed inadequate knowledge to limited exposure to paediatrics cases, insufficient training, limited scope of practice, and lack of equipment. Conclusion: enhancing the knowledge and skills of EMC personnel in paediatrics pre-hospital care through a short learning programme or continuous professional development programme, and providing adequate paediatric emergency equipment, will ensure that comprehensive pre-hospital emergency care is given to paediatric patients in the province

The Electrostatic Interaction of Charged, Dust-Particle Pairs in Plasmas

We report the results of a study of the electrostatic interaction between negatively charged particles in a plasma. The goal of the study was to investigate the possibility of an attractive interaction which would make possible the formation of “molecules” of particles. For all approximations relating the positive ion density to the local electrostatic potential that we examined, we find that the interaction is repulsive for all particle separations