KAJIAN HUKUM TENTANG TURUT SERTA MELAKUKAN TINDAK PIDANA PEMBUNUHAN (DELNEMING) MENURUT PASAL 55 DAN 56 KUHP

Tujuan dari dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana tujuan pemidanaan dan unsur-unsur tindak pidana dan bagaimana turut serta melakukan Tindak Pidana Pembunuhan (deelneming) Menurut Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana, yang dengan metode penelitian hukum normatif disimpulkan bahwa: 1. Tujuan pemidanaan menurut teori yang diambil dari ahli hukum pidana adalah untuk pembalasan yang merupakan tuntutan mutlak dari kesusilaan terhadap penjahat yang telah merugikan orang lain dengan pemidanaan, kemudian teori tujuan yang berguna untuk pencegahan dan pendidikan dan teori gabungan, yang merupakan gabungan teori pembalasan dan teori tujuan. Di dalam KUHP terdapat 2 (dua) macam unsur yaitu unsur objektif dan unsur subjektif. Unsur objektif adalah unsur yang ada hubungannya dengan keadaan, yaitu di dalam keadaan mana tindakan dari si pelaku itu harus dilakukan, sedangkan unsur subjektif adalah unsur yang melekat pada diri si pelaku atau yang berhubungan dengan diri si pelaku. Unsur subjektif dari sesuatu tindak pidana adalah kesengajaan atau ketidaksengajaan (dolus atau culpa) . 2. Turut serta melakukan perbuatan pidana pembunuhan (Deelneming) menurut KUHPidana, yaitu terlibatnya seseorang atau lebih pada saat orang lain melakukan perbuatan pidana, atau suatu perbuatan delik yang dilakukan oleh dua orang atau lebih.Kata kunci: turut serta; tindak pidana pembunuhan

Diagnosing Asthma Expert System with Case Base Reasoning Methods

Asthma is a disease that is Often found in society, especially in the elderly. Asthma is a long-term chronic disease, if left to be fatal and can cause death. Limited access and costs, to patient health information, it is difficult, to know how much influence the disease. So to find out it needs to be built a simple application that can help and Facilitate the community. The purpose of this application is to identify asama disease in older people with 15 symptoms. For the development of expert systems, Several stages are needed items, namely: Analysis and Design of the data collection. This expert system application complies with asthma used by experts and users

PENGARUH MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN DISIPLIN BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS TINGGI SDN 04 NANSABARIS KABUPATEN PADANGPARIAMAN

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh data hasil belajar siswa kelas tinggi di SDN 04 Nansabaris Kabupaten Padangpariaman yang rendah dan dibawah KKM. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasional yang terdiri dari tiga variabel. Teknik pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini yaitu teknik total sampling yang berjumlah 50 orang siswa.Teknik analisa data yang digunakan yaitu uji persyaratan analisis seperti uji normalitas, uji homogenistas, uji hipotesis dan uji F. Berdasarkan hasil statistik diperoleh (1) pengaruh motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar, uji-t pada taraf signifikan 0,05 t hitung > t tabel atau 8,51 > 1,67, maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal ini berarti terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara motivasi belajar terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas tinggi SDN 04 Nansabaris Kabupaten Padangpariaman. (2) Selanjutnya, hasil statistik disiplin belajar terhadap hasil belajar, ternyata pada taraf signifikan 0,05 t hitung > t tabel atau 9,72 > 1,67, maka Ho ditolak dan Ha diterima. (3) kemudian, hasil statistik untuk motivasi belajar dan disiplin belajar terhadap hasil belajar pada taraf signifikan 0,05 ternyata F hitung > F tabel yaitu 75,88 > 3,20. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak. Ini berarti terdapat Pengaruh Yang Signifikan Antara Motivasi Belajar Dan Disiplin Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas Tinggi SDN 04 Nansabaris Kabupaten Padangpariaman

Accountability implications for intermediaries in upscaling: Energy community rollouts in Portugal

With the increasing diffusion of solar energy, its conditioning by intermediaries merits attention. Depending on the accountability relations between stakeholders, intermediaries can influence the speed of diffusion. We examine these aspects in the intensifying solar rollout in Portugal, a country with high energy prices, relatively low wages, and ambitious climate mitigation plans. Competitive modular photovoltaic costs and enabling energy community legislation have recently prompted several intermediaries to participate in developing energy communities. We analyse the roles of four types of organisations as intermediaries: non-profit institutions, municipalities, new entrant companies with innovative business models and the renewables arm of the incumbent. Their activities influence market structuration and, thus, the nature of the solar PV rollout. Each intermediary legitimises its role through various practices. Whereas some leverage existing networks, others combine innovative business models with the facilitation of energy infrastructure to advance replicable prototypes. Based on three months of multi-sited fieldwork in 2022 featuring 36 interviews, we analyse the emergent roles of intermediaries. In concert with the scholarship on market creation and diffusion pathways, we advance understanding of diffusion in a financially constrained context.publishedVersio

Entangled Stories: The Red Jews in Premodern Yiddish and German Apocalyptic Lore

“Far, far away from our areas, somewhere beyond the Mountains of Darkness, on the other side of the Sambatyon River…there lives a nation known as the Red Jews.” The Red Jews are best known from classic Yiddish writing, most notably from Mendele's Kitser masoes Binyomin hashlishi (The Brief Travels of Benjamin the Third). This novel, first published in 1878, represents the initial appearance of the Red Jews in modern Yiddish literature. This comical travelogue describes the adventures of Benjamin, who sets off in search of the legendary Red Jews. But who are these Red Jews or, in Yiddish, di royte yidelekh? The term denotes the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel, the ten tribes that in biblical times had composed the Northern Kingdom of Israel until they were exiled by the Assyrians in the eighth century BCE. Over time, the myth of their return emerged, and they were said to live in an uncharted location beyond the mysterious Sambatyon River, where they would remain until the Messiah's arrival at the end of time, when they would rejoin the rest of the Jewish people. This article is part of a broader study of the Red Jews in Jewish popular culture from the Middle Ages through modernity. It is partially based on a chapter from my book, Umstrittene Erlöser: Politik, Ideologie und jüdisch-christlicher Messianismus in Deutschland, 1500–1600 (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2011). Several postdoctoral fellowships have generously supported my research on the Red Jews: a Dr. Meyer-Struckmann-Fellowship of the German Academic Foundation, a Harry Starr Fellowship in Judaica/Alan M. Stroock Fellowship for Advanced Research in Judaica at Harvard University, a research fellowship from the Heinrich Hertz-Foundation, and a YIVO Dina Abramowicz Emerging Scholar Fellowship. I thank the organizers of and participants in the colloquia and conferences where I have presented this material in various forms as well as the editors and anonymous reviewers of AJS Review for their valuable comments and suggestions. I am especially grateful to Jeremy Dauber and Elisheva Carlebach of the Institute for Israel and Jewish Studies at Columbia University, where I was a Visiting Scholar in the fall of 2009, for their generous encouragement to write this article. Sue Oren considerably improved my English. The style employed for Romanization of Yiddish follows YIVO's transliteration standards. Unless otherwise noted, translations from the Yiddish, Hebrew, German, and Latin are my own. Quotations from the Bible follow the JPS translation, and those from the Babylonian Talmud are according to the Hebrew-English edition of the Soncino Talmud by Isidore Epstein

Plain Language Study of U.S. Army Human Resources Information

This plain language study explored whether the average soldier could read and comprehend the Army’s human resources information and whether the average grade level completed for soldiers was the same as the average reading grade level of human resources documents. A random sampling of 250 Army human resources documents were scored for reading ease and grade level using the Flesch-Kincaid reading ease tool. The average educational attainment of soldiers, based on Department of Defense data, established a target grade level score of equal to or less than nine and a reading ease score of equal to or above 60. The results of a one-sample t-test indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between the mean reading ease score of 23.8 for the Army’ human resources information and the mean reading ability of 60 for soldiers. The results of an additional one-sample t-test for grade level also indicate that there is a statistically significance difference between the reading grade level score of nine for soldiers and the average reading grade level of 14 for the Army’s human resources information. The mean reading ease score of the Army’s human resources information would have to be almost 40 points higher on the Flesch- Kincaid reading ease scale and four to five grade levels lower to be easily understood by the average soldier. Utilizing transfer theory, which is grounded in the theory of pragmatism and calls for academics to share practical, real-world solutions with practioners, this study proposes the implementation of a Plain Language Checklist. This checklist could help the Army develop clearer, easier to understand information. Plain language human resources information would benefit the careers of individual soldiers who need to be able to understand and act on benefits, promotion, training, and education opportunities while saving HRC resources in terms of employees time and enhancing the Army’s talent management initiatives and overall recruiting and retention goals. Keywords: Plain Language, Readability, Military, U.S. Army, Flesch-Kincaid reading ease, Human ResourcesChapter I: INTRODUCTION 1 -- Statement of the Problem 1 -- Urgency of the Problem 2 -- Barriers to Implementing Plain Language 5 -- Pragmatism as a Conceptual Framework for the Study 6 -- Purpose of the Study 7 -- Research Questions and Hypothesis 8 -- Definition of Terms 9 -- Procedures 10 -- Significance of the Study 10 -- Limitations of the Study 11 -- Organization of the Study 12 -- Chapter II: LITERATURE REVIEW 14 -- Organization of Literature Review 15 -- Theoretical Framework for Plain Language Study 15 -- History of the Plain Language Movement 22 -- U.S. Army and Plain Language Research 24 -- Plain Language Increases Understanding and Saves Organization’s Money 29 -- Clear Need for Plain Language Focus in Army Communications 30 -- Army’s Focus on Writing Guidance has not Increased Readability 31 -- Conflicts and Controversies in Plain Language Literature 33 -- Criticism of Readability Formulas 35 -- Gaps in Plain Language Lirterature 40 -- Statement of Problem 42 -- Chapter III: METHODOLOGY 49 -- Introduction 49 -- Methodology 50 -- Research questions 52 -- Data Collection 54 -- Instrumentation 57 -- Research Procedures 59 -- Data Analysis 61 -- Measuring Soldiers’ Education Levels 61 -- Analytic Procedures 65 -- Research Limitations 67 -- Chapter IV: RESULTS 70 -- Introduction 70 -- Variables Used in Statistical Analysis 71 -- Reading Ease Score Assumptions 72 -- Testing of Research Question One 74 -- Reading Ease Score Descriptive Statistics 74 -- Reading Ease Score Results 75 -- Grade Level Score Assumptions 77 -- Testing of Research Question Two 80 -- Grade Level Score Descriptive Statistics 80 -- Grade Level Score Results 80 -- Conclusion 82 -- Chapter V: DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 86 -- Summary of the Problem 86 -- Reading Ease Score Results 87 -- Grade Level Score Results 87 -- Findings in context of Plain Language Literature 88 -- Implications for Theory 90 -- Meaning of Results 91 -- Potential Explanations for Results 92 -- Implications of Results 93 -- Recommendations 94 -- Implement Practical Guidance Grounded in Theory 94 -- Plain Language Checklist 96 -- Constraints of Implementing a Plain Language Checklist 98 -- Future Research 102 -- Conclusion 106 -- REFERENCES 108 -- APPENDIX A: Figure 1: Army Human Resources Service Center Inquiries 120 -- APPENDIX B: Institutional Review Board Approval 122 -- APPENDIX C: Table 2: Most visited HRC Web Pages and Most Popular Social Media 127 -- APPENDIX D: Table 3: U.S. Army Enlisted and Officer Education Levels 146 -- APPENDIX E: Figure 2: U.S. Army Enlisted and Officer Education Levels 148 -- APPENDIX F: HRC Plain Language Checklist 150Peterson, BonniePeterson, JamesBauer, JeremyD.PA.Public Administratio

Asuhan Keperawatan Pada Nn. A.N Dengan Tuberculosis Paru Di Ruang Tulip Rsud Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johanes Kupang

Penyakit tuberkulosis (TB) paru merupakan suatu penyakit infeksi yang disebabkan bakteri berbentuk batang (basil) yang dikenal dengan nama Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Penularan penyakit ini melalui perantaraan ludah atau dahak penderita yang mengandung basil tuberkulosis paru (Hood, 2002). Dampak social terhadap penyakit ini sedemikian besarnya, sehingga menimbulkan masalah kesehatan yang mendalam. Perawat sebagai salah satu tenaga kesehatan yang bertanggung jawab dalam menyukseskan melaksanakan program penanggulangan penyakit Tuberculosis (TB) yang bertujuan untuk menurunkan angka kesakitan dan kematian dengan cara memutuskan rantai penularan, dalam pelaksanaannya tidak terlepas dari memberikan asuhan keperawatan dengan menggunakan proses keperawatan. Tujuan penulisan adalah untuk asuhan keperawatan pada pasien dengan diagnosa medis Tuberculois (TB) melalui pendekatan proses keperawatan. Desain penelitian adalah studi kasus yang menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan Asuhan Keperawatan yang dilakukan melalui pendekatan proses keperawatan yang terdiri dari pengkajian, diagnosa, intervensi, implementasi dan evaluasi yang dilakukan selama 3 hari. Hasil Studi Kasus pada Nn. A.N ditemukan diagnose keperawatan bersihan jalan nafas tidak efektif berhubungan dengan sekresi mukopuleran dan kurangnya upaya batuk dengan peningkatan produksi mukus dan adanya eskudat dalam alveoli; Bersihan jalan nafas tidak efektif berhubungan dengan sekret kental, kelemahan upaya batuk buruk; Perubahan nutrisi kurang dari kebutuhan tubuh berhubungan dengan kelemahan, anoreksia, ketidakcukupan nutrisi ; Gangguan pola istirahat tidur berhubungan dengan sesak nafas dan batuk; Cemas berhubungan dengan dampak hospitalisasi dan ancaman kematian bagi diri. Kesimpulan setelah dilakukan perawatan selama 3 hari pada ke 5 diagnosa adalah Nn. A.N tidak merasa sesak napas, batuk berlendir berkurang, nutrisis seimbang, pola tidur menjadi efektif dan tidak ada kecemasan akan penyakit yang diderita. Saran untuk pasien adalah agar diharapkan agar masyarakat meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang pencegahan dan penanganan penyakit tuberculosis khususnya dalam penanganan dirumah. Kepada perawat untuk tarsus meningkatkan pelayanan terhadap pasien yang menderita Tuberculosis ( TB). Kata Kunci: Asuhan Keperawatan, Tuberculosis Paru, Ruang Tulip, RSUD Prof. Dr. W.Z. Johannes Kupan

Analisis Pencemaran Logam Berat (Pb, Cr, Cd) Limbah Cair Industri Batik Dan Dampaknya Pada Kesehatan Pekerja Batik (Literature Review 2011-2020)

Limbah cair batik yang dihasilkan berupa limbah logam berat seperti timbal, kromium, kadmium. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar Pb, Cr, Cd yang dibuang oleh industri batik masih sangat tinggi, seperti penelitian Murniati,dkk dimana kadar Pb yang dibuang 0,147-0,215 mg/l dan Cr 0,987-1,154 mg/l, begitu juga penelitian Rossi dimana kadar Pb yaitu 0,225 mg/l dan Cd 0,144 mg/l yang telah melebihi baku mutu yang ditentukan yang berdampak pada lingkungan dan kesehatan pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pencemaran logam berat (Pb, Cr, Cd) limbah cair industri batik dan dampaknya pada kesehatan pekerja industri batik. Jenis literature review yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah integrative literature review, sebanyak 30 artikel dari hasil inklusi dan eksklusi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa identifikasi logam berat (Pb,Cr,Cd) limbah cair industri batik, yaitu (Pb: 7 artikel menyatakan kadar Pb dalam limbah cair telah melebihi baku mutu), (Cr: 8 artikel menyatakan kadar Cr limbah cair melebihi baku mutu, 1 artikel menyatakan masih dalam batas standar yang ditetapkan), (Cd: 3 artikel menyatakan kadar Cd limbah cair batik telah melebihi baku mutu). Dampak limbah cair Pb,Cr,Cd pada lingkungan dari 10 artikel menyatakan bahwa sungai dan laut telah tercemar, dan ditemukan adanya Cr pada sisik ikan nila. Dampak Pb,Cr,Cd pada kesehatan pekerja batik yang kontak dengan Pb,Cr,Cd yaitu adanya dermatitis kontak dan pusing, serta adanya gangguan faal paru. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kadar Pb,Cr,Cd pada limbah cair batik sampai saat ini masih tinggi yang berarti industri batik masih membuang limbah tanpa pengolahan terlebih dahulu, dampak yang ditimbulkan pada lingkungan yaitu sungai yang tercemar dan merusak biota air. Dampak pada kesehatan pekerja yaitu adanya paparan Pb,Cr,Cd dalam tubuh pekerja yang menyebabkan gangguan faal paru, dermatitis kontak, dan pusing

'n Analise van onderwysers se opvoedkundige oortuigings oor onderrig, kennis en leer

Thesis (M.Ed.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.This research was conducted to determine what the nature of teachers’ educational beliefs about teaching, knowledge and learning are, whether there is a relation between their educational beliefs and the way in which they instruct, and if a relation exists, what the nature of such a relation is. Teachers’ educational beliefs about the way in which learners learn and what they are supposed to learn, have a major influence on how the teacher instructs and on how the learners achieve. Educational beliefs are a comprehensive phenomenon and include beliefs about everything. Educational beliefs generally refer to beliefs about teaching, knowledge and learning. The construct epistemological beliefs are actually also used in the literature and can be seen as the more restricted construct that only includes beliefs about knowledge and learning. Both constructs are used in this study. The phenomenon of educational beliefs is used concerning the beliefs about teaching, knowledge and learning, whilst the phenomenon of epistemological beliefs are used when concerned with the beliefs about knowledge and learning. Educational beliefs vary from naïve to sophisticated. Teachers are characterised according to their educational beliefs about teaching as more teacher–centered or more learner–centered. Teachers who are more teacher–centered have more naïve epistemological beliefs and promote superficial learning, which leads to lower academic performances. Conversely, teachers who are more learner–centered have more sophisticated epistemological beliefs that promote an in depth approach to learning, which leads to higher academic performances. The implementation of Outcomes Based Education (OBE) requires inter alia a learner–centered teaching approach and more sophisticated epistemological beliefs. These requirements of OBE poses a major challenge to teachers with more naive epistemological beliefs, because beliefs develop over years and are deeply rooted and difficult to change. With this study it was found that the participants’ epistemological beliefs could be typified as a system including more and less sophisticated epistemological beliefs, thus they did not only have naïve or sophisticated epistemological beliefs. It was also found that the participants of this study were more learner–centered than teacher–centered. Participants with more naïve epistemological beliefs were more teacher–centered compared to participants who had less naïve, thus more sophisticated epistemological beliefs that were more learner–centered. A relation was found between teachers with more naïve epistemological beliefs and a teacher–centered approach and teachers with less naïve epistemological beliefs (thus more sophisticated epistemological beliefs) and a learner–centered approach.Master

La actitud hacia las matemáticas y la resolución de problemas con operaciones aritméticas en alumnos del IV Ciclo de Educación Primaria de la I.E. “Héroes del Cenepa”- Los Olivos, 2014

La presente investigación tiene como finalidad establecer el grado de relación que existe entre las variables de actitud hacia las matemáticas y la resolución de problemas matemáticos con operaciones aritméticas, para lo cual evaluó a los alumnos del IV ciclo de nivel primario de la I.E. “Héroes del Cenepa” del distrito de Los Olivos. El diseño aplicado es de tipo no experimental, trasversal, descriptivo correlacional, debido a que solo se observan las variables en un determinado tiempo y, cuantitativa por la intención de medir lo más objetivamente posible las variables. La población está conformada por los 86 niños de tercero y cuarto de primaria, determinándose el tamaño de la muestra a través de la fórmula estadística de proporciones de una población finita, con un total de 71 individuos escogidos con un muestreo probabilístico. Se confeccionaron dos instrumentos: la Escala de Actitudes hacia las EAM-E y la Prueba para la evaluación de la resolución de problemas matemáticos con operaciones aritméticas RPM-OA, ambos instrumentos pasaron por los procesos de validez de juicio de expertos en pertinencia, congruencia y claridad, determinando la aplicabilidad de ambos. Se determinó la confiabilidad mediante la aplicación de una prueba piloto a un grupo de 30 estudiantes del IV ciclo de nivel primario, procesando los datos con el estadístico de consistencia interna de alfa de Cronbach, el cual fue de 0,843 y 0,674, respectivamente, evidenciando la confiabilidad de los instrumentos. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta. De acuerdo al análisis estadístico de correlación de Spearman, los resultados demuestran la existencia de correlación, de tendencia positiva y fuerte, estadísticamente significativa entre las dos variables de estudio. Por lo tanto, se confirma la hipótesis general: “existe relación significativa entre la actitud hacia las matemáticas y la resolución de problemas matemáticos en alumnos del IV ciclo de educación primaria de la I.E “Héroes del Cenepa” – Los Olivos