Uso do azul de metileno e permanganato de potássio em lesão cutânea de Phractocephalus Hemioliopterus

Neste trabalho objetivou-se relatar o uso de permanganato de potássio e azul de metileno (cloreto de metiltionina) no tratamento de lesão cutânea da pirarara exposta para visitação pública. Pirarara, nome comum para espécie Phractocephalus hemioliopterus, é originária da bacia amazônica e bastante valorizada na aqüicultura pelo fácil manejo, adaptação ao cativeiro e pela bela fisionomia e coloração, porém muito susceptível à infestação por ectoparasitas acarretando em mortalidades tanto no aspecto produtivo como no mercado pet. A adesão de anelídeos na pele desta espécie alocada no aquário público da cidade de Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brasil, levou à lesão cutânea grave e infecção secundária por fungos e bactérias necessitando de tratamento medicamentoso. O diagnóstico foi feito através de achados macroscópicos e das características fisiológicas e comportamentais do animal e o tratamento durou trinta e quatro dias. Após identificação da lesão, os ectoparasitas foram retirados manualmente e o peixe foi conduzido ao tanque escavado isolando-o de outros animais e sem acesso aos visitantes. Adotou-se, respectivamente, o tratamento tópico de 10 gramas e 2 gramas por metro cúbico de permanganato de potássio e azul de metileno até o desaparecimento total da ferida e cura do animal. Com recuperação clínica, o peixe retornou ao aquário exposto à visitação

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Salmonella sp FLOCK IN TRADE OF PIGS AND CARCASSES PROCESSED IN SLAUGHTERHOUSE

The slaughter of pigs with Salmonella sp is considered the first critical point for contamination of the final product. The risk represented by these animals tends to increase when this bacterium is present in portions of the carcass that reaches the consumer. In this study, we sought to verify the association of the prevalence of pigs with Salmonella sp in the finishing phase with the contamination of carcasses at slaughter. In the farm were collected rectal swabs from 45 individual animals, swabs drag the floor of the stall, feed and water. In the refrigerator the day before slaughter were again collected swabs from 45 individual animals previously identified in the farm and swabs drag the floor of the waiting pen. To assess the presence of Salmonella sp on the surface of pig carcasses and characterization of microbiological hazards in different stages of slaughter and critical control points, surface swabs were performed on 45 carcasses at Point A, after scalding and hair removal of 45 carcasses at Point C, after evisceration and splitting of carcasses and at Point B, were collected from mesenteric lymph nodes of 45 carcasses. We also carried out procurement of 12 environmental samples, swabs of equipment surfaces and utensils, during the slaughter of pigs. In the farm was isolated Salmonella sp positive 57.77% of pigs tested and 66.66% of feed samples collected. In the slaughterhouse, in the pre-slaughter was isolated Salmonella sp from 48.88% of pigs on the farm previously identified and 33.33% of the swabs drag the floor of pens. In the process of slaughter, was isolated Salmonella sp from 22.22% of the samples from Point A, 24.44% of the samples in Part B and 26.66% of the samples from Point C. The monitoring of environmental samples, one of three samples of scrap machine (33.33%) and one of three samples of the band saw (33.33%) were positive for Salmonella sp. It can be concluded that the high occurrence of this bacterium in the farm contributed to the frequency of isolation of the slaughter, and the ration considered an important source of contamination of the pig herd. The stage of pre-slaughter was an important critical control point due to the stress of transportation they are subjected to the animals and the contamination of animals with the floor of the pens. In the process of killing the steps of scalding, plucking, evisceration and good handling practices represent important critical control points. The risk of contamination with Salmonella sp were the same in all stages of the slaughter of pigs in the present study.Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas GeraisMestre em Ciências VeterináriasNo presente estudo, buscou-se verificar a associação entre a prevalência de suínos portadores de Salmonella sp na fase de terminação com a contaminação de carcaças ao abate. Na granja foram colhidos suabes retais individuais de 45 animais, amostras de suabe de arrasto do piso da baia, ração e água. No frigorífico, um dia antes do abate, foram colhidos novamente suabes individuais dos 45 animais previamente identificados na granja e amostras de suabe de arrasto do piso da pocilga de espera. Para avaliar a presença de Salmonella sp na superfície de carcaças e caracterizar perigos microbiológicos em diferentes etapas do abate e pontos críticos de controle, foram realizados suabes superficiais das carcaças e colheita de linfonodos dos mesmos suínos amostrados anteriormente, sendo analisadas 45 carcaças no Ponto A, após escaldagem e depilação, 45 carcaças no Ponto C, após evisceração e divisão das carcaças e, no Ponto B, foram coletados linfonodos da cadeia mesentérica de 45 carcaças. Também foi realizada colheita de 12 amostras de ambiente, por meio de suabe na superfície de equipamentos e utensílios, no decorrer do abate de suínos. Na granja, isolou-se Salmonella sp em 57,77% dos suínos analisados e em 66,66% das amostras de ração coletadas. No frigorífico, na etapa de pré-abate, isolou-se Salmonella sp de 48,88 % dos suínos previamente identificados na granja e de 33,33% das amostras de suabe de arrasto do piso das pocilgas. No processo de abate, isolou-se Salmonella sp de 22,22% das amostras do Ponto A, de 24,44% das amostras do Ponto B e de 26,66% das amostras do Ponto C. No monitoramento das amostras de ambiente, uma das três amostras analisadas da depiladeira (33,33%) e uma das três amostras analisadas da serra fita (33,33%) apresentaram resultado positivo para o isolamento de Salmonella sp. Pode-se concluir que a ocorrência elevada desta bactéria na granja contribuiu para a frequência de isolamento da bactéria ao abate, sendo a ração apontada como importante fonte de contaminação do rebanho suíno. Na etapa de pré-abate, no frigorífico, a presença de Salmonella sp em amostras de ambiente das pocilgas representou uma fonte de contaminação para outros lotes de animais, mantendo os mesmos índices de isolamento da bactéria encontrados na granja. No processamento do abate, foi verificada a presença de Salmonella sp em equipamentos e utensílios, e a presença desta bactéria em carcaças de animais negativos nas colheitas de suabe retal, indicou possível contaminação cruzada. Os riscos de contaminação pela bactéria foram os mesmos nas etapas do abate de suínos consideradas neste estudo

QUALIDADE MICROBIOLÓGICA DO LEITE E DO QUEIJO MINAS FRESCAL PROCESSADOS EM DUAS FÁBRICAS DE LATICÍNIOS SOB INSPEÇÃO MUNICIPAL EM UBERLÂNDIA MG

In order to evaluate the microbiological quality of the milk used in the production of “Minas” “Minas Frescal” cheese produced under Municipal Inspection in Uberlândia – MG Brasil, were collected between August and October 2013, eight samples of raw milk from two factories dairy products ("A" and "B") for carrying out microbiological analysis. At the same time there was a survey in the file of the Municipal Inspection Service - SIM from August 2012 to October 2013 to verify the results of microbiological analysis of samples of milk and cheese collected by the SIM in order to assess the quality and safety the production process of “Minas” cheese, totaling 14 samples of pasteurized milk and 17 “Minas” cheese. Microbiological analyzes consisted of total bacterial count, total and fecal coliforms, Salmonella sp. and coagulase positive Staphylococcus count, using as parameter Normative Instruction number 62 of December 29th, 2011 of the Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento (MAPA) for milk and the Resolution number 12 of January 2nd, 2001 permitted by the current legislation (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária- ANVISA) to cheese. The dairies "A" and "B" was 100% and 50% of raw milk samples satisfying respectively. Regarding the research done in the SIM file, all the samples of pasteurized milk analyzed were within the established legal standards. The analyzed cheese samples for the presence of fecal coliform, two (12%) were at odds with the standards established by ANVISA and, as the research Staphylococcus coagulase positive and Salmonella sp. 100% of the samples were within the required legal standards

ANÁLISE HISTÓRICA DA IMPLANTAÇÃO DO SERVIÇO DE INSPEÇÃO MUNICIPAL EM UBERLÂNDIA E SUA ADESÃO AO SISBI/POA

The Municipal Inspection Service (MIS) of Uberlândia/MG was created in 1993, initially to curb the practice of clandestine slaughter in the city. In 2009, the MIS adhered to SISBI/POA, which aims to establish universal methods applied equitably in all inspected establishments and, therefore, enable industries under municipal inspection, which previously had commerce restricted to the limits of the municipality, to market their products throughout the national territory, promoting greater economic development, income generation, and increase in foreign exchange for the municipality. Currently, 35 industries are registered in the MIS of Uberlândia/MG, with self-control programs implemented to ensure the safety, identity, quality, and integrity of the products. Over the years of MIS’s activities, there was a need to establish principles and techniques that objectively allow the diagnosis of non-conformities and the definition of more specific and efficient solutions in view of the reality of the service and for the definition of official inspections. Fostering the development of small-scale rural agro-industries enabled the regularization of informal family farming production, generating income opportunities for rural producers. With 29 years of operation, the MIS of Uberlândia/MG serves as an incentive and model for other municipalities.O Serviço de Inspeção Municipal (SIM) de Uberlândia/MG foi criado em 1993, a princípio com o objetivo de coibir a prática do abate clandestino no município. Em 2009, houve a adesão ao SISBI/POA, que tem por objetivo estabelecer métodos universalizados e aplicados equitativamente em todos os estabelecimentos inspecionados e, por conseguinte, habilitar as indústrias sob inspeção municipal, que antes tinham o comércio restrito aos limites do município, a comercializarem seus produtos em todo o território nacional, promovendo maior desenvolvimento econômico, geração de renda e aumento de divisas para o município. Atualmente, 35 indústrias estão registradas no SIM de Uberlândia/MG, com programas de autocontrole implantados para assegurar a inocuidade, a identidade, a qualidade e a integridade dos produtos. Ao longo dos anos de atuação do SIM, houve a necessidade de estabelecer princípios e técnicas que permitissem de forma objetiva o diagnóstico das não conformidades e a definição de soluções mais específicas e eficientes frente à realidade do serviço e para a definição das fiscalizações oficiais. O fomento ao desenvolvimento de agroindústrias rurais de pequeno porte possibilitou a regularização da produção informal da agricultura familiar, gerando oportunidades de renda aos produtores rurais. Com 29 anos de atuação, o SIM de Uberlândia/MG serve de incentivo e modelo a outros municípios

Nutritional and protein quality of dry Brazilian beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

Abstract Brazil is the world's largest producer of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), which are one of the most widely consumed grain legumes in the world. Seven improved genotypes of dry, coloured, Brazilian common beans were analysed for their nutritional (chemical composition, oligosaccharides, phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity) and protein quality (amino acid profile, amino acid score, trypsin inhibitor activity and in vitro protein digestibility). The grain bean cultivars studied showed a high content of fibre, with some aromatic amino acids present at higher levels than the Food and Agriculture Organization reference protein. The dry beans had intermediate protein digestibility, ranging from 50.3% in the BRS Notável cultivar to 66.9% in the Jalo Precoce cultivar. The studied dry beans contained anti-nutritional and flatulence factors, such as trypsin inhibitors and oligosaccharides. However, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity were high. Improved grain beans have important nutritional characteristics that need to be preserved, and some negative, anti-nutritional characteristics. The results presented in this study can be used to assist the identification of appropriate processing techniques that maintain the positive features of dry beans and eliminate their negative attributes

Neotropical freshwater fisheries : A dataset of occurrence and abundance of freshwater fishes in the Neotropics

The Neotropical region hosts 4225 freshwater fish species, ranking first among the world's most diverse regions for freshwater fishes. Our NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set is the first to produce a large-scale Neotropical freshwater fish inventory, covering the entire Neotropical region from Mexico and the Caribbean in the north to the southern limits in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. We compiled 185,787 distribution records, with unique georeferenced coordinates, for the 4225 species, represented by occurrence and abundance data. The number of species for the most numerous orders are as follows: Characiformes (1289), Siluriformes (1384), Cichliformes (354), Cyprinodontiformes (245), and Gymnotiformes (135). The most recorded species was the characid Astyanax fasciatus (4696 records). We registered 116,802 distribution records for native species, compared to 1802 distribution records for nonnative species. The main aim of the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set was to make these occurrence and abundance data accessible for international researchers to develop ecological and macroecological studies, from local to regional scales, with focal fish species, families, or orders. We anticipate that the NEOTROPICAL FRESHWATER FISHES data set will be valuable for studies on a wide range of ecological processes, such as trophic cascades, fishery pressure, the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation, and the impacts of species invasion and climate change. There are no copyright restrictions on the data, and please cite this data paper when using the data in publications