Développement d’un système d’appariement pour l’e-recrutement

Ce mémoire tente de répondre à une problématique très importante dans le domaine de recrutement : l’appariement entre offre d’emploi et candidats. Dans notre cas nous disposons de milliers d’offres d’emploi et de millions de profils ramassés sur les sites dédiés et fournis par un industriel spécialisé dans le recrutement. Les offres d’emploi et les profils de candidats sur les réseaux sociaux professionnels sont généralement destinés à des lecteurs humains qui sont les recruteurs et les chercheurs d’emploi. Chercher à effectuer une sélection automatique de profils pour une offre d’emploi se heurte donc à certaines difficultés que nous avons cherché à résoudre dans le présent mémoire. Nous avons utilisé des techniques de traitement automatique de la langue naturelle pour extraire automatiquement les informations pertinentes dans une offre d’emploi afin de construite une requête qui nous permettrait d’interroger notre base de données de profils. Pour valider notre modèle d’extraction de métier, de compétences et de d’expérience, nous avons évalué ces trois différentes tâches séparément en nous basant sur une référence cent offres d’emploi canadiennes que nous avons manuellement annotée. Et pour valider notre outil d’appariement nous avons fait évaluer le résultat de l’appariement de dix offres d’emploi canadiennes par un expert en recrutement.Our work seeks to address a very important issue in the recruitment field: matching jobs postings and candidates. We have thousands of jobs postings and millions of profiles collected from internet provided by a specialized firm in recruitment. Job postings and candidate profiles on professional social networks are generally intended for human readers who are recruiters and job seekers. We use natural language processing (NLP) techniques to automatically extract relevant information in a job offer. We use the extracted information to build automatically a query on our database. To validate our information retrieval model of occupation, skills and experience, we use hundred Canadian jobs postings manually annotated. And to validate our matching tool we evaluate the result of the matching of ten Canadian jobs by a recruitment expert

Developing Poetic Writing Skills: A Teaching Technique for Advanced ESL/EFL Learners

This article attempts to showcase a number of techniques to teach poetic writing skills in EFL settings. First and foremost, we have tried to identify and propose corrective attitudes to work out the psychological obstacles that impede the practice of poetry in many EFL classrooms. Then, we have selected some basic characteristics of poetic discourse through lyric songs to increase learners’ awareness of the specificities of poetry. The mastery of the structure and functioning of figurative language has been the essential skill to develop. Furthermore, the technique privileges the process-oriented approach which is based on well-structured, harmonious and interrelated phases to help learners start composing simple verses and poems

Nucleophilic displacement versus electron transfer in the reactions of alkyl chlorosilanes with electrogenerated aromatic anion radicals

International audienceAnion radicals of a series of aromatic compounds (C6H5CN, C6H5COOEt, anthracene, 9,10-dimethyl-, 9,10-diphenyl- and 9-phenylanthracene, pyrene and naphthalene) react with trialkyl chlorosilanes R1R2R3SiCl (R1-3 = Me, Et; R1,2 = Me, R3 = t-Bu) in multiple ways, following classical bimolecular schemes. The ratio of one-electron transfer (ET) to a two-electron process (SN2-like nucleophilic attack of the reduced form of mediator on the chlorosilane, with k2 ≅ 102-108 M−1 s−1) is inversely related to the steric availability of Si for nucleophilic displacement reactions. The nucleophilic substitution pathway mainly results in mono- and disilylated aromatic products. Paralleling the electrochemical data with DFT calculations, the role of silicophilic solvent (DMF) in SN process was shown to be quite complex because of its involvement into coordination extension at silicon, dynamically modifying energetics of the process along the reaction coordinate. Although 2,2'-bipyridine also forms delocalized persistent anion radicals, they do not induce neither ET nor SN reactions in the same manner as aromatic mediators. Silicophilicity of 2,2'-bipyridine being superior to that of DMF, a R3SiCl·bipy complex of hypercoordinated silicon with electroactive ligand was formed instead, whose reduction requires about 1 V less negative potentials than bipyridine itself

Impacts de l’utilisation des eaux polluées en agriculture urbaine sur la qualité de la nappe de Dakar (Sénégal)

L’agriculture urbaine de la région de Dakar est un secteur en plein essor. À cause de la salinisation progressive des eaux de la nappe peu profonde (eaux de Céanes ), des eaux usées brutes sont utilisées pour irriguer les champs. L’objectif de notre étude est d’évaluer la qualité chimique et microbiologique des eaux de la nappe sous-jacentes aux champs irrigués et d’identifier les sources de pollution. Notre travail a été effectué dans les sites de Pikine et de Patte d’Oie.L’analyse de la qualité chimique des eaux d’arrosage a montré qu’à Pikine, la conductivité des eaux de Céanes est plus élevée (4822±2411 µS cm-1) par rapport à celle des eaux usées (3579±1242 µS cm-1 ; p<0.04). Par contre à Patte d’Oie, les eaux d’arrosage sont moins salées (<3000 µS cm-1). La quantité d’azote total de tous les types d’eaux d’arrosage est supérieure à la valeur guide de l’OMS (5-30 mg l-1).Salmonella spp. a été isolée dans 35 % des eaux d’arrosage. Un échantillon d’eaux usées a été positif pour Vibrio cholerae.L’impact des eaux d’irrigation sur la qualité chimique et microbiologique de la nappe d’eau souterraine est fortement influencé par la pluviométrie et est différent selon le site considéré.Ce travail a montré que l’irrigation avec les eaux polluées et l’usage de fumiers organiques peut altérer la qualité de la nappe et constituer des risques pour la santé.In Dakar capital city of Senegal, the urban agriculture is in high expansion. Since the progressive increase of salinity in the local groundwater (Céanes water), raw wastewater is used to water the crops. The objective of this study is to assess chemical and microbiological quality of the groundwater underlying the irrigated plots and to identify the sources of pollution. This work was carried out in the sites of Pikine and Patte d’Oie in Dakar Senegal.Chemical analysis of irrigation water showed that in Pikine, the conductivity of Céanes water was higher (4822±2411 µS cm-1) than those of the wastewater (3579±1242 µS cm-1 ; p<0.04), while at Patte d’Oie it was less salted (<3000 µS cm-1). The quantity of total nitrogen of irrigation water in both sites was higher than the WHO’s threshold (5-30 mg l-1).Salmonella spp. was isolated in 35 % of the irrigation water. One wastewater sample was Vibrio cholerae positive.The impact of irrigation water on the chemical and microbiological quality of the groundwater is strongly influenced by precipitations and is different according to the site considered.This work showed that the use of polluted water and organic manures can spoil the quality of the groundwater and constitute a health threat.Urban agricultur

Adoção de Inteligência de Negócio e Big data Analytics (BDA) e Retorno sobre Investimento:: Um Estudo no Setor de Consumo Não Cíclico Listadas na B3 (Brasil-Bolsa-Balcão)

O estudo parte do pressuposto teórico da Visão Baseada em Recursos (VBR) de que empresas que possuem recursos de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) tal como Big data e fazem sua aplicação tendem a criar valor ao negócio e conseguem obter maiores suas taxas de retorno sobre o investimento (ROI). Neste contexto, o objetivo do estudo é identificar o uso de big data pelas empresas listadas no setor de consumo não cíclico da B3 (Brasil-Bolsa-Balcão). Para tanto, foram analisadas 25 empresas que compõem esse setor. A pesquisa classifica-se como quali-quanti e caracteriza-se como exploratória e descritiva. Os dados da pesquisa foram coletados através de relatórios de apresentação institucional, de sustentabilidade, relatórios integrados, trimestrais e anuais. Para categorizar os dados da pesquisa segundo os construtos aplicações, dados, analíticos e impactos, utilizou-se o formulário adaptado de Chen, Chain e Storey (2012) e o tratamento dos dados se deu por meio da análise descritiva que explorou a descrição dos construtos do formulário na amostra pesquisada e a análise inferencial a partir do teste não paramétrico U de Mann-Whitney. Os achados apontam parcialmente que a adoção de capacidade ou recursos pode criar valor às empresas, nesse sentido. Esses resultados corroboram com os achados de Krishnamoorthi e Mathew (2018), de que os recursos tecnológicos de big data podem contribuir para gerar informações que adicionam valor à empresa, ou seja, que melhoram a rentabilidade dos investimentos. Essa evidência é suportada também pelo estudo de Bharadwaj (2000), em que, foi descoberto que as empresas com alta capacidade de TI tendem a superar uma amostra de empresas de controle em uma variedade de lucro e medidas de desempenho baseados nos custos, o que é determinante para a maximização da margem de lucro da empresa e assim a rentabilidade dos investimentos

O uso das informações de custos no processo de gestão estratégica : um estudo empírico no setor hoteleiro da região Metropolitana de recife ––– PE

Diante das mutações ocorridas no ambiente empresarial nos últimos tempos, caracterizadas, principalmente, por uma acirrada competição e por uma busca permanente de ferramentas gerenciais capazes de dar suporte à tomada de decisões estratégicas, o uso das informações de custos, no processo de gestão estratégica, tem sido apontado pela literatura como um recurso eficaz para a criação de vantagem competitiva e para o fortalecimento do posicionamento da empresa no mercado. Frente a este quadro, este estudo teve como propósito verificar empiricamente se os gestores hoteleiros de médio e grande porte da região metropolitana de Recife utilizam informações de custos para desenvolver estratégias gerenciais. Efetuou-se a aplicação de um questionário junto aos gestores hoteleiros para coletar os dados, que foram tratados com a ajuda do SPSS- StatisticalPackage for the Social Sciences e analisados a partir da estatística descritiva e do teste de hipóteses, utilizando-se as provas não paramétricas: Teste Exato de Fischer e Teste U de Mann Whitney. Os resultados revelaram que a maioria dos gestores investigados não dispõe de informações de custos estratégicos e dos que as possuem, as principais informações de custos fornecidas pela contabilidade são índices de produtividade, custos de insumos e produtos em cada processo e ligações entre processos internos. As informações mais utilizadas são índices de produtividade, margens de fornecedores e clientes e custo de insumos e produtos em cada processo. E as informações menos utilizadas referem-se à estrutura de custos de concorrentes e custos de cada tipo de hóspede.Devant les transformations qui ont eu lieu dans le milieu entrepreneurial dans les derniers temps, caractérisées, principalment, par une intense competition et par une quête permanente d'outils de gestion capables de donner du support à la prise de decisions stratégiques, lutilisation des informations de coüts, dans le processus de gestion stratégique, est considérée par la littérature comme um moyen efficace pour la création d'avantage compétitive et pour fortifier le positionnement de Tentreprise dans le marché. Devant cette situation, cette étude a eu comme objectif de vérifier, de forme empirique, si les gestionnaires des moyens et grands hotels de la région métropolitaine de Recife utilisent les informations de coüts pour développer des stratégies de gestion. Lapplication d u n questionnaire a été effectuée avec les gestionnaires hotéliers pour collecter les données, qui ont été traitées avec Taide du SPSSStatistical Package for the Social Sciences et analysées à partir de la statistique descritive et du test d'hypothéses, en utilisant les preuves non-paramétriques : Test Exact de Fischer et Test U de Mann Whitney. Les résultats ont révélé que la majeur partie des gestionnaires qui ont répondu au questionnaire n ont pas à leur disposition des informations de coüts stratégiques et parmi ceux qui les détiennent, les principales informations fournies par la comptabilité sont les indices de productivité, les coüts de matiéres premières et produits de chaque processus et les liens entre les processus internes. Les informations les plus utilisées sont les índices de productivité, les marges de clients et fournisseurs et les coüts de matiéres premières et produits de chaque processus. Et les informations les moins utilisées disent respect à la structure de coüts des concurrents et les coüts de chaque type d'hôte

Genetic variation and host-parasite specificity of Striga resistance and tolerance in rice: the need for predictive breeding

The parasitic weeds Striga asiatica and Striga hermonthica cause devastating yield losses to upland rice in Africa. Little is known about genetic variation in host resistance and tolerance across rice genotypes, in relation to virulence differences across Striga species and ecotypes. Diverse rice genotypes were phenotyped for the above traits in S. asiatica- (Tanzania) and S. hermonthica-infested fields (Kenya and Uganda) and under controlled conditions. New rice genotypes with either ecotype-specific or broad-spectrum resistance were identified. Resistance identified in the field was confirmed under controlled conditions, providing evidence that resistance was largely genetically determined. Striga-resistant genotypes contributed to yield security under Striga-infested conditions, although grain yield was also determined by the genotype-specific yield potential and tolerance. Tolerance, the physiological mechanism mitigating Striga effects on host growth and physiology, was unrelated to resistance, implying that any combination of high, medium or low levels of these traits can be found across rice genotypes. Striga virulence varies across species and ecotypes. The extent of Striga-induced host damage results from the interaction between parasite virulence and genetically determined levels of host-plant resistance and tolerance. These novel findings support the need for predictive breeding strategies based on knowledge of host resistance and parasite virulence

Plasmodium falciparum malaria co-infection with tick-borne relapsing fever in Dakar

Abstract Background West African tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) due to Borrelia crocidurae and malaria are co-endemics in Senegal. Although expected to be high, co-infections are rarely reported. A case of falciparum malaria and B. crocidurae co-infection in a patient from Velingara (South of Senegal) is discussed. Case A 28\ua0year-old-male patient presented to Aristide Le Dantec Hospital for recurrent fever. He initially presented to a local post health of Pikine (sub-urban of Dakar) and was diagnosed for malaria on the basis of positive malaria rapid diagnostic test (RDT) specific to Plamodium falciparum . The patient was treated as uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Four days after admission the patient was referred to Le Dantec Hospital. He presented with fever (39\ua0\ub0C), soreness, headache and vomiting. The blood pressure was 120/80\ua0mmHg. The rest of the examination was normal. A thick film from peripheral blood was performed and addressed to the parasitology laboratory of the hospital. Thick film was stained with 10% Giemsa. Trophozoite of P. falciparum was identified at parasite density of 47 parasites per microlitre. The presence of Borrelia was also observed, concluding to malaria co-infection with borreliosis. Conclusions Signs of malaria can overlap with signs of borreliosis leading to the misdiagnosis of the latter. Thick and thin smear or QBC test or molecular method may be helpful to detect both Plamodium species and Borrelia . In addition, there is a real need to consider co-infections with other endemics pathogens when diagnosing malaria

Amélioration des Performances du Système de Traitement Tertiaire des Eaux de Rejet par Lagunage Naturel à la Station d’Épuration de Thiès (Sénégal)

Ce présent article aborde la méthode utilisée pour corriger la non-conformité par rapport aux normes sénégalaises de rejet NS-05-061 des paramètres de pollution physico-chimiques des eaux en sortie de traitement de la station d’épuration des eaux usées (STEP) de Keur Saïb Ndoye à Thiès. La STEP de Keur Saïb Ndoye de Thiès (à proximité de&nbsp;Medina Fall&nbsp;et&nbsp;Thiès Nord), après onze (11) années de fonctionnement, est confrontée à une baisse de rendement d’épuration qui affecte les paramètres de pollution physiques et organiques en sortie de lagunage. Au début des expériences, pour l’année 2017, la station a obtenu des valeurs moyennes en sortie de 102 contre 50 mg/L pour les MES, 135 contre 40 mg/L pour la DBO5 et 180 contre 100 mg/L pour la DCO. Pour observer à nouveau les normes sénégalaises de rejet, il a été préconisé l’isolement complet de l’une des deux séries de lagunes durant le second semestre de l’année 2018, afin de réduire le temps de séjour. Un suivi des paramètres de contrôle a été réalisé aux laboratoires de Thiès et de Cambérène sur la période de 2018 à la fin de l’année 2019 sur des échantillons prélevés à l’entrée de la STEP et en sortie de traitement tertiaire avant, pendant et après isolement de l’une des séries de lagunes. Les résultats de l’année 2019, après un an et demi de fonctionnement avec une seule série de quatre lagunes ont été satisfaisants dans leur globalité avec des rendements moyens annuels tous supérieurs à 90 % pour les MES, la DBO5 et la DCO. Des concentrations en sortie en MES, DBO5 et DCO dans l’effluent rejeté, respectivement de l’ordre de 38 mg/L, 42,8 mg/L et 91,3 mg/L sont obtenues. Ces valeurs sont nettement inférieures, à l’exception près de la DBO5, aux seuils fixés par la Norme sénégalaise. &nbsp; This paper discusses the method used to correct the non-compliance with Senegalese discharge standards NS-05-061 of the physical and chemical pollution parameters of water at the treatment outlet of the Keur Saïb Ndoye wastewater treatment plant in Thiès. Keur Saïb Ndoye wastewater treatment plant in Thies (near Medina Fall and North Thies), after eleven (11) years of operation, is facing a drop in treatment efficiency which affects the physical and organic pollution parameters at the lagoon outlet. At the beginning of the experiments, for the year 2017, the station obtained average output values of 102 against 50 mg/L for suspended solids, 135 against 40 mg/L for BOD5 and 180 against 100 mg/L for COD. To observe Senegalese discharge standards again, it was recommended to completely isolate one of the two series of lagoons during the second half of 2018, in order to reduce the residence time. Monitoring of the control parameters was carried out at Thiès and Cambérène laboratories over the period from 2018 to the end of 2019 on samples taken at the entrance to the STEP and at the exit from tertiary treatment before, during and after isolation of one of the series of lagoons. The results for 2019, after a year and a half of operation with a single series of four lagoons, were satisfactory overall with average annual yields all above 90% for suspended solids, BOD5 and COD. Output concentrations of SS, BOD5 and COD in the discharged effluent, respectively around 38 mg/L, 42.8 mg/L and 91.3 mg/L are obtained. These values are significantly lower, with the exception of BOD5, at the thresholds set by the Senegalese standard