Proposta de utilização do biodiesel em tratores de uma instituição de ensino superior: uma simulação computacional

Este artigo propõe o desenvolvimento de um modelo para o aproveitamento do óleo vegetal pós-uso como matéria-prima para a geração de biodiesel, e utilização deste combustível em tratores de uma Instituição de Ensino Superior (IES). Espera-se, dessa forma, reduzir os potenciais impactos ambientais advindos da destinação incorreta deste composto vegetal, e os impactos da queima do óleo diesel mineral, bem como reduzir os custos para a aquisição de combustível para os tratores. Para tanto, simulou-se a geração de biodiesel e a sua utilização nos tratores da IES, a partir do óleo vegetal pós-uso, em um horizonte de 4 anos. O modelo foi desenvolvido por meio do Software Vensim PLE, e foram simulados 3 cenários distintos: cenário A (biodiesel a 5%); cenário B (biodiesel a 8%); e cenário C (biodiesel a 12%). Os resultados obtidos, por meio da simulação computacional, demonstram que o reaproveitamento do óleo vegetal pós-uso para a produção de biodiesel promove a redução do impacto ambiental, em relação a poluição da água e do ar, bem como a economia financeira, em virtude da menor necessidade de aquisição de óleo mineral. A simulação mostrou que os cenários com maior percentual de biodiesel na mistura trazem melhores resultados nos três fatores analisados, sugerindo que a IES busque utilizar esse combustível

Espectrofotometria da deposição de agrotóxico no dossel do tomateiro

Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar a uniformidade de distribuição e a deposição de calda no dossel do tomateiro, utilizando a técnica da espectrofotometria. O experimento foi realizado em lavoura comercial de tomate, cultivar Santa Clara, no município de Coimbra, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os ensaios foram realizados utilizando o pulverizador costal manual, da marca Jacto, modelo PJH com capacidade de 20 L, instalados em esquema fatorial 3 x 2: três volume de pulverização, duas doses do inseticida. Foi usado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com três repetições. Os volumes de calda por unidade foliar foram analisados em seis posições no dossel da planta: superior externo e interno, mediano externo e interno, inferior externo e interno. Não houve diferença significativa, independentemente da dose e posição no dossel da planta quando analisada a interação Volume / dose. Para todos os volumes de pulverização estudados, a maior deposição de calda (mL cm-2) ocorreu nas posições externas

Lung Recruitment Assessed by Electrical Impedance Tomography (RECRUIT):A Multicenter Study of COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

Rationale: Defining lung recruitability is needed for safe positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) selection in mechanically ventilated patients. However, there is no simple bedside method including both assessment of recruitability and risks of overdistension as well as personalized PEEP titration. Objectives: To describe the range of recruitability using electrical impedance tomography (EIT), effects of PEEP on recruitability, respiratory mechanics and gas exchange, and a method to select optimal EIT-based PEEP. Methods: This is the analysis of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from an ongoing multicenter prospective physiological study including patients with moderate-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome of different causes. EIT, ventilator data, hemodynamics, and arterial blood gases were obtained during PEEP titration maneuvers. EIT-based optimal PEEP was defined as the crossing point of the overdistension and collapse curves during a decremental PEEP trial. Recruitability was defined as the amount of modifiable collapse when increasing PEEP from 6 to 24 cm H2O (DCollapse24–6). Patients were classified as low, medium, or high recruiters on the basis of tertiles of DCollapse24–6. Measurements and Main Results: In 108 patients with COVID-19, recruitability varied from 0.3% to 66.9% and was unrelated to acute respiratory distress syndrome severity. Median EIT-based PEEP differed between groups: 10 versus 13.5 versus 15.5 cm H2O for low versus medium versus high recruitability (P, 0.05). This approach assigned a different PEEP level from the highest compliance approach in 81% of patients. The protocol was well tolerated; in four patients, the PEEP level did not reach 24 cm H2O because of hemodynamic instability. Conclusions: Recruitability varies widely among patients with COVID-19. EIT allows personalizing PEEP setting as a compromise between recruitability and overdistension.</p

Hiperplasia adrenal congênita por deficiência da 21-hidroxilase

A hiperplasia adrenal congênita é um distúrbio enzimático das supra-renais resultante da deficiência de uma das diversas enzimas necessárias para a biossíntese dos esteróides adrenais a partir do colesteroL A deficiência da enzima 21-hidroxilase é responsável pela grande maioria dos casos. Neste trabalho, revisamos as características clínicas e laboratoriais, o tratamento e o acompanhamento das crianças com hiperplasia adrenal congênita por deficiência da 21-hidroxilase. Discute-se também a importância do conhecimento das bases genéticas para o diagnóstico deste distúrbio, assim como os aspectos atuais do diagnóstico e tratamento intrauterino.The congenital adrenal hyperplasia is an enzimatic disturbance of the adrenal glands that results from the deficiency of the enzimes needed to the adrenal steroids biosynthesis from cholesterol. The 21 -hydroxylase deficiency is the most frequent enzimatic disorder. Clinical presentation, laboratory evaluation and management of this disorder are discussed. Furthermore, the genetic basis for the diagnosis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency and the current aspects of prenatal diagnosis and treatment are also presented

Physics case for an LHCb Upgrade II - Opportunities in flavour physics, and beyond, in the HL-LHC era

The LHCb Upgrade II will fully exploit the flavour-physics opportunities of the HL-LHC, and study additional physics topics that take advantage of the forward acceptance of the LHCb spectrometer. The LHCb Upgrade I will begin operation in 2020. Consolidation will occur, and modest enhancements of the Upgrade I detector will be installed, in Long Shutdown 3 of the LHC (2025) and these are discussed here. The main Upgrade II detector will be installed in long shutdown 4 of the LHC (2030) and will build on the strengths of the current LHCb experiment and the Upgrade I. It will operate at a luminosity up to 2×1034 cm−2s−1, ten times that of the Upgrade I detector. New detector components will improve the intrinsic performance of the experiment in certain key areas. An Expression Of Interest proposing Upgrade II was submitted in February 2017. The physics case for the Upgrade II is presented here in more depth. CP-violating phases will be measured with precisions unattainable at any other envisaged facility. The experiment will probe b → sl+l−and b → dl+l− transitions in both muon and electron decays in modes not accessible at Upgrade I. Minimal flavour violation will be tested with a precision measurement of the ratio of B(B0 → μ+μ−)/B(Bs → μ+μ−). Probing charm CP violation at the 10−5 level may result in its long sought discovery. Major advances in hadron spectroscopy will be possible, which will be powerful probes of low energy QCD. Upgrade II potentially will have the highest sensitivity of all the LHC experiments on the Higgs to charm-quark couplings. Generically, the new physics mass scale probed, for fixed couplings, will almost double compared with the pre-HL-LHC era; this extended reach for flavour physics is similar to that which would be achieved by the HE-LHC proposal for the energy frontier

LHCb upgrade software and computing : technical design report

This document reports the Research and Development activities that are carried out in the software and computing domains in view of the upgrade of the LHCb experiment. The implementation of a full software trigger implies major changes in the core software framework, in the event data model, and in the reconstruction algorithms. The increase of the data volumes for both real and simulated datasets requires a corresponding scaling of the distributed computing infrastructure. An implementation plan in both domains is presented, together with a risk assessment analysis

Measurement of the CKM angle γγ in B±→DK±B^\pm\to D K^\pm and B±→Dπ±B^\pm \to D π^\pm decays with D→KS0h+h−D \to K_\mathrm S^0 h^+ h^-

A measurement of $CP$-violating observables is performed using the decays $B^\pm\to D K^\pm$ and $B^\pm\to D \pi^\pm$, where the $D$ meson is reconstructed in one of the self-conjugate three-body final states $K_{\mathrm S}\pi^+\pi^-$ and $K_{\mathrm S}K^+K^-$ (commonly denoted $K_{\mathrm S} h^+h^-$). The decays are analysed in bins of the $D$-decay phase space, leading to a measurement that is independent of the modelling of the $D$-decay amplitude. The observables are interpreted in terms of the CKM angle $\gamma$. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9\,\text{fb}^{-1}$ collected in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of $7$, $8$, and $13\,\text{TeV}$ with the LHCb experiment, $\gamma$ is measured to be $\left(68.7^{+5.2}_{-5.1}\right)^\circ$. The hadronic parameters $r_B^{DK}$, $r_B^{D\pi}$, $\delta_B^{DK}$, and $\delta_B^{D\pi}$, which are the ratios and strong-phase differences of the suppressed and favoured $B^\pm$ decays, are also reported

Avaliação da subluxação da articulação cricotireóidea no tratamento da paralisia unilateral de prega vocal

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