Efecto post-quirúrgico en el incremento de peso en gatos orquiectomizados

Los gatos son una especie que genera problemas para la salud humana por su alta prolificidad, además de daños irreversibles para la fauna endémica ya que son cazadores natos. Para controlar la sobrepoblación felina se utilizan estrategias como albergues, esterilización quirúrgica y esterilización química. Sin embargo, la esterilización puede predisponer a los animales a la obesidad. El objetivo del estudio fue demostrar la relación existente entre la esterilización quirúrgica y el aumento de peso en gatos machos después del proceso quirúrgico. Se utilizaron 14 gatos machos mestizos, clínicamente sanos. Los animales fueron pesados individualmente antes de la cirugía y después del procedimiento quirúrgico fueron monitoreados durante tres meses, registrando su peso cada semana. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron un aumento de peso después de la cirugía, observando diferencias significativas (P<0.05) entre el peso promedio inicial (3.0 ± 1.1) y el peso promedio final de los gatos (4.6 ± 0.8). También se determinó que existe una correlación positiva (r2=0.236) entre el incremento de peso de los gatos y los días posteriores al proceso quirúrgico. Asimismo, se observó una relación lineal con pendiente positiva (r=0.486) entre el peso de los gatos y los días posteriores a la esterilización quirúrgica. Se concluye, que los gatos tienden a subir de peso después de la orquiectomía, ya que ingieren una mayor cantidad de energía que sobrepasa sus necesidades nutricionales, resultando en la formación de depósitos grasos que influyen en el aumento de la condición corporal

Global Retinoblastoma Presentation and Analysis by National Income Level.

Importance: Early diagnosis of retinoblastoma, the most common intraocular cancer, can save both a child's life and vision. However, anecdotal evidence suggests that many children across the world are diagnosed late. To our knowledge, the clinical presentation of retinoblastoma has never been assessed on a global scale. Objectives: To report the retinoblastoma stage at diagnosis in patients across the world during a single year, to investigate associations between clinical variables and national income level, and to investigate risk factors for advanced disease at diagnosis. Design, Setting, and Participants: A total of 278 retinoblastoma treatment centers were recruited from June 2017 through December 2018 to participate in a cross-sectional analysis of treatment-naive patients with retinoblastoma who were diagnosed in 2017. Main Outcomes and Measures: Age at presentation, proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, and tumor stage and metastasis. Results: The cohort included 4351 new patients from 153 countries; the median age at diagnosis was 30.5 (interquartile range, 18.3-45.9) months, and 1976 patients (45.4%) were female. Most patients (n = 3685 [84.7%]) were from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Globally, the most common indication for referral was leukocoria (n = 2638 [62.8%]), followed by strabismus (n = 429 [10.2%]) and proptosis (n = 309 [7.4%]). Patients from high-income countries (HICs) were diagnosed at a median age of 14.1 months, with 656 of 666 (98.5%) patients having intraocular retinoblastoma and 2 (0.3%) having metastasis. Patients from low-income countries were diagnosed at a median age of 30.5 months, with 256 of 521 (49.1%) having extraocular retinoblastoma and 94 of 498 (18.9%) having metastasis. Lower national income level was associated with older presentation age, higher proportion of locally advanced disease and distant metastasis, and smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma. Advanced disease at diagnosis was more common in LMICs even after adjusting for age (odds ratio for low-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 17.92 [95% CI, 12.94-24.80], and for lower-middle-income countries vs upper-middle-income countries and HICs, 5.74 [95% CI, 4.30-7.68]). Conclusions and Relevance: This study is estimated to have included more than half of all new retinoblastoma cases worldwide in 2017. Children from LMICs, where the main global retinoblastoma burden lies, presented at an older age with more advanced disease and demonstrated a smaller proportion of familial history of retinoblastoma, likely because many do not reach a childbearing age. Given that retinoblastoma is curable, these data are concerning and mandate intervention at national and international levels. Further studies are needed to investigate factors, other than age at presentation, that may be associated with advanced disease in LMICs

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 11

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 11, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso

Reducing the environmental impact of surgery on a global scale: systematic review and co-prioritization with healthcare workers in 132 countries

Abstract Background Healthcare cannot achieve net-zero carbon without addressing operating theatres. The aim of this study was to prioritize feasible interventions to reduce the environmental impact of operating theatres. Methods This study adopted a four-phase Delphi consensus co-prioritization methodology. In phase 1, a systematic review of published interventions and global consultation of perioperative healthcare professionals were used to longlist interventions. In phase 2, iterative thematic analysis consolidated comparable interventions into a shortlist. In phase 3, the shortlist was co-prioritized based on patient and clinician views on acceptability, feasibility, and safety. In phase 4, ranked lists of interventions were presented by their relevance to high-income countries and low–middle-income countries. Results In phase 1, 43 interventions were identified, which had low uptake in practice according to 3042 professionals globally. In phase 2, a shortlist of 15 intervention domains was generated. In phase 3, interventions were deemed acceptable for more than 90 per cent of patients except for reducing general anaesthesia (84 per cent) and re-sterilization of ‘single-use’ consumables (86 per cent). In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for high-income countries were: introducing recycling; reducing use of anaesthetic gases; and appropriate clinical waste processing. In phase 4, the top three shortlisted interventions for low–middle-income countries were: introducing reusable surgical devices; reducing use of consumables; and reducing the use of general anaesthesia. Conclusion This is a step toward environmentally sustainable operating environments with actionable interventions applicable to both high– and low–middle–income countries

Beneficios del Propilenglicol en el Periparto en Cetosis Subclínica y Parámetros Productivos en el Trópico Veracruzano

The effects of propylene glycol (PG) delivered in the peripartum, on body condition (CC), concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), prevalence of subclinical ketosis (CS), milk production (PL) and open days (DA) were determined in multiparous dairy cows from the tropic of Veracruz. Three weeks before, the cows were randomly selected to receive 250 ml of PG / day (n = 18) or H2O (Control, n = 18) orally and continued with the treatment until the third week postpartum. The CC was measured every week and milk daily. Starting the week of delivery, a milk sample was taken weekly for 4 weeks to determine BHBA and prevalence of CS (BHBA ≥ 200μmol / l). The statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA 7. The PG cows maintained better (P˂0.05) CC at the fourth postpartum week (3.21 ± 0.18) than the control cows (2.7 ± 0.18). PG cows had lower (P˂0.05) CS prevalence and BHBA concentrations (0% and 51.6 ± 41.0 μmol/l) than control cows (64% and 214.5 ± 41.6 μmol/l, respectively). The PG cows produced 933.2 more liters of milk / lactation. The DAs were similar (P = 0.10) in both groups. Concluding that the treatment with peripartum PG increased the milk production, decreased the concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate and the prevalence of CS, maintained better the CC, but did not reduce the DASe determinaron los efectos de propilenglicol (PG) suministrado en el periparto, en la condición corporal (CC), concentraciones de β-hidroxibutirato (BHBA), prevalencia de cetosis subclínica (CS), producción de leche (PL) y días abiertos (DA), en vacas lecheras multíparas del trópico veracruzano. Tres semanas preparto las vacas fueron seleccionadas aleatoriamente para recibir 250 ml de PG/día (n=18) o H2O (Control, n=18) vía oral y continuaron con el tratamiento hasta la tercera semana posparto. La CC se midió cada semana y la leche diariamente. Iniciando la semana del parto se tomó una muestra de leche semanalmente durante 4 semanas para determinar BHBA y prevalencia de CS (BHBA ≥ 200μmol/l). El análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando STATISTICA 7. Las vacas PG mantuvieron mejor (P˂0.05) CC a la cuarta semana posparto (3.21±0.18) que las vacas control (2.7±0.18). Las vacas PG tuvieron menor (P˂0.05) prevalencia de CS y concentraciones de BHBA (0% y 51.6±41.0 μmol/l) que las vacas control (64% y 214.5±41.6 μmol/l, respectivamente). Las vacas PG produjeron 933.2 más litros de leche/lactancia. Los DA fueron similares (P=0.10) en ambos grupos. Concluyendo que el tratamiento con PG periparto incrementó la producción de leche, disminuyó las concentraciones de β-hidroxibutirato y la prevalencia de CS, mantuvo mejor la CC, pero no redujo los D