Los motivos del suplicio en el "Cristalián de España" de Beatriz Berna

Beatriz Bernal ofrece en el Cristalián de España numerosas escenas truculentas con terribles mortificaciones sobre el cuerpo humano, especialmente sobre el femenino, como venganza, castigo o placer. En su gráfica recreación, articula diferentes motivos caballerescos relacionados con los suplicios, motivos explicables a luz de la antropología y del folclore, de la literatura artúrica y hagiográfica. Los tormentos de mártires, santos y santas sufrientes, conocidos por sus posibles lecturas y prácticas religiosas, le ayudaron a imaginar y ampliar el catálogo de atrocidades. Al cruzar los motivos del suplicio con la magia, la escritora vallisoletana descubrió un nuevo tipo de maravilla, una fantasía violenta que imprime una nota distintiva a su libro de caballerías.Beatriz Bernal offers in the Cristalián de España many gruesome scenes of horrifying mortifications to the human body, especially to the feminine one, such as revenge, punishment or pleasure. In its graphic recreation, different chivalry motives related to torture are articulated, which can be explained by the anthropology and folklore of the Arthurian literature and hagiographic. The torture of martyrs and suffering saints, well-known due to the possible lectures and religious practices, helped her imagine and amplify the list of atrocities. Mixing the motives of torture with the magic ones, the Spanish writer discovered a new type of wonder: a violent fantasy that gives a personal touch to her book

Los motivos del suplicio en el "Cristalián de España" de Beatriz Berna

Beatriz Bernal ofrece en el Cristalián de España numerosas escenas truculentas con terribles mortificaciones sobre el cuerpo humano, especialmente sobre el femenino, como venganza, castigo o placer. En su gráfica recreación, articula diferentes motivos caballerescos relacionados con los suplicios, motivos explicables a luz de la antropología y del folclore, de la literatura artúrica y hagiográfica. Los tormentos de mártires, santos y santas sufrientes, conocidos por sus posibles lecturas y prácticas religiosas, le ayudaron a imaginar y ampliar el catálogo de atrocidades. Al cruzar los motivos del suplicio con la magia, la escritora vallisoletana descubrió un nuevo tipo de maravilla, una fantasía violenta que imprime una nota distintiva a su libro de caballerías.Beatriz Bernal offers in the Cristalián de España many gruesome scenes of horrifying mortifications to the human body, especially to the feminine one, such as revenge, punishment or pleasure. In its graphic recreation, different chivalry motives related to torture are articulated, which can be explained by the anthropology and folklore of the Arthurian literature and hagiographic. The torture of martyrs and suffering saints, well-known due to the possible lectures and religious practices, helped her imagine and amplify the list of atrocities. Mixing the motives of torture with the magic ones, the Spanish writer discovered a new type of wonder: a violent fantasy that gives a personal touch to her book

El personaje y la retórica del nombre propio en los libros de caballerías españoles

Onomastics is an indispensible element in the configuration of the chivalrous personality and in the development of his various adventures. An analysis and interpretation of proper names will reveal the essence of the various characters, their qualities and their states of mind. A study of the mechanisms and principIes governing their formation (etymological invention and derivation of names) also shows that in the tales of chivalrous deeds, the name itself is a fascinating verbal adventure.La onomástica es un elemento indispensable en la configuración del personaje caballeresco y en el desarrollo de muchas aventuras, A través del análisis e interpretación del nombre propio, se descubre la esencia de los personajes, sus cualidades y sus estados animicos. El estudio de los mecanismos y principios que rigen su formación (invención etimológica y derivación nominal) demuestra también cómo el nombre mismo es en los libros de caballerías una apasionante aventura verbal

La materia artúrica en El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha.

La materia de Bretaña o artúrica se constituye de una serie de textos, de origen histórico, logrando configurar un mito literario a través de la figura del rey Arturo y sus aventuras. Pronto aparecerán los primeros romans de tema bretón gracias a Chrétien de Troyes, quien incluye tramas tan exitosas como el amor adúltero entre Lanzarote y Ginebra. Tras él se desarrollarán textos en verso y en prosa de tema caballeresco, convirtiéndose en una gran referencia para autores de distintas épocas. Cervantes utilizará su conocimiento sobre la tradición artúrica en El ingenioso hidalgo don Quijote de la Mancha y el objetivo del presente trabajo es reflejar la forma en la que el autor utiliza esta tradición en su novela. Cervantes consigue incrementar la locura del hidalgo, alimentada por el resto de los personajes de la obra, gracias al uso de los personajes más relevantes de la tradición artúrica.<br /

Treatment with tocilizumab or corticosteroids for COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammatory state: a multicentre cohort study (SAM-COVID-19)

Objectives: The objective of this study was to estimate the association between tocilizumab or corticosteroids and the risk of intubation or death in patients with coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) with a hyperinflammatory state according to clinical and laboratory parameters. Methods: A cohort study was performed in 60 Spanish hospitals including 778 patients with COVID-19 and clinical and laboratory data indicative of a hyperinflammatory state. Treatment was mainly with tocilizumab, an intermediate-high dose of corticosteroids (IHDC), a pulse dose of corticosteroids (PDC), combination therapy, or no treatment. Primary outcome was intubation or death; follow-up was 21 days. Propensity score-adjusted estimations using Cox regression (logistic regression if needed) were calculated. Propensity scores were used as confounders, matching variables and for the inverse probability of treatment weights (IPTWs). Results: In all, 88, 117, 78 and 151 patients treated with tocilizumab, IHDC, PDC, and combination therapy, respectively, were compared with 344 untreated patients. The primary endpoint occurred in 10 (11.4%), 27 (23.1%), 12 (15.4%), 40 (25.6%) and 69 (21.1%), respectively. The IPTW-based hazard ratios (odds ratio for combination therapy) for the primary endpoint were 0.32 (95%CI 0.22-0.47; p < 0.001) for tocilizumab, 0.82 (0.71-1.30; p 0.82) for IHDC, 0.61 (0.43-0.86; p 0.006) for PDC, and 1.17 (0.86-1.58; p 0.30) for combination therapy. Other applications of the propensity score provided similar results, but were not significant for PDC. Tocilizumab was also associated with lower hazard of death alone in IPTW analysis (0.07; 0.02-0.17; p < 0.001). Conclusions: Tocilizumab might be useful in COVID-19 patients with a hyperinflammatory state and should be prioritized for randomized trials in this situatio

Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo

Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass M&gt;70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0&lt;e≤0.3 at 0.33 Gpc−3 yr−1 at 90\% confidence level

Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM

La Bataille de Caresme et de Charnage. Cinco epopeyas alegóricas, traducción, estudio y notas por Lourdes Simó, [Reseña de libro]

Reseña de La Bataille de Caresme et de Charnage. Cinco epopeyas alegóricas, traducción, estudio y notas por Lourdes Simó, Barcelona, PPU, 1989, 189 pp