Salinity evolution in irrigated soils in the Lower Tunuyán River basin : Mendoza - Argentina

La salinidad del suelo y del agua de riego afecta la producción de los cultivos impactando en la economía de los oasis regadíos. Se realizó este estudio sobre los suelos cultivados en el área de influencia del río Tunuyán Inferior, con el objeto de determinar la evolución de la salinidad edáfica, a partir de mediciones de conductividad eléctrica del extracto de saturación del suelo (CEes). El estudio abarcó los períodos 2001-2002 y 2007-2009 con determinaciones a dos profundidades (0 - 0,5 m y 0,5 - 1 m). Se trazaron curvas de isosalinidad de suelo y se analizaron los factores que inciden en la CEes: niveles freáticos, obras de impermeabilización de canales, lluvia, evapotranspiración y volúmenes derivados para riego. Los resultados muestran que existe diferencia significativa de la variación temporal de la CEes, para ambas profundidades analizadas, reflejando una disminución de la variable en el tiempo. A partir de curvas de isosalinidad se determinó para el estrato superficial que el 49% del área (2002) presentaba suelos moderadamente salinos, mientras que en el año 2009, el 60% de la superficie presentó una reducción de la salinidad. Ello se atribuye a la disminución de los niveles freáticos, producto de las obras de impermeabilización.Soil salinity and irrigation water affect crop production and the economy of irrigated oases. This study was carried out on cultivated soils in the command area of the Lower Tunuyán River in order to determine the evolution of soil salinity by measuring the electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract (CEes for its acronym in Spanish). The study comprised periods 2001-2002 and 2007-2009 and determinations were made at two different depths (0-0.5 m and 0.5-1 m). Iso-salinity curves were plotted and the factors affecting CEes were analized: water table levels, irrigation canal lining, rainfall, evapotranspiration and volumes derived for irrigation. Results showed that there is a significant difference in the temporal variation of the CEes at both depths, with a decreasing trend through time. Iso-salinity curves made it possible to determine that in 49% of the superficial strata (2002) soils were moderately saline, while in 2009, 60% of the area showed that canal lining led to a reduction in salinity levels due to decreasing water tables.Fil: Tozzi, Fabián. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (Argentina)Fil: Mariani, Adriana. Instituto Nacional del Agua (Argentina). Centro Regional AndinoFil: Vallone, Rosana. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias AgrariasFil: Morábito, José. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Agraria

Trilíngue de Lētōon. Tradução das versões lícia e grega, com breves comentários linguísticos

Tradução do trilíngue de Lētōon (textos lício e grego), com breves comentários linguísticos

A critical review on heat transfer in trickle bed reactors

A critical review of the available information about heat transfer between a packed bed with cocurrent downflow of gas and liquid and an external medium was undertaken. Several aspects such as experimental set-ups and methods employed to study heat transfer in trickle bed reactors, models used to interpret experimental data, and literature correlations of heat transfer parameters are addressed. From the analysis of the available experimental information, a refined database has been built, which allows comparing the performance of the existing correlations for the parameters of the extensively employed twodimensional pseudohomogeneous plug flow model (i.e., effective radial thermal conductivity and wall heat transfer coefficient). In addition, new correlations for effective thermal conductivity have been developed. Identification of gaps in the current knowledge and recommendations for future works are summarized.Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias AplicadasFacultad de Ingenierí

Evolución de la salinidad de los suelos regadíos del río Tunuyán Inferior (Mendoza - Argentina)

Soil salinity and irrigation water affect crop production and the economy of irrigated oases. This study was carried out on cultivated soils in the command area of the Lower Tunuyán River in order to determine the evolution of soil salinity by measuring the electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract (CEes for its acronym in Spanish). The study comprised periods 2001-2002 and 2007-2009 and determinations were made at two different depths (0-0.5 m and 0.5-1 m). Iso-salinity curves were plotted and the factors affecting CEes were analized: water table levels, irrigation canal lining, rainfall, evapotranspiration and volumes derived for irrigation. Results showed that there is a significant difference in the temporal variation of the CEes at both depths, with a decreasing trend through time. Iso-salinity curves made it possible to determine that in 49% of the superficial strata (2002) soils were moderately saline, while in 2009, 60% of the area showed that canal lining led to a reduction in salinity levels due to decreasing water tables.La salinidad del suelo y del agua de riego afecta la producción de los cultivos impactando en la economía de los oasis regadíos. Se realizó este estudio sobre los suelos cultivadosen el área de influencia del río Tunuyán Inferior, con el objeto de determinar la evolución de la salinidad edáfica, a partir de mediciones de conductividad eléctrica del extracto de saturación del suelo (CEes). El estudio abarcó los períodos 2001-2002 y 2007-2009 con determinaciones a dos profundidades (0 - 0,5 m y 0,5 - 1 m). Se trazaron curvas de isosalinidad de suelo y se analizaron los factores que inciden en la CEes: niveles freáticos, obras de impermeabilización de canales, lluvia, evapotranspiración y volúmenes derivados para riego. Los resultados muestran que existe diferencia significativa de la variación temporal de la CEes, para ambas profundidades analizadas, reflejando una disminución de la variable en el tiempo. A partir de curvas de isosalinidad se determinó para el estrato superficial que el 49% del área (2002) presentaba suelos moderadamente salinos, mientras que en el año 2009, el 60% de la superficie presentó una reducción de la salinidad. Ello se atribuye a la disminución de los niveles freáticos, producto de las obras de impermeabilización

Pessoas surdas na aula de Matemática... E agora? (Análise de uma práxis com materiais didáticos)

Considerando a inclusão como um paradigma necessário à democratização de espaços, este artigo objetiva apresentar a constituição de uma Sequência de Tarefas relacionada à aprendizagem de números reais, por meio de materiais didáticos, desenvolvida no 1º ano do Ensino Médio de uma escola da comunidade surda. A partir de um estudo de caso, dados do perfil discente, da observação participante e de uma Sequência de Tarefas foram analisados pela ótica qualitativa e semio-cognitiva. Entre os resultados, constata-se que o tangram propiciou maior mobilização de representações fracionárias e apreensões figurais. A calculadora, régua e compasso permitiram explorar representações decimais e construções geométricas, estabelecendo pontos sob a reta numérica. O livro didático desencadeou a necessidade de tradução para a Libras na abordagem das representações em português e linguagem matemática. Conclui-se que tais materiais didáticos contribuíram para a coordenação de representações, tomando como ponto de partida o figural e favorecendo a apreensão conceitual

Evolución de la salinidad de los suelos regadíos del río Tunuyán Inferior (Mendoza - Argentina) = Salinity evolution in irrigated soils in the Lower Tunuyán River basin (Mendoza - Argentina)

La salinidad del suelo y del agua de riego afecta la producción de los cultivos impactando en la economía de los oasis regadíos. Se realizó este estudio sobre los suelos cultivadosen el área de influencia del río Tunuyán Inferior, con el objeto de determinar la evolución de la salinidad edáfica, a partir de mediciones de conductividad eléctrica del extracto de saturación del suelo (CEes). El estudio abarcó los períodos 2001-2002 y 2007-2009 con determinaciones a dos profundidades (0 - 0,5 m y 0,5 - 1 m). Se trazaron curvas de isosalinidad de suelo y se analizaron los factores que inciden en la CEes: niveles freáticos, obras de impermeabilización de canales, lluvia, evapotranspiración y volúmenes derivados para riego. Los resultados muestran que existe diferencia significativa de la variación temporal de la CEes, para ambas profundidades analizadas, reflejando una disminución de la variable en el tiempo. A partir de curvas de isosalinidad se determinó para el estrato superficial que el 49% del área (2002) presentaba suelos moderadamente salinos, mientras que en el año 2009, el 60% de la superficie presentó una reducción de la salinidad. Ello se atribuye a la disminución de los niveles freáticos, producto de las obras de impermeabilización.Soil salinity and irrigation water affect crop production and the economy of irrigated oases. This study was carried out on cultivated soils in the command area of the Lower Tunuyán River in order to determine the evolution of soil salinity by measuring the electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract (CEes for its acronym in Spanish). The study comprised periods 2001-2002 and 2007-2009 and determinations were made at two different depths (0-0.5 m and 0.5-1 m). Iso-salinity curves were plotted and the factors affecting CEes were analized: water table levels, irrigation canal lining, rainfall, evapotranspiration and volumes derived for irrigation. Results showed that there is a significant difference in the temporal variation of the CEes at both depths, with a decreasing trend through time. Iso-salinity curves made it possible to determine that ÂÂ in 49% of the superficial strata (2002) soils were ÂÂ moderately saline, while in 2009, 60% of the area showed that canal lining led to a reduction in salinity levels due to decreasing water tables.EEA JunínFil: Tozzi, Fabian. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Junín; ArgentinaFil: Mariani, Adriana. Instituto Nacional del Agua. Centro Regional Andino; ArgentinaFil: Vallone, Rosana Celia. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Junín; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad Ciencias Agrarias; ArgentinaFil: Morábito, José. Instituto Nacional del Agua. Centro Regional Andino; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad Ciencias Agrarias; Argentin

Actualización de los parámetros característicos de riego por escurrimiento superficial en el área de regadío del río Mendoza

Fil: Mariani, Adriana. Instituto Nacional del Agua. Subgerencia Centro Regional Andino (INA-SCRA) Mendoza, Argentina.Fil: Martín, Leandro. Instituto Nacional del Agua. Subgerencia Centro Regional Andino (INA-SCRA) Mendoza, Argentina.Fil: Hernández, Rocío. Instituto Nacional del Agua. Subgerencia Centro Regional Andino (INA-SCRA) Mendoza, Argentina.Fil: Morábito, José A. Instituto Nacional del Agua. Subgerencia Centro Regional Andino (INA-SCRA) Mendoza, Argentina.El estudio de los parámetros y las evaluaciones del desempeño de los sistemas de riego a campo, brindan información necesaria para la simulación y calibración de modelos de evaluación de riego agrícola. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es caracterizar parámetros físicos y de manejo del riego por superficie, en el área de regadío del río Mendoza. En 53 propiedades con derecho de riego superficial se analizaron los parámetros: método de riego, tamaño de las unidades de riego, pendiente del terreno, caudal de manejo, tiempos de aplicación y de avance del riego, velocidad de infiltración y lámina aplicada. Los resultados indicaron que, de las 53 fincas analizadas, el 57% de las propiedades riegan por melgas y el 43% por surcos, siendo los caudales de manejo promedio de 134 l s-1 para melgas y 93 l s-1 para surcos. La infiltración básica varió entre 6,23 mm h-1 y 4,34 mm h-1 y los tiempos medios de aplicación del riego en surcos y melgas fueron de 144 y 134 min, respectivamente. Las láminas medias brutas de 155 mm para melgas y de 90 mm para surcos.tbls., grafs., mapa

Ultrathin Transparent B-C-N Layers Grown on Titanium Substrates with Excellent Electrocatalytic Activity for the Oxygen Evolution Reaction

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in ACS Applied Energy Materials, copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acsaem.9b02339Ultrathin B-C-N layers grown on Ti substrates are investigated as efficient anodes for electrochemical water splitting. A fast and direct synthetic route has been used based on plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition with methylamine borane as a single-source molecular precursor. The effect of growth time on the morphological and structural properties and on the chemical composition of the layers has been investigated by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy. Flat B-C-N layers on top of an amorphous titanium oxide layer present at the Ti surface have been obtained by using short growth times, while longer growth times give rise to core/shell structures formed by vertical wall B-C-N layers and titanium carbonitride phases. The obtained layers present enhanced electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline aqueous solutions. Moreover, because of their ultrathin nature, the B-C-N layers preserve the photocurrents of the underlying titanium oxide layer, acting as transparent electrodes with high conductivity for the photogenerated charge carriers and improved electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of water to oxygen gasThis work has been funded under RTI2018-099794-B-I00 grant of Spanish MICINN and by PRIN Grant FERMAT (2017KFY7XF) of Italian MIU

Comparison of Machine Learning Models Including Preoperative, Intraoperative, and Postoperative Data and Mortality After Cardiac Surgery

Importance: A variety of perioperative risk factors are associated with postoperative mortality risk. However, the relative contribution of routinely collected intraoperative clinical parameters to short-term and long-term mortality remains understudied. Objective: To examine the performance of multiple machine learning models with data from different perioperative periods to predict 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year mortality and investigate factors that contribute to these predictions. Design, Setting, and Participants: In this prognostic study using prospectively collected data, risk prediction models were developed for short-term and long-term mortality after cardiac surgery. Included participants were adult patients undergoing a first-time valve operation, coronary artery bypass grafting, or a combination of both between 1997 and 2017 in a single center, the University Medical Centre Groningen in the Netherlands. Mortality data were obtained in November 2017. Data analysis took place between February 2020 and August 2021. Exposure: Cardiac surgery. Main Outcomes and Measures: Postoperative mortality rates at 30 days, 1 year, and 5 years were the primary outcomes. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) was used to assess discrimination. The contribution of all preoperative, intraoperative hemodynamic and temperature, and postoperative factors to mortality was investigated using Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) values. Results: Data from 9415 patients who underwent cardiac surgery (median [IQR] age, 68 [60-74] years; 2554 [27.1%] women) were included. Overall mortality rates at 30 days, 1 year, and 5 years were 268 patients (2.8%), 420 patients (4.5%), and 612 patients (6.5%), respectively. Models including preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative data achieved AUROC values of 0.82 (95% CI, 0.78-0.86), 0.81 (95% CI, 0.77-0.85), and 0.80 (95% CI, 0.75-0.84) for 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year mortality, respectively. Models including only postoperative data performed similarly (30 days: 0.78 [95% CI, 0.73-0.82]; 1 year: 0.79 [95% CI, 0.74-0.83]; 5 years: 0.77 [95% CI, 0.73-0.82]). However, models based on all perioperative data provided less clinically usable predictions, with lower detection rates; for example, postoperative models identified a high-risk group with a 2.8-fold increase in risk for 5-year mortality (4.1 [95% CI, 3.3-5.1]) vs an increase of 11.3 (95% CI, 6.8-18.7) for the high-risk group identified by the full perioperative model. Postoperative markers associated with metabolic dysfunction and decreased kidney function were the main factors contributing to mortality risk. Conclusions and Relevance: This study found that the addition of continuous intraoperative hemodynamic and temperature data to postoperative data was not associated with improved machine learning-based identification of patients at increased risk of short-term and long-term mortality after cardiac operations