Resposta sorológica de bovinos adultos após vacinação com as amostras 19 e RB51 de Brucella abortus

Adult cattle vaccinated once or twice with 2x10(9) viable B. abortus strain RB51 bacteria did not seroconvert in the rose bengal, serum agglutination and mercaptoethanol tests. Animals vaccinated while pregnant did not abort and no B. abortus was isolated from their vaginal mucus and milk.Bovinos adultos vacinados uma ou duas vezes com 2x10(9) bactérias viáveis da amostra RB51 de Brucella abortus não reagiram sorologicamente nas provas de rosa de bengala, soro-aglutinação em tubos e mercaptoetanol. Animais vacinados durante a prenhez não abortaram e não foi isolada B. abortus das secreções vaginais ou do leite

Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood, lymph node, and bone marrow T lymphocytes during canine leishmaniosis and the impact of antileishmanial chemotherapy

Dogs are a major reservoir of Leishmania infantum, etiological agent of canine leishmaniosis (CanL) a zoonotic visceral disease of worldwide concern. Therapeutic protocols based on antileishmanial drugs are commonly used to treat sick dogs and improve their clinical condition. To better understand the impact of Leishmania infection and antileishmanial drugs on the dog's immune response, this study investigates the profile of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subsets in peripheral blood, lymph node, and bone marrow of sick dogs and after two different CanL treatments. Two CanL groups of six dogs each were treated with either miltefosine or meglumine antimoniate combined with allopurinol. Another group of 10 clinically healthy dogs was used as control. Upon diagnosis and during the following 3 months of treatment, peripheral blood, popliteal lymph node, and bone marrow mononuclear cells were collected, labeled for surface markers CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, and intracellular nuclear factor FoxP3, and T lymphocyte subpopulations were immunophenotyped by flow cytometry. CanL dogs presented an overall increased frequency of CD8+ and CD4+CD8+ double-positive T cells in all tissues and a decreased frequency of CD4+ T cells in the blood. Furthermore, there was a higher frequency of CD8+ T cells expressing CD25+FoxP3+ in the blood and bone marrow. During treatment, these subsets recovered to levels similar to those of healthy dogs. Nevertheless, antileishmanial therapy caused an increase of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ T cells in all tissues, associated with the decrease of CD8+CD25−FoxP3− T cell percentages. These findings may support previous studies that indicate that L. infantum manipulates the dog's immune system to avoid the development of a protective response, ensuring the parasite's survival and the conditions that allow the completion of Leishmania life cycle. Both treatments used appear to have an effect on the dog's immune response, proving to be effective in promoting the normalization of T cell subsets.publishersversionpublishe

DECOMPOSITION OF LEAF LITTER IN THE BRAZILIAN CERRADO, CERRADÃO AND FOREST ENVIRONMENTS IN THE AMAZON, BRAZIL

The soils of the Amazon region, despite being under one of the densest forests in the world, are mostly characterized by low nutrient availability, with litter being the main nutrient input route. The present work aimed to evaluate the litter decomposition in forest, Cerrado and Cerradão environments in the Amazon. The litter decomposition rate was estimated by mass loss analysis using litter bags. The collections were performed at intervals of 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270 and 300 days, with four replications. Once collected, the material contained in each litter bag was placed to dry to obtain the dry mass. And so, the remaining mass percentage, the decomposition rates (k) and the half-life time (t1/2) are estimated. During the studied period, the Cerrado environment presented the lowest constant k (0.0017 g g-1 day-1) and consequently longer half-life (407 days). The monthly deposition in Cerrado input ranged from Mgha-1mother1 (June to September). Among the evaluated environments, the forest presented the highest decomposition speed and Cerrado presented the lowest one. It was evidenced that the decomposition process for all studied environments occurred with greater intensity in the rainy season

Biomechanical evaluation of orthopaedic cement combined with antibiotic and methylene blue

OBJETIVO: O cimento acrílico é utilizado há anos nas cirurgias ortopédicas, especialmente nas artroplastias do joelho, merecendo atenção também quando utilizado com o acréscimo de antibióticos (para tratamento de infecções) ou corantes (para facilitação de uma possível retirada). Neste estudo procurou-se avaliar diferenças mecânicas entre o cimento ortopédico puro e quando misturado com antibiótico e/ou corante. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados cimento acrílico ortopédico Surgical Simplex®P Stryker, vancomicina em pó e azul de metileno e as misturas submetidas a testes físicos e mecânicos de acordo com a norma ABNT NBR ISO 5833. Avaliou-se: tempo para a formação de massa, capacidade de intrusão, resistência à compressão, resistência ao dobramento (tensão) e temperatura máxima atingida pelas misturas. RESULTADOS: As misturas avaliadas foram aprovadas quanto ao tempo de preparação da mistura, temperatura máxima alcançada, profundidade da intrusão e resistência à compressão. Somente aquela contendo apenas cimento puro foi aprovada no ensaio de flexão. CONCLUSÃO: O acréscimo de vancomicina e/ou azul de metileno ao cimento ortopédico Surgical Simplex®P Stryker reduz a resistência da mistura à flexão, sendo reprovada pela norma ABNT NBR ISO 5833.OBJECTIVE: Acrylic cement has been used for years on orthopaedic surgeries, especially on knee arthroplasties, deserving special attention when added to antibiotics (for treatment of deep bone infections) or stains (to facilitate its removal). The present study was conducted in order to evaluate potential mechanical differences between the orthopaedic cement itself and when this is added to antibiotic and/or stains. METHODS: Surgical bone cement Simplex®P Stryker, vancomycin and methylene blue were used, and the mixtures were submitted to physical and mechanical tests according the ABNT NBR ISO 5833 rule. The parameters studied here were: time for mass formation, intrusion capability, resistance to compression, resistance to flexion and maximum temperature reached by the mixtures. RESULTS: The evaluated mixtures were approved as to mass formation, maximum temperature, intrusion capability and resistance to compression. Only the one containing pure cement was approved on the flexion essay. CONCLUSION: The addition of vancomycin and/or methylene blue to Surgical Simplex®P Stryker bone cement reduces its resistance to flexion, being unacceptable by the ABNT NBR ISO 5833 rule

Brucella canis in commercial kennel of Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil : cases report

Brucella canis é a bactéria responsável pela brucelose canina, doença infecto-contagiosa que afeta canídeos e possui caráter zoonótico. Comumente, os sinais são ausentes ou inespecíficos, tornando o diagnóstico dependente de avaliação laboratorial. Este estudo teve como objetivo diagnosticar brucelose em cães provenientes de um canil comercial de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram avaliadas amostras de sangue e de soro de 44 cães das raças Beagle e American Staffordshire Terrier e processadas no Laboratório de Bacteriologia Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, através de prova sorológica de Agar Gel ImunoDifusão (AGID) e isolamento em meio seletivo de Farrel (MSFA). A soropositividade foi de 38,63% para a prova de AGID e isolamento de 13,63% na hemocultura em MSFA. Todos os animais encontrados positivos foram submetidos à antibioticoterapia e testados novamente em até seis meses pós-tratamento, resultando não-reagentes após este período. Conclui-se que o antígeno misto na prova da AGID mostrou-se eficiente e seguro para a detecção de anticorpos anti-Brucella canis e comprovado pelo isolamento em MSFA.Canine brucellosis is a contagious infection caused by the bacterium Brucella canis, a zoonotic disease that affects canids. Usually, the signs of the disease are absent or nonspecific, therefore the diagnosis requires laboratory analysis. This study aimed to diagnose brucellosis in dogs from a commercial kennel in the city of Porto Alegre, state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Blood serum samples from 44 Beagle and American Staffordshire Terrier dogs were evaluated and processed at the Veterinary Bacteriology Laboratory of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, in a total of 54 agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) tests and 43 blood culture tests in Farrell's medium (BCFM). Seropositivity was 38.63% for the AGID tests and 13.63% for the blood culture tests. All animals found positive were submitted to antibiotic therapy and tested again up to six months after treatment, not reacting after this period. It was concluded that the mixed antigen in the AGID test proved to be efficient and safe for the detection of anti- Brucella canis antibodies and was confirmed by isolation in BCFM

Meglumine antimoniate and miltefosine combined with allopurinol sustain pro-inflammatory immune environments during canine leishmaniosis treatment

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) caused by Leishmania infantum is a zoonotic disease of global concern. Antileishmanial drug therapies commonly used to treat sick dogs improve their clinical condition, although when discontinued relapses can occur. Thus, the current study aims to evaluate the effect of CanL treatments in peripheral blood, lymph node, and bone marrow cytokine profile associated with clinical recovery. Two groups of six dogs diagnosed with CanL were treated with miltefosine combined with allopurinol and meglumine antimoniate combined with allopurinol (MT+A and MG+A), respectively. At diagnosis and after treatment, during a 3-month follow-up, clinical signs, hematological and biochemical parameters, urinalysis results and antileishmanial antibody titers were registered. Furthermore, peripheral blood, popliteal lymph node, and bone marrow samples were collected to assess the gene expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, TGF-β, and IFN-γ by qPCR. In parallel, were also evaluated samples obtained from five healthy dogs. Both treatment protocols promoted the remission of clinical signs as well as normalization of hematological and biochemical parameters and urinalysis values. Antileishmanial antibodies returned to non-significant titers in all dogs. Sick dogs showed a generalized upregulation of IFN-γ and downregulation of IL-2, IL-4, and TGF-β, while gene expression of IL-12, TNF-α, IL-5, and IL-10 varied between groups and according to evaluated tissue. A trend to the normalization of cytokine gene expression was induced by both miltefosine and meglumine antimoniate combined therapies. However, IFN-γ gene expression was still up-regulated in the three evaluated tissues. Furthermore, the effect of treatment in the gene expression of cytokines that were not significantly changed by infection, indicates that miltefosine and meglumine antimoniate combined therapy directly affects cytokine generation. Both combined therapies are effective in CanL treatment, leading to sustained pro-inflammatory immune environments that can compromise parasite survival and favor dogs' clinical cure. In the current study, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines do not seem to play a prominent role in CanL or during clinical recovery.publishersversionpublishe

Effects of Indigofera suffruticosa Mill (Fabaceae) on the developmental reproductive biology of Aedes aegypti / Efeitos da Indigofera Suffruticosa Mill (Fabaceae) na biologia reprodutiva do desenvolvimento de Aedes aegypti

Moinho Indigofera suffruticosa (Fabaceae) ocorre em abundância no nordeste do Brasil. Suas várias atividades biológicas incluem uma eficácia do extrato aquoso das folhas de I. sufruticosa na inibição da eclosão dos ovos e da ecdise larval, e efeitos dissuasivos na oviposição do mosquito Aedes aegypti . Este estudo investiga uma biologia reprodutiva de A. aegypti exposto à solução aquosa de folhas de I. suffruticosa (AELIs). O desenvolvimento dos órgãos reprodutivos foi investigado utilizando larvas de último instar (L4) de A. aegypti na presença de AELIs.Um tratamento com água destilada para controle. Os experimentos foram realizados após medidas de testículos e glândulas acessórias e da análise do comportamento reprodutivo durante o acasalamento de mosquitos expostos aos AELIs por 24 h. Havia três tratamentos: (1) controle: machos sem exposição aos AELIs; (2) AELIs24h: machos após a exposição de AELIs copulada na ausência de AELIs; (3) AELIs24h + G: machos após a exposição de AELIs copulada na presença de AELIs. Os efeitos dos AELIs na fase larval não interferem no desenvolvimento do tamanho dos órgãos reprodutivos. Além disso, a exposição ao tratamento AELIs24h interfere no comportamento reprodutivo, devido ao número de cópulas.Por outro lado, AELIs24h + G apresentou um aumento significativo no número de cópulas, o que resultou em uma diminuição drástica no número de ovos aumentadas. Este estudo completo que uma espécie I. suffruticosa (AELIs) pode ser usada como uma nova alternativa metodológica para o controle de A. aegypti por ser um produto natural

Meglumine antimoniate and miltefosine combined with allopurinol sustain pro-inflammatory immune environments during canine leishmaniosis treatment

Research Areas: Veterinary SciencesCanine leishmaniosis (CanL) caused by Leishmania infantum is a zoonotic disease of global concern. Antileishmanial drug therapies commonly used to treat sick dogs improve their clinical condition, although when discontinued relapses can occur. Thus, the current study aims to evaluate the effect of CanL treatments in peripheral blood, lymph node, and bone marrow cytokine profile associated with clinical recovery. Two groups of six dogs diagnosed with CanL were treated with miltefosine combined with allopurinol and meglumine antimoniate combined with allopurinol (MT+A and MG+A), respectively. At diagnosis and after treatment, during a 3-month follow-up, clinical signs, hematological and biochemical parameters, urinalysis results and antileishmanial antibody titers were registered. Furthermore, peripheral blood, popliteal lymph node, and bone marrow samples were collected to assess the gene expression of IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-alpha, TGF-beta, and IFN-gamma by qPCR. In parallel, were also evaluated samples obtained from five healthy dogs. Both treatment protocols promoted the remission of clinical signs as well as normalization of hematological and biochemical parameters and urinalysis values. Antileishmanial antibodies returned to non-significant titers in all dogs. Sick dogs showed a generalized upregulation of IFN-gamma and downregulation of IL-2, IL-4, and TGF-beta, while gene expression of IL-12, TNF-alpha, IL-5, and IL-10 varied between groups and according to evaluated tissue. A trend to the normalization of cytokine gene expression was induced by both miltefosine and meglumine antimoniate combined therapies. However, IFN-gamma gene expression was still up-regulated in the three evaluated tissues. Furthermore, the effect of treatment in the gene expression of cytokines that were not significantly changed by infection, indicates that miltefosine and meglumine antimoniate combined therapy directly affects cytokine generation. Both combined therapies are effective in CanL treatment, leading to sustained pro-inflammatory immune environments that can compromise parasite survival and favor dogs' clinical cure. In the current study, anti-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines do not seem to play a prominent role in CanL or during clinical recovery.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Clinic-pathological aspects in the natural infection of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRVS) in extensive management of cattle in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

The clinical aspects as well as the pathology, microbiology and serology of a natural Bovine Respiratory Syncytial (BRSV) infection of bovine in a herd of 600 beef cattle kept under extensive management in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, are described. Clinically two animals had chronic cough and severe dyspnea when forced to mild physical exercise. These two animals were euthanatized and post-morten examination was performed. The macroscopic changes were of pulmonary origin, such as disseminated alveolar emphysema, focal atelectasis and marked interlobular septal thickening. The fluorescent antibody test on lung cryostat sections was positive to BRSV for both animals, and it was negative to PI-3 virus, BVDV and BHV. The BRSV was isolated from the lung of one of the animals on MDBK, and was also identified by fluorescent antibody test. No association with Chlamydia psittaci was found by ELISA performed on lung tissues.The histopathology showed syncytial cells, chronic emphysema, peribronchiolar muscle layer hypertrophy and squamous metaplasia of bronchial and bronchiolar epithelia. The serology to detect antibodies to BRSV resulted in 79% of positives from the first specimen collection. In this group of young animals some of them had a cough. The second samples collected 6 months later were from animals of different age groups resulting in 17.3% of positives. This is the first report on clinical BRSV infection in Brazil.São descritas as manifestações clínicas, patológicas, microbiológicos e sorológicos da enfermidade natural causada pelo Vírus Respiratório Sincicial Bovino (BRSV) em uma criação extensiva de bovinos de corte no Rio Grande do Sul. Clinicamente havia tosse crônica e dispnéia intensa frente a exercícios físicos mínimos em dois animais. Os dois foram sacrificados e necropsiados. As alterações macroscópicas eram pulmonares com enfisema alveolar disseminado, focos de atelectasia e espessamento dos septos interlobulares. A imunofluorescência para BRSV em corte de pulmão congelado foi positiva em ambos os casos, sendo negativa para Parainfluenza-3 (PI-3), Diarréia Vírica Bovina (BVDV) e Rinotraqueíte Infecciosa Bovina (BHV). Foi isolado BRSV em cultivo celular de MDBK a partir de um dos animais necropsiados. Nenhuma associação foi detectada através de elisa para detecção de antígeno LPS gênero específico de Chlamydia psittaci no tecido pulmonar.O exame histopatológico evidenciou células sinciciais, enfisema crônico, hipertrofia da camada muscular peribronquiolar e metaplasia escamosa do epitélio bronquial e bronquiolar. O exame sorológico para BRSV evidenciou 79% de soropositivos em uma primeira amostragem na qual havia animais jovens e alguns com tosse. O segundo exame sorológico 6 meses após, proveniente de animais de diferentes faixas etárias, resultou em 17,3% de soropositivos. Este é o primeiro relato de doença causada por BRSV no Brasil.778

DISTRIBUIÇÃO ESPACIAL E CONDIÇÕES DO USO DE EQUIPAMENTOS DE LAZER DA CIDADE DE IGUATU-CE

Os Equipamentos de esporte e lazer são componentes de uma Política Pública, estando em constante mudança para que assim haja um bom funcionamento do desenvolvimento das práticas, nas suas instalações acontecem eventos e atividades de lazer de modo geral. Em uma cidade o lazer pode ser realizado em locais que são construídos e adequados exclusivamente para os moradores se distraírem nas horas vagas, e esses locais são considerados ambientes públicos, ou seja, espaços de uso comum. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar as condições do uso de equipamentos de lazer da cidade de Iguatu-CE e identificar a distribuição espacial dos mesmos. Serviram como amostra do estudo 54 equipamentos públicos da cidade de Iguatu, tais como: praças, estádios de futebol, academias de saúde, teatros, escola de música, campos de futebol, museu, areninha. A presente pesquisa trata-se de um estudo observacional, descritivo, de amostragem não probabilística intencional, onde os elementos do estudo foram selecionados por conveniência pelo pesquisador munido de um questionário semiestruturado, realizando registros de acordo com as situações assim observadas do equipamento, sendo também feito registros fotográficos dos equipamentos. A análise de dados foi realizada através distribuição de frequências absolutas e percentuais, por meio do software JASP, na sua versão 0.0.9.1. Destaca-se nos resultados a pavimentação em 85,2% dos equipamentos e iluminação em 75,9% dos mesmos. Destaca-se ainda a ausência de locais de descanso em 94,4% e falta de policiamento (87%) e de banheiros (75,9%). Conclui-se que os espaços públicos não se traduzem como possibilidade determinada para a vivência das atividades de lazer para parte da população, seja devido à má conservação, falta limpeza dos equipamentos, falta de manutenção ou por questões de segurança pública, por esses fatores alguns eventos de lazer ficam prejudicados ou até mesmo inibidos desses locais. &nbsp