Centromochlus meridionalis, a new catfish species from the southern amazonian limits, Mato Grosso state, Brazil (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae)

Centromochlus actually comprises eleven species, being the most problematic genus among the Centromochlinae, including morphologically heterogeneous taxa. The Centromochlus species have a wide distributional area on northern South America. Centromochlus meridionalis, new species, is described from headwaters of rio Teles Pires, contributor of rio Tapajós, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, and represents one of the southernmost records of a centromochlin catfish for Meridional Amazon rivers. Centromochlus meridionalis is promptly distinguished from its congeners by the small orbital diameter (relative to head length), and also by the combination of absence of first nuchal plate, anterior margin of dorsal-fin spine smooth, six branched rays in anal fin, seven pairs of ribs and 34 vertebrae. They are small sized catfishes with adults between 33 to 61 mm in standard length. The modified male anal fin is conspicuous, with the third unbranched ray enlarged, about twice the width of first unbranched ray. The new species inhabits a region strongly endangered by environmental changes due to expansion of agropecuary activities on Brazilian Amazon, which include this species in an uncertain situation regarding the conservation status of its natural population. © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Ictiologia

A importância da equidade no pré-natal em uma estratégia saúde da família (ESF) / The importance of prenatal equity in a family health strategy (ESF)

Objtivo. Relatar experiência durante a prática de enfermagem na assistência ao pré-natal e sua relação com a equidade no atendimento, vivenciada por discentes do 6º semestre de enfermagem da Universidade da Amazônia. Métodos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo relato de experiência, realizado a partir da vivência de acadêmicos de enfermagem. Resultados. Durante as consultas de enfermagem realizadas com gestantes, identificou-se a importância de o enfermeiro realizar uma boa classificação, afim de reconhecer qual grávida deveria ser atendida de forma mais prioritária. Nessa circunstância, percebia-se princípios do SUS como a equidade, quando as gestantes eram classificadas segundo o risco de sua gravidez e assim a assistência tornava-se diferenciada ao existir uma gestante de alto risco. Conclusão. O trabalho da enfermagem prestado às gestantes é de suma importância para que a mesma possa ser assistida da melhor forma possível, além disso, ao se realizar uma boa consulta de enfermagem, proporciona-se uma assistência humanizada e equânime

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

The impact of cognitive rehabilitation on executive functions and social adjustment in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy

Introdução: A Epilepsia Mioclônica Juvenil (EMJ) é uma síndrome epiléptica generalizada idiopática, com prevalência elevada de déficits neuropsicológicos, principalmente no que se refere às funções executivas. O objetivo do presente estudo é avaliar o impacto da reabilitação cognitiva no funcionamento executivo e social dos pacientes com EMJ. Método: Vinte e sete pacientes com EMJ [idade média: 28,81 anos (DP 10,21); 63% sexo feminino; QI médio 109,14 (DP16,76)] realizaram a reabilitação cognitiva, que abordou, em de 12 sessões individuais, o treino da atenção e das funções executivas. Os pacientes realizaram uma avaliação neuropsicológica no período basal (T0) e após a intervenção (T1). Estatísticas inferenciais de Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) foram realizadas e o nível de significância estabelecido foi de 0,05. Resultados: Em relação às funções executivas frias, houve melhora no desempenho dos componentes: atenção seletiva (TMT A [p < 0,01] e SCT 2 [p = 0,03]), do controle inibitório (SCT 3 [p = 0,02], FAS [p < 0,01] e CPT comissões [p < 0,01]), da flexibilidade mental (WCST categorias [p < 0,01]) e de todos os componentes das escalas de autorrelato (BRIEF-A). Não houve alteração nos resultados objetivos das funções executivas quentes, mas em alguns componentes dos questionários de autorrelato. Não houve mudanças nos escores do funcionamento social. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que a reabilitação cognitiva esteve associada à melhora do funcionamento executivo e atencional dos pacientes com EMJ. Embora os pacientes com EMJ relataram melhora do comportamento impulsivo, este desfecho não pode ser aferido pelos instrumentos de avaliação utilizados. Não houve melhora significativa nos aspectos avaliados pelos questionários aplicados para qualidade de vida e funcionamento social a curto prazoIntroduction: Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy (JME) is an idiopathic generalized epileptic syndrome, with an important prevalence of neuropsychological disorders, especially with regard to executive functions. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of cognitive rehabilitation on the executive and social functioning of JME patients. Method: Twenty-seven JME patients [mean age: 28.81 (SD 10.21); 63% female; Mean IQ 109.14 (SD16.76)] performed an intervention with a cognitive rehabilitation protocol that addressed, in 12 meetings, the training of attention and executive functions. Patients underwent a neuropsychological assessment in the baseline (T0) and after the intervention (T1). Inferential statistics of Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to verify the effect of a rehabilitation protocol before and after the intervention. The level of significance established was 0.05. Results: In regards to cold executive functions, there was an improvement in the performance of the components: selective attention (TMT A [p < .01] and SCT 2 [p = 0.03]), inhibitory control (SCT 3 [p = 0, 02], FAS [p < 0.01] and CPT commissions [p < 0.01]), mental flexibility (WCST categories [p < 0.01]) and all components of the self-report scales (BRIEF- A) There were no changes in the objective results of the hot executive functions, but in some components of the self-report questionnaires. There were no changes in social functioning scores. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that cognitive rehabilitation was associated with improved executive and attentional functioning in JME patients. Although JME patients reported improvement in impulsive behavior, this outcome cannot be measured by the assessment instruments used. There was no improvement in the results obtained by the questionnaires of social functioning in the short ter

Chronic respiratory patient : situation diagnosis in frequent users of the emergency service

Atualmente, as doenças respiratórias são uma das principais causas de morbilidade e mortalidade em Portugal, em particular as doenças respiratórias crónicas. Um problema em saúde que afeta pessoas das mais variadas idades e que, quando não controlado, pode tornar-se incapacitante. Dentro das diferentes doenças respiratórias crónicas podemos destacar a asma e a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crónica. Em todo o mundo, a prevalência das doenças crónicas está a aumentar e em Portugal é considerado um problema de elevada magnitude. Desta forma, torna-se fundamental a implementação de modelos de gestão dos cuidados de saúde que deem resposta às necessidades reais da população. A gestão da doença crónica nem sempre é conseguida da melhor forma, levando a agudizações da doença, aumento da recorrência ao serviço de urgência e aumento do número de internamentos. É necessário a adoção de modelos coesos e centrados nas pessoas e nas suas necessidades. Assim, teremos utentes preparados, informados e motivados a trabalhar em conjunto com o seu profissional de saúde. O presente documento consiste num relatório de estágio final, para aquisição de competências relativas ao curso de Mestrado em Enfermagem com Especialização em Enfermagem Comunitária e de Saúde Pública, numa Unidade de Cuidados na Comunidade, da zona norte de Portugal. Com o objetivo de identificar fenómenos, sensíveis aos cuidados de enfermagem, numa amostra de utentes com doença respiratória crónica que são utilizadores frequentes do Serviço de Urgência, foi realizado um diagnóstico de situação seguindo as linhas orientadoras do planeamento em saúde. Após a aplicação do formulário de recolha de dados e análise estatística, foram identificados 8 problemas. Os problemas foram priorizados e o que ocupou o lugar de destaque foi “Capacidade para gerir o regime medicamentoso comprometida”. Das diversas necessidades identificadas na amostra estudada, podemos destacar a capacidade para gerir o regime medicamentoso comprometida, a falta de adesão ao regime medicamentoso, dietético e de exercício, a falta de conhecimento sobre estratégias para controlar a falta de ar, a capacidade para executar a técnica inalatória comprometida e a falta de conhecimento sobre utilização dos serviços de saúde. Tendo em conta o diagnóstico identificado, foram sugeridas intervenções e os respetivos indicadores. Para além disto, foram construídas árvores de decisão diagnóstica, como uma ferramenta de apoio à tomada de decisão dos enfermeiros.Respiratory diseases are currently one of the biggest causes of morbidity and mortality in Portugal, specifically chronic respiratory diseases. This is a health problem that affects people of all ages and, when not controlled, can become disabling. Within the different chronic respiratory diseases, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are prominent. The prevalence of chronic diseases is increasing all over the world, and particularly in Portugal, this is considered a highly concerning problem. Thus, it is necessary to implement healthcare management models that are able to respond to the population real needs. The management of the chronic disease is not always done in the best way, which leads to exacerbations of the disease, increasing use of the emergency services and increasing number of hospitalizations. It is crucial to adopt cohesive models focused on people and on their needs. Therefore, informed, prepared, and motivated patients will work together with their healthcare professional. This document consists of a final internship report for the acquisition of skills related to the master’s degree in Nursing with Specialization in Community and Public Health Nursing, in a Community Care Unit, in the north of Portugal. With the aim of identifying phenomena that are sensitive to nursing care, a situation diagnosis was carried out following the guidelines of a health planning, using a sample of patients with chronic respiratory disease and who are frequent users of the Emergency Service. After applying the data collection form and statistically analysing, 8 problems were identified. When these were prioritised, one problem stood out, which was - “Capacity to manage the compromised medication scheme". From the different needs identified in the analysed sample, it is possible to highlight these: ability to manage the compromised medication scheme; lack of adherence to the medication, diet, and exercise plan; lack of knowledge about strategies to control shortness of breath; ability to perform the compromised inhalation technique; unawareness about the use of healthcare services. Considering the identified diagnosis, specific interventions and their respective indicators were suggested. In addition, diagnostic decision trees were built as a tool to support nurses' decision-making

Centromochlus meridionalis, a new catfish species from the southern Amazonian limits, Mato Grosso State, Brazil (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae)

Centromochlus actually comprises eleven species, being the most problematic genus among the Centromochlinae, including morphologically heterogeneous taxa. The Centromochlus species have a wide distributional area on northern South America. Centromochlus meridionalis, new species, is described from headwaters of rio Teles Pires, contributor of rio Tapajós, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, and represents one of the southernmost records of a centromochlin catfish for Meridional Amazon rivers. Centromochlus meridionalis is promptly distinguished from its congeners by the small orbital diameter (relative to head length), and also by the combination of absence of first nuchal plate, anterior margin of dorsal-fin spine smooth, six branched rays in anal fin, seven pairs of ribs and 34 vertebrae. They are small sized catfishes with adults between 33 to 61 mm in standard length. The modified male anal fin is conspicuous, with the third unbranched ray enlarged, about twice the width of first unbranched ray. The new species inhabits a region strongly endangered by environmental changes due to expansion of agropecuary activities on Brazilian Amazon, which include this species in an uncertain situation regarding the conservation status of its natural population

Drug therapies for obstructive sleep apnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

Introduction Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common disorder that can affect the quality of life and increase the risk for psychiatric, neurological and cardiometabolic diseases. Despite the significant burden, it poses on health and well-being, there is a lack of evidence regarding the use of drug therapies in these patients. This work aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmacological treatment alternatives for patients with OSA.Methods and analysis Databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, SciELO, LILACS, Scopus, Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials and ClinicalTrials.gov, will be used for the search. A search strategy was developed to retrieve clinical trials that have evaluated polysomnographic primary outcome (Apnoea-Hypopnoea index) and secondary outcomes (eg, daytime sleepiness, adverse events) of any drug therapy used for OSA. No date or language restrictions will be applied. Two authors will independently select the studies meeting the inclusion criteria by screening the title, abstract and full text. Data will be extracted, and the risk of bias will be evaluated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Review Manager V.5.4.1 will be used for data synthesis. The Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation will be used to assess the strength of the evidence.Ethics and dissemination As a review of published data, it is not necessary to obtain ethical approval. The findings of this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.PROSPERO registration number CRD42022362639