La Coutume de Vaudémont. Nancy, Berger-Levrault, 1970. (Publications du Centre lorrain d'histoire du droit.)

Aubry Marie-Thérèse. La Coutume de Vaudémont. Nancy, Berger-Levrault, 1970. (Publications du Centre lorrain d'histoire du droit.). In: Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. 1971, tome 129, livraison 2. pp. 464-465

La Coutume de Vaudémont. Nancy, Berger-Levrault, 1970. (Publications du Centre lorrain d'histoire du droit.)

Aubry Marie-Thérèse. La Coutume de Vaudémont. Nancy, Berger-Levrault, 1970. (Publications du Centre lorrain d'histoire du droit.). In: Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. 1971, tome 129, livraison 2. pp. 464-465

Les parlements de France et leurs archives

Die französischen Parlamente und ihre Archive. Bis zu ihrer Aufhebung durch Dekret vom 6.-7. September 1790 waren Ursprung, Schicksal und Bedeutung der dreizehn französischen Parlamente sehr unterschiedlich. Das Pariser Parlament, das älteste, reicht bis ins 13. Jh. zurück, das von Nancy, das als letztes errichtet wurde, bestand ein knappes Vierteljahrhundert. Zum Teil sind die Parlamente aus früher bestehenden Organismen hervorgegangen, zum Teil sind sie eine Folge der Eroberungen. Alle besassen indessen die gleiche Gliederung : Oberkammer, peinliche Gerichtskammer, Untersuchungskammer, Gesuchskammer, sowie weitere mehr oder weniger langlebige Kammern. Die Verwahrungsbedingungen der von diesen Gerichtshöfen, bei denen Brände und Revolutionen Verwüstungen anrichteten, vermachten Bestände, sind ebenfalls unterschiedlich. Eine Übersichtstabelle gibt den Stand der hauptsächlichen Schriftgutkategorien für jedes Parlament an : Einträge Beschlusse, Aus-und Eingang, Verwaltung, Zivil-und Strafurteile, Staatsanwaltschaft, Gerichtskanzlei, Beschlagnahmen, Dekrete und Hinterlegungen. Angesichts dieser riesigen Bestände ist man sich in Verbindung mit dem Aufschwung der bestandbedingten Geschichte in zunehmendem Masse der Bedeutung dieses Schriftgutes bewusst geworden. Die Findbehelfe sind zahlreich und mannigfaltig : Neubearbeitungen älterer Inventare, «summarische » Inventare, analytische Karteien, und zu guter Letzt Archivführer. Seit dem zweiten Weltkrieg legt man in den Départements das Hauptgewicht auf die Erstellung von Aktenlisten, um Schattenzonen zu vermeiden und spätere end-gültige Ordnungsarbeiten zu ermöglichen.The Parlements in France and their archives. The origin, history, and importance of the thirteen Parlements of France (= higher courts of justice of the Monarchy), until their suppression by Decree of 6-7 September 1790, are very varied. The first one, Paris, dates from the 13th century, while the last, Nancy, lasted hardly a quarter of a century. Some take their origin from pre-existing institutions, others are the result of conquests. However, all had parallel organizations : " grand chambre ", " chambre de la tournelle ", " chambre des enquêtes ", " chambre des requêtes ", and some other chambers of more or less brief duration. The fate of their archives was also different, due to their conditions of keeping, fires, and revolutions. A table gives the list of the main groups of documents from each Parlement which are still in existence. This enormous bulk of documents have only progressively called the attention of historians, due to the development of " serial history Finding aids are many and varied : modernized ancient inventories, summary inventories, analytical indexes, guides. Since World War II, emphasis has been put, in the départements, on the rédaction of " numerical repertories " [summary lists], so as to suppress the " dark zones " of unexplored documents and facilitate further detailed description.Los «Parlamentos » en Francia y sus archivos. La origen, la historia y la importancia de los trece «Parlementos » de Francia (— cortes superiores de justicia de la Monarchia), hasta su supresion por el Decreto de 6-7 septembre 1790, son bastante variadas. El primer Parlamento, el de Paris, tiene su origen en el siglo XIII, mientras el mas reciente, el de Nancy, solo durô un cuarto de siglo. Unos sucedieron a instituciones pre-existentes, otros fueron el resultado de conquistas. Sin embargo, todos tuvieran organizaciones paralelas : «grand'chambre », «chambre de la tournelle », «chambre des enquêtes », «chambre des requêtes », y unas otras salas de duracion mas o menos breve. El destino de sus archivos tambien difiere segun sus condiciones de conservacion, los incendios, las revoluciones. Une tabla da la lista de los principales fondos de archivos de cada uno Parlemento que existen ahora. Este enorme montôn de documentos llamô la atencion a los historiadores a causa del desarollo de la «historia sérial ». Los instrumentos de investigaciôn son numerosos y variados : viejos inventarios modernizados, inventarios sumarios, indices analfticos, guias. Desde la Segunda Guerra Mundial, se ha puesto de relieve, en los départements (provincias), la elaboracion de «repertorios numéricos », para suprimir las «zonas de sumbra » de fondos desconocidos y facilitar su descripciôn mas detallada ulteriormente.Aubry Marie Thérèse, Langlois Monique, Reydellet Chantal. Les parlements de France et leurs archives. In: La Gazette des archives, n°125-126, 1984. Les archives historiques : archives d’hier, histoire de demain. pp. 125-143

Rilpivirine in HIV-1-positive women initiating pregnancy: to switch or not to switch?

International audienceBackgroundSafety data about rilpivirine use during pregnancy remain scarce, and rilpivirine plasma concentrations are reduced during second/third trimesters, with a potential risk of viral breakthroughs. Thus, French guidelines recommend switching to rilpivirine-free combinations (RFCs) during pregnancy.ObjectivesTo describe the characteristics of women initiating pregnancy while on rilpivirine and to compare the outcomes for virologically suppressed subjects continuing rilpivirine until delivery versus switching to an RFC.MethodsIn the ANRS-EPF French Perinatal cohort, we included women on rilpivirine at conception in 2010–18. Pregnancy outcomes were compared between patients continuing versus interrupting rilpivirine. In women with documented viral suppression (<50 copies/mL) before 14 weeks of gestation (WG) while on rilpivirine, we compared the probability of viral rebound (≥50 copies/mL) during pregnancy between subjects continuing rilpivirine versus those switching to RFC.ResultsAmong 247 women included, 88.7% had viral suppression at the beginning of pregnancy. Overall, 184 women (74.5%) switched to an RFC (mostly PI/ritonavir-based regimens) at a median gestational age of 8.0 WG. Plasma HIV-1 RNA nearest delivery was <50 copies/mL in 95.6% of women. Among 69 women with documented viral suppression before 14 WG, the risk of viral rebound was higher when switching to RFCs than when continuing rilpivirine (20.0% versus 0.0%, P = 0.046). Delivery outcomes were similar between groups (overall birth defects, 3.8/100 live births; pregnancy losses, 2.0%; preterm deliveries, 10.6%). No HIV transmission occurred.ConclusionsIn virologically suppressed women initiating pregnancy, continuing rilpivirine was associated with better virological outcome than changing regimen. We did not observe a higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes

Rare predicted loss-of-function variants of type I IFN immunity genes are associated with life-threatening COVID-19

BackgroundWe previously reported that impaired type I IFN activity, due to inborn errors of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I interferon (IFN) immunity or to autoantibodies against type I IFN, account for 15-20% of cases of life-threatening COVID-19 in unvaccinated patients. Therefore, the determinants of life-threatening COVID-19 remain to be identified in similar to 80% of cases.MethodsWe report here a genome-wide rare variant burden association analysis in 3269 unvaccinated patients with life-threatening COVID-19, and 1373 unvaccinated SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals without pneumonia. Among the 928 patients tested for autoantibodies against type I IFN, a quarter (234) were positive and were excluded.ResultsNo gene reached genome-wide significance. Under a recessive model, the most significant gene with at-risk variants was TLR7, with an OR of 27.68 (95%CI 1.5-528.7, P=1.1x10(-4)) for biochemically loss-of-function (bLOF) variants. We replicated the enrichment in rare predicted LOF (pLOF) variants at 13 influenza susceptibility loci involved in TLR3-dependent type I IFN immunity (OR=3.70[95%CI 1.3-8.2], P=2.1x10(-4)). This enrichment was further strengthened by (1) adding the recently reported TYK2 and TLR7 COVID-19 loci, particularly under a recessive model (OR=19.65[95%CI 2.1-2635.4], P=3.4x10(-3)), and (2) considering as pLOF branchpoint variants with potentially strong impacts on splicing among the 15 loci (OR=4.40[9%CI 2.3-8.4], P=7.7x10(-8)). Finally, the patients with pLOF/bLOF variants at these 15 loci were significantly younger (mean age [SD]=43.3 [20.3] years) than the other patients (56.0 [17.3] years; P=1.68x10(-5)).ConclusionsRare variants of TLR3- and TLR7-dependent type I IFN immunity genes can underlie life-threatening COVID-19, particularly with recessive inheritance, in patients under 60 years old