How Raman Spectroscopy Can Be Used to Examine the Structural Changes Caused by Certain Penicillium Species on Chrome-Tanned Leather

Raman spectroscopy was used to elucidate structural changes of wet blue sheep leather due to the growth of fungi belonging to the genus Penicillium. After chrome tanning while leathers are still wet, they are prone to be affected by Penicillium, resulting in degradation of leather structure. RESUMEN:Espectroscopía Raman ha sido utilizada para explicar los cambios estructurales del cuero wet blue de oveja debido al crecimiento de hongos pertenecientes al género Penicillium. Luego del curtido al cromo, mientras los cueros están todavía húmedos, son propensos a ser afectados por Penicillium, lo que resulta en la degradación de la estructura de cuero. En este estudio, diferentes especies de hongos -Penicillium glabrum, Penicillium commune, Penicillium echinilatum, Penicillium brevicompactum and Penicillium chrysogenum- fueron inoculados en wet blues y se dejaron crecer durante 14 meses. Después de 14 meses, los cambios en la estructura del wet blue fueron investigados mediante espectroscopía Raman. Los resultados mostraron que los cueros de oveja curtidos al cromo se ven afectados en diversos grados por varios hongos del Penicilliu

Modélisation avec STICS des effets de non travail versus travail du sol en systèmes de culture sous des conditions pédoclimatiques contrastées

STICS a été largement utilisé dans de nombreux contextes agro-environnementaux, en particulier en France. Il a été testé en situation labourée et climat tempéré a contrario des systèmes de non-labour en zones tropicales. Quelques études ont évalué STICS dans des conditions tropicales, mais elles sont basées sur d'anciennes versions du modèle où les processus biologiques de dégradation du mulch de résidus de culture ne sont pas décrits. Nos hypothèses sont : i) les bilans d'eau, d'azote et de carbone à court, moyen ou long terme sont davantage sensibles aux modalités de décomposition du mulch qu'à la structure du sol, quand on compare les impacts du non travail du sol et du labour ; ii) le comportement et le devenir du mulch dépendent fortement des interactions advenant au sein du système techno-pédo- climatique. Notre stratégie a été de tester la capacité de STICS (v8.3.1) à simuler les systèmes de culture basés sur le non-labour et avec une couverture permanente d'un paillis de résidus de plantes sous les climats contrastés de plusieurs sites expérimentaux

Albumin-based cancer therapeutics for intraperitoneal drug delivery : a review

Albumin is a remarkable carrier protein with multiple cellular receptor and ligand binding sites, which are able to bind and transport numerous endogenous and exogenous compounds. The development of albumin-bound drugs is gaining increased importance in the targeted delivery of cancer therapy. Intraperitoneal (IP) drug delivery represents an attractive strategy for the local treatment of peritoneal metastasis (PM). PM is characterized by the presence of widespread metastatic tumor nodules on the peritoneum, mostly originating from gastro-intestinal or gynaecological cancers. Albumin as a carrier for chemotherapy holds considerable promise for IP delivery in patients with PM. Data from recent (pre)clinical trials suggest that IP albumin-bound chemotherapy may result in superior efficacy in the treatment of PM compared to standard chemotherapy formulations. Here, we review the evidence on albumin-bound chemotherapy with a focus on IP administration and its efficacy in PM

ORGANIC CARBON CONTENTS AND STOCKS IN PARTICLE SIZE FRACTIONS OF A TYPIC HAPLUDOX FERTILIZED WITH PIG SLURRY AND SOLUBLE FERTILIZER

The use of pig slurry (PS) as fertilizer can affect the soil quality and increase total stocks of soil organic carbon (TOC). However, the effects of PS on TOC amount and forms in the soil are not fully understood, particularly in areas under no-tillage (NT). The purpose of this study was to determine TOC contents and stocks in the particulate (POC) and mineral-associated C fractions (MAC) of an Oxisol after nine years of maize-oat rotation under NT, with annual applications of PS, soluble fertilizer and combined fertilization (pig slurry + soluble fertilizer). The experiment was initiated in 2001 in Campos Novos, Santa Catarina, with the following treatments: PS at rates of 0 (without fertilization - PS0); 25 (PS25); 50 (PS50); 100 (PS100); and 200 m3 ha-1yr-1 (PS200); fertilization with soluble fertilizer (SF); and mixed fertilization (PS + SF). The TOC content was determined in samples of six soil layers to a depth of 40 cm, and the POC and MAC contents in four layers to a depth of 20 cm. From the rate of 50 m3 ha-1yr-1 and upwards, the soil TOC content and stock increased according to the PS rates in the layers to a depth of 10 cm. The POC and MAC contents and stocks were higher in the surface layers, with a clear predominance of the second fraction, but a greater relative amplitude in the contents of the first fraction

RT-qPCR assay on the vitamin D receptor gene in type 2 diabetes and hypertension patients in Turkey

RT-qPCR was used to analyze the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene TaqI polymorphism in 100 Turkish patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension compared with 100 healthy subjects, to determine whether VDR could be considered as one of the susceptibility genes for T2DM and hypertension. Genotyping was done with PCR, followed by melting curve analysis with specific fluorescent hybridization probes. The results showed that distributions for TT, Tt and tt genotypes were 51, 46 and 3% in the patient group, and 35, 49 and 16% in the control group, respectively. The frequency of the T allele in patients was also significantly higher than that in controls. Based on the results, the relationship between the VDR gene TaqI polymorphism and T2DM patients in the Turkish population was compared. In terms of the genotype distributions and allele frequencies of the VDR gene TaqI polymorphism, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between the T2DM and hypertension patients and controls. Application of RT-qPCR method enabled us to assess the prevalence of the VDR gene TaqI polymorphism and its association with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.University of Selcuk, Medical Faculty, Meram, Konya, TurkeySelcuk University; Scientific Research Foundation of Selcuk University (BAP)Selcuk UniversityBlood samples of patients and healthy individuals for this study were kindly provided by University of Selcuk, Medical Faculty, Meram, Konya, Turkey. We would like to thank the Scientific Research Foundation of Selcuk University (BAP) for supporting this study. We also thank BioRad company for excellent technical assistance

Comparison of winter and summer canola (Brassica napus) genotypes in Turkey

We examined genetic relationships between canola (Brassica napus) genotypes cultivated in winter and spring in Turkey. Genomic DNA was isolated from the seeds by two modified CTAB protocols: EZ1 nucleic acid isolation method and a commercial kit (Dneasy Plant Mini Kit, Qiagen). Diversity and genetic relationships in the genotypes were analyzed with RAPD markers; 156 reliable bands were found for both genotypes, of which 24% were polymorphic. Fifteen primers gave at least one consistent polymorphic band. The dendogram developed by pooling data of RAPD analysis of summer and winter genotypes had similar patterns. This technique allowed us to examine the relationship between canola genotypes.Scientific Research Foundation of Selcuk University (BAP)Selcuk UniversityResearch supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of Selcuk University (BAP)

Development of doxorubicin loading platform based albumin-sporopollenin as drug carrier

Albumin is thought as an drug carrier for doxorubicin (DOX). The binding of doxorubicin to albumin was studied on the surface of sporopolleninin (SP) to produce a new drug system based natural materials. Human serum albumin (HSA) was immobilized on SPIONs in 20 mM Tris buffer, 7.4 of pH. Data showed that binding amount of HSA has been found to be as 285.53 ?g to the 25 mg of Sporopolleninin which also bounded 319.76 ?M of DOX. Binding of protein and drug to Sp were clarified by SEM, EDX and FT-IR analysis. © 2016.British Association for PsychopharmacologyWe would like to thank The Research Foundation of Selcuk University (BAP) for financial support of this work