Effect of Unsaturation, Cyclization and Isotopic Substitution on Critical Demixing Temperatures

The demixing curves in binary systems of nitromethane with 11 1-alkenes, 6 cycloalkanes and 2 cycloalkenes, and of CD8COCD3 with 5 n.alkanes were measured. Critical demixing temperatures: a) are additively affected by unsaturation and cyclization in the first group of systems; b) are increased by a constant amount in the second group, in comparison to the corresponding systems containing CH3COCH3

Profondit? di mescolamento e valutazione del tempo di residenza delle acque del Lago Maggiore

Not availableRicerche sull\u27evoluzione del Lago Maggiore. Aspetti limnologici. Programma triennale 2013-2015. Campagna 2013. Profondit? di mescolamento Idrodinamica del Lago Maggiore: dipendenza dalla NAO dal tempo locale e dal trend climatico. Scopo del lavoro e metodologia. Procedura statistica. Primi risultati

Il mescolamento invernale del lago: dipendenza dalla meteorologia locale, dalle oscillazioni oceaniche nord-atlantiche (NAO) e dai cambiamenti climatici globali

Not availableCONTENUTI CALORICI, TEMPERATURA, OSSIGENO E STABILIT? TERMICA NELLE ACQUE DEL LAGO MAGGIORE NELL\u27ANNO 2014: Profondit? di mescolamento. ASPETTI DELLA DINAMICA DEL LAGO MAGGIORE CONDIZIONATI DAL CLIMA: Rapporto tra temperatura dell\u27aria e dell\u27acqua ; Contenuto di calore; Profondit? di mescolamento; Concentrazioni dell\u27 ossigeno ipolimnico; Stabilit? termica ; Rapporti tra gli indici M, NAOW e Trend

Probiotics-addicted low-protein diet for microbiota modulation in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (ProLowCKD): A protocol of placebo-controlled randomized trial

Abstract Microbiota is a term coined to describe the population of bacteria, viruses and fungi that inhabit in symbiosis within a living host. A connection between unbalanced microbiota and chronic kidney disease has been established. In these patients, high levels of urea reach the intestine promoting the overgrowth of bacterial species that are prone to generate uremic toxins. Due to the high morbidity and mortality of this condition, a large number of therapeutic approaches to reduce inflammation and microbial uremic toxins have been proposed, with controversial results. A low protein diet, with a protein intake of 0.6–0.8 g/kg of body weight, is a useful and historically pursued option with this regard. The aim of our study is to evaluate, among patients with advanced renal failure not on dialysis, the synergic beneficial effects of this diet and the selected probiotics Bifidobacterium longum (mix DLBL) and Lactobacillus reuteri LRE02 (DSM 23878)

Alemtuzumab long-term immunologic effect: Treg suppressor function increases up to 24 months

To analyze changes in T-helper (Th) subsets, T-regulatory (Treg) cell percentages and function, and mRNA levels of immunologically relevant molecules during a 24-month follow-up after alemtuzumab treatment in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS)

Role of the co-stimulatory molecule inducible T-cell co-stimulator ligand (ICOSL) in the progression of experimental metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis

Background and aimsInducible T-cell Co-Stimulator (ICOS) present on T-lymphocytes and its ligand ICOSL expressed by myeloid cells play multiple roles in regulating T-cell functions. However, recent evidence indicates that reverse signalling involving ICOSL is also important in directing the differentiation of monocyte-derived cells. In this study, we investigated the involvement of ICOS/ICOSL dyad in modulating macrophage functions during the evolution of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH).ResultsIn animal models of MASH, ICOS was selectively up-regulated on CD8+ T-cells in parallel with an expansion of ICOSL-expressing macrophages. An increase in circulating soluble ICOSL was also evident in patients with MASH as compared to healthy individuals. ICOSL knockout (ICOSL-/-) mice receiving choline/methionine deficient (MCD) diet for 6 weeks had milder steatohepatitis than wild type mice. MASH improvement was confirmed in mice fed with cholesterol-enriched Western diet for 24 weeks in which ICOSL deficiency greatly reduced liver fibrosis along with the formation of crown-like macrophage aggregates producing the pro-fibrogenic mediators osteopontin (OPN) and galectin-3 (Gal-3). These effects associated with a selective shewing of F4-80+/CD11bhigh monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs) expressing the Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) to CD11blow/F4-80+ cells positive for the Kupffer cell marker C-type lectin-like type 2 receptor (CLEC-2), thus indicating an increased MoMF maturation toward monocyte-derived Kupffer cells.ConclusionsThese results suggest that CD8+ T-cells interaction with monocyte-derived macrophages through ICOS/ICOSL critically supports a specific subset of TREM2+-expressing cells contributing to the evolution of steatohepatitis. The data also point ICOS/ICOSL dyad as a possible target for therapeutic interventions in MASH

Determinants of long COVID among adults hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection: A prospective cohort study

Rationale: Factors associated with long-term sequelae emerging after the acute phase of COVID-19 (so called "long COVID") are unclear. Here, we aimed to identify risk factors for the development of COVID-19 sequelae in a prospective cohort of subjects hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 infection and followed up one year after discharge. Methods: A total of 324 subjects underwent a comprehensive and multidisciplinary evaluation one year after hospital discharge for COVID-19. A subgroup of 247/324 who consented to donate a blood sample were tested for a panel of circulating cytokines. Results: In 122 patients (37.8%) there was evidence of at least one persisting physical symptom. After correcting for comorbidities and COVID-19 severity, the risk of developing long COVID was lower in the 109 subjects admitted to the hospital in the third wave of the pandemic than in the 215 admitted during the first wave, (OR 0.69, 95%CI 0.51-0.93, p=0.01). Univariable analysis revealed female sex, diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) value, body mass index, anxiety and depressive symptoms to be positively associated with COVID-19 sequelae at 1 year. Following logistic regression analysis, DLCO was the only independent predictor of residual symptoms (OR 0.98 CI 95% (0.96-0.99), p=0.01). In the subgroup of subjects with normal DLCO (> 80%), for whom residual lung damage was an unlikely explanation for long COVID, the presence of anxiety and depressive symptoms was significantly associated to persistent symptoms, together with increased levels of a set of pro-inflammatory cytokines: interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, IL-1β, IL-17. In logistic regression analysis, depressive symptoms (p=0.02, OR 4.57 [1.21-17.21]) and IL-12 levels (p=0.03, OR 1.06 [1.00-1.11]) 1-year after hospital discharge were independently associated with persistence of symptoms. Conclusions: Long COVID appears mainly related to respiratory sequelae, prevalently observed during the first pandemic wave. Among patients with little or no residual lung damage, a cytokine pattern consistent with systemic inflammation is in place

ARIA-EAACI statement on asthma and COVID-19 (June 2, 2020)

Non peer reviewe

Cabbage and fermented vegetables : From death rate heterogeneity in countries to candidates for mitigation strategies of severe COVID-19

Large differences in COVID-19 death rates exist between countries and between regions of the same country. Some very low death rate countries such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, or the Balkans have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods. Although biases exist when examining ecological studies, fermented vegetables or cabbage have been associated with low death rates in European countries. SARS-CoV-2 binds to its receptor, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). As a result of SARS-CoV-2 binding, ACE2 downregulation enhances the angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT(1)R) axis associated with oxidative stress. This leads to insulin resistance as well as lung and endothelial damage, two severe outcomes of COVID-19. The nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2) is the most potent antioxidant in humans and can block in particular the AT(1)R axis. Cabbage contains precursors of sulforaphane, the most active natural activator of Nrf2. Fermented vegetables contain many lactobacilli, which are also potent Nrf2 activators. Three examples are: kimchi in Korea, westernized foods, and the slum paradox. It is proposed that fermented cabbage is a proof-of-concept of dietary manipulations that may enhance Nrf2-associated antioxidant effects, helpful in mitigating COVID-19 severity.Peer reviewe

Nrf2-interacting nutrients and COVID-19 : time for research to develop adaptation strategies

There are large between- and within-country variations in COVID-19 death rates. Some very low death rate settings such as Eastern Asia, Central Europe, the Balkans and Africa have a common feature of eating large quantities of fermented foods whose intake is associated with the activation of the Nrf2 (Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2) anti-oxidant transcription factor. There are many Nrf2-interacting nutrients (berberine, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, genistein, quercetin, resveratrol, sulforaphane) that all act similarly to reduce insulin resistance, endothelial damage, lung injury and cytokine storm. They also act on the same mechanisms (mTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, PPAR gamma:Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, NF kappa B: Nuclear factor kappa B, ERK: Extracellular signal-regulated kinases and eIF2 alpha:Elongation initiation factor 2 alpha). They may as a result be important in mitigating the severity of COVID-19, acting through the endoplasmic reticulum stress or ACE-Angiotensin-II-AT(1)R axis (AT(1)R) pathway. Many Nrf2-interacting nutrients are also interacting with TRPA1 and/or TRPV1. Interestingly, geographical areas with very low COVID-19 mortality are those with the lowest prevalence of obesity (Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia). It is tempting to propose that Nrf2-interacting foods and nutrients can re-balance insulin resistance and have a significant effect on COVID-19 severity. It is therefore possible that the intake of these foods may restore an optimal natural balance for the Nrf2 pathway and may be of interest in the mitigation of COVID-19 severity