KORELASI INDEKS MASSA TUBUH DAN DERAJAT KEPARAHAN AKNE VULGARIS: SEBUAH TINJAUAN KEPUSTAKAAN SISTEMATIS DAN META ANALISIS

Latar belakang: Akne vulgaris (AV) adalah penyakit kulit tersering ke-3 di dunia. Studi mengenai pengaruh indeks massa tubuh (IMT) terhadap derajat keparahan AV telah banyak dilakukan dengan beragam metode dan menghasilkan laporan yang berbeda. Karena itu, diperlukan tinjauan kepustakaan sistematik (TKS) dan meta analisis untuk menyimpulkan penelitian yang ada. Tujuan: Mengeksplorasi korelasi antara IMT dan derajat keparahan AV. Metode: TKS dilakukan di Pubmed selama bulan Juli 2020. Penilaian kualitas studi menggunakan JBI. Korelasi antara IMT dan derajat keparahan AV dianalisis secara kualitatif dan meta analisis. Meta analisis menggunakan fixed effect analysis pada aplikasi comprehensive meta analysis (CMA). Hasil: Terdapat 3 literatur yang sesuai kriteria. Satu Literatur melaporkan hasil tidak bermakna secara statistik, sedangkan dua literatur lain bermakna. Secara klinis, korelasi antara IMT dan derajat keparahan AV dilaporkan lemah pada satu literatur, sedangkan satu literatur lainnya melaporkan tidak bermakna. Ketiga literatur dilakukan meta analisis dan dilaporkan bahwa korelasi antara IMT dan derajat keparahan AV bermakna secara statistik, tetapi secara klinis tidak. Kesimpulan: Secara statistik, terdapat korelasi bermakna antara IMT dan derajat keparahan AV, tetapi secara klinis tidak bermakna. Kata Kunci: Akne, IMT, Korelasi, Derajat Keparahan AV, Tinjauan Kepustakaan Sistemati

Lactic Acid Bacteria Mediated Induction of Defense Enzymes To Enhance the Resistance in Tomato against Ralstonia Solanacearum Causing Bacterial Wilt

The biocontrol agent Lactic acid bacterium (LAB) was used against the bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. The present investigation focuses on the role of defense related enzymes in imparting resistance to tomato plants against R. solanacearum. The LAB isolate was tested for its ability to induce the production of defense-related enzymes in treated tomato seedlings. Tomato seedlings were raised from LAB pretreated seeds, were challenge inoculated with R. solanacearum, harvested at different time intervals (0–72 h) and assayed for defense enzyme activity. The LAB treated seeds showed increase in germination percentage (6%) and seedling vigour index (259) compared with control. Treatment of tomato seedlings with LAB isolate induced a significant amount of Peroxidase (POX), Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonialyase (PAL), total phenolics and β-1,3-glucanase activities. The activities of PAL, POX, PPO and β-1,3-glucanase reached maximum at 24 h, 24 h, 32 h and 24 h respectively after challenge inoculation. Increased accumulation of phenolics was noticed in plants pre-treated with LAB. Native PAGE analyses of POX and PPO were carried out for the time course of enzyme activities and the isoforms of POX and PPO were examined. In field study, ten isolates of R. solanacearum treated plots yielded an average of 32.4–50 kg/m2 and LAB treated plots an average of 153.5 kg/m2. As compared to the control, LAB increased the yield by 15.3% (8.2 kg/m2) and the pathogen infected plants and pre-treated with LAB gave an average of 55% (28.3 kg/m2 compared to the infected plots). Field experiment results indicated that LAB exhibited 61.1% of disease reduction of bacterial wilt in tomato

Estrangeirismo e Complexo de Gulliver: brasileiros na percepção de expatriados

The aim of this study was to understand, face to the Gulliver Complex approach,how self-initiated expatriates from different backgrounds perceive the relationshipbetween Brazilian people and foreigners. The study, that is exploratory and qualitative,was carried out through semi-structured interviews with 33 self-initiatedexpatriates, 17 from developed countries and 16 from developing countries. The resultssuggest that the foreignism can be understood as an aspect of Brazilian culture,bipolar, where one pole is related to the care of the Brazilian with the foreigner, andthe other represents the arrogant behavior torward the foreigner, showing a relationshipof compensation, as represented in the Gulliver Complex. The results suggestthat behaviors of superiority or inferioriry cannot be explained only by the foreignernationality, but by the origin suggested by the physical appearance of the foreigner.O objetivo deste estudo foi o de compreender, à luz da abordagem do Complexo deGulliver, como expatriados voluntários de diferentes origens percebem a relaçãodo brasileiro com o estrangeiro. O estudo, de cunho exploratório e qualitativo, foi realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com 33 expatriados voluntários, sendo 17 de origem de países desenvolvidos e 16 de países em desenvolvimento. Os resultados sugerem que o estrangeirismo pode ser entendido como uma dimensão da cultura brasileira, bipolar, onde um polo representa a solicitude do brasileiro para com o estrangeiro, e o outro representa o comportamento arrogante, guardando entre si uma relação de compensação, compreendida no complexo de Gulliver. Os resultados sugerem ainda, que comportamentos de superioridade ou inferioridade não podem ser explicados apenas pela nacionalidade do estrangeiro, mas origem sugerida pela aparência física do mesmo

An Erythropoietin-Independent Mechanism of Erythrocytic Precursor Proliferation Underlies Hypoxia Tolerance in Sea Nomads

The Bajau Sea Nomads were recently demonstrated to have evolved larger spleens as an adaptation to millennia of a marine foraging lifestyle. The large-spleen phenotype appears to derive from increases in thyroid hormone (TH) production as a result of reduced expression of phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A), though the exact mechanism remains unknown. Through pharmacological inhibition of PDE10A using the selective inhibitor MP-10 in mice, we were able to mimic the Bajau adaptation and show that treated mice had significantly larger spleens than control animals. This difference appears connected to an excess of early stage erythrocytes and an apparent increase in red blood cell (RBC) precursor proliferation in response to increased TH. However, we determined that the stimulation of RBC production in the mouse model via TH is Erythropoietin (EPO)-independent, unlike in the altitude (chronic hypoxemia) response. We confirmed this using human GWAS data; although the Bajau PDE10A variants are significantly associated with increased TH levels and RBC count, they are not associated with EPO levels, nor are other strongly thyroid-associated SNPs. We therefore suggest that an EPO-independent mechanism of stimulating RBC precursor proliferation via TH upregulation underlies the increase in spleen size observed in Sea Nomad populations

Adaptação de expatriados organizacionais e voluntários: similaridades e diferenças no contexto brasileiro

Apesar de as expatriações terem se tornado frequentes no mundo corporativo atual e de a maioria dos expatriados serem voluntários, e não designados para trabalhos no exterior por organizações empresariais, muitos autores têm tratado esses dois grupos de expatriados (voluntários e organizacionais) de forma homogênea. Neste trabalho, o objetivo foi diferenciar expatriados voluntários e organizacionais, conceitual e empiricamente, ao examinar diferenças na adaptação de indivíduos de ambos os grupos no Brasil. O estudo, de natureza qualitativa, foi realizado por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, estudadas por meio de análise de conteúdo, com 21 expatriados organizacionais e 24 expatriados voluntários residentes no Brasil. O marco teórico utilizado no estudo foi o modelo de adaptação transcultural de expatriados de Black, Mendenhall e Oddou (1991). Os resultados encontrados permitem ressaltar a importância da separação conceitual e empírica entre ambos os tipos de expatriados, uma vez que eles se mostraram com distintas características em termos das três dimensões de adaptação transcultural adotadas neste estudo. Para profissionais de Recursos Humanos que lidam com expatriação, são apontados expatriados voluntários como uma opção vantajosa para a formação de uma força de trabalho global, uma vez que eles tendem a adaptar-se melhor que expatriados organizacionais. Para acadêmicos, recomenda-se considerar ambos os tipos de expatriados em suas especificidades em futuras pesquisas.Aunque las expatriaciones se hayan vuelto comunes en el mundo empresarial de hoy y la mayoría de los expatriados sean voluntarios, y no asignados a trabajar en el extranjero por organizaciones empresariales, muchos autores han tratado a esos dos grupos de expatriados (por determinación de la organización y voluntarios) de manera uniforme. En este trabajo, el objetivo fue diferenciarlos tanto conceptual como empíricamente, al examinar las diferencias en la adaptación de los individuos de ambos grupos en Brasil. Se realizó un estudio cualitativo por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas, estudiadas por medio de análisis de contenido, con 21 expatriados por determinación de la organización y 24 expatriados voluntarios que residen en Brasil. El marco teórico utilizado en el estudio fue el modelo de adaptación transcultural de Black, Mendenhall y Oddou (1991). Los resultados permiten subrayar la importancia de la distinción conceptual y empírica entre ambos tipos de expatriados, dado que presentaron diferentes características en aspectos referentes a las tres dimensiones de adaptación transcultural adoptadas en este estudio. A los profesionales de Recursos Humanos que trabajan con expatriación, se presenta al expatriado voluntario como una opción ventajosa para la formación de una fuerza laboral global, ya que ellos tienden a adaptarse mejor que los expatriados por determinación de la organización. A los académicos, se recomienda tener en cuenta los dos tipos de expatriados en sus especificidades en futuras investigaciones.Though expatriation has become common in today's corporate world and the majority of expatriates are self-initiated rather than assigned by business organizations to work abroad, many authors have treated these two groups of expatriates (self-initiated and organizational) as homogeneous. The objective of this study was to differentiate, conceptually and empirically, self-initiated and organizational expatriates, by examining differences in the adaptation of individuals from both groups in Brazil. The study was qualitative, conducted through semi-structured interviews with 21 organizational and 24 self-initiated expatriates living in Brazil, using content analysis. The theoretical perspective adopted in this study was the model of transcultural adaptation of expatriates of Black, Mendenhall and Oddou (1991). The results emphasize the importance of a conceptual and empirical separation of the two types of expatriates, as they showed different characteristics in the three dimensions of transcultural adaptation used in this study. For Human Resources professionals that work with expatriation processes, the authors suggest that self-initiated expatriates are an advantageous option for the creation of a global workforce, since they tend to adapt better than the organizational ones. For academics, the authors recommend that both types of expatriates be considered in future research, given their specificitie

Equity impact of participatory learning and action community mobilisation and mHealth interventions to prevent and control type 2 diabetes and intermediate hyperglycaemia in rural Bangladesh: analysis of a cluster randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: A cluster randomised trial of mHealth and participatory learning and action (PLA) community mobilisation interventions showed that PLA significantly reduced the prevalence of intermediate hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the incidence of T2DM among adults in rural Bangladesh; mHealth improved knowledge but showed no effect on glycaemic outcomes. We explore the equity of intervention reach and impact. METHODS: Intervention reach and primary outcomes of intermediate hyperglycaemia and T2DM were assessed through interview surveys and blood fasting glucose and 2-hour oral glucose tolerance tests among population-based samples of adults aged ≥30 years. Age-stratified, gender-stratified and wealth-stratified intervention effects were estimated using random effects logistic regression. RESULTS: PLA participants were similar to non-participants, though female participants were younger and more likely to be married than female non-participants. Differences including age, education, wealth and marital status were observed between individuals exposed and those not exposed to the mHealth intervention.PLA reduced the prevalence of T2DM and intermediate hyperglycaemia in all age, gender and wealth strata. Reductions in 2-year incidence of T2DM of at least 51% (0.49, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.92) were observed in all strata except among the oldest and least poor groups. mHealth impact on glycaemic outcomes was observed only among the youngest group, where a 47% reduction in the 2-year incidence of T2DM was observed (0.53, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.00). CONCLUSION: Large impacts of PLA across all strata indicate a highly effective and equitable intervention. mHealth may be more suitable for targeting higher risk, younger populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN41083256

Micro-Raman Spectroscopy and Univariate Analysis for Monitoring Disease Follow-Up

Micro-Raman spectroscopy is a very promising tool for medical applications, thanks to its sensitivity to subtle changes in the chemical and structural characteristics of biological specimens. To fully exploit these promises, building a method of data analysis properly suited for the case under study is crucial. Here, a linear or univariate approach using a R2 determination coefficient is proposed for discriminating Raman spectra even with small differences. The validity of the proposed approach has been tested using Raman spectra of high purity glucose solutions collected in the 600 to 1,600 cm−1 region and also from solutions with two known solutes at different concentrations. After this validation step, the proposed analysis has been applied to Raman spectra from oral human tissues affected by Pemphigus Vulgaris (PV), a rare life-threatening autoimmune disease, for monitoring disease follow-up. Raman spectra have been obtained in the wavenumber regions from 1,050 to 1,700 cm−1 and 2,700 to 3,200 cm−1 from tissues of patients at different stages of pathology (active PV, under therapy and PV in remission stage) as confirmed by histopathological and immunofluorescence analysis. Differences in the spectra depending on tissue illness stage have been detected at 1,150–1,250 cm−1 (amide III) and 1,420–1,450 cm−1 (CH3 deformation) regions and around 1,650 cm−1 (amide I) and 2,930 cm−1 (CH3 symmetric stretch). The analysis of tissue Raman spectra by the proposed univariate method has allowed us to effectively differentiate tissues at different stages of pathology

Determination of the antimutagenicity of an aqueous extract of Rhizophora mangle L. (Rhizophoraceae), using in vivo and in vitro test systems

An aqueous extract of Rhizophora mangle L. bark is used as raw material in pottery making in the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil. This extract presents large quantities of tannins, compounds possessing antioxidant properties. Tannin antioxidant activity, as a plant chemical defense mechanism in the process of stabilizing free radicals, has been an incentive to studies on anti-mutagenicity. The present work aimed to evaluate possible antimutagenic activity of a R. mangle aqueous extract, using the Allium cepa test-system and micronuclear (MN) assay with blockage of cytokinesis in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-K1). The Allium cepa test-system indicated antimutagenic activity against the damage induced by the mutagenic agent methyl methanesulfonate. A reduction in both MN cell frequency and chromosome breaks occurred in both the pre and post-treatment protocols. The MN testing of CHO-K1 cells revealed anti-mutagenic activity of the R. mangle extract against methyl methanesulfonate and doxorubicin in pre, simultaneous and post-treatment protocols. These results suggest the presence of phyto-constituents in the extract presenting demutagenic and bio-antimutagenic activities. Since the chemical constitution of Rhizophora mangle species presents elevated tannin content, it is highly probable that these compounds are the antimutagenic promoters themselves

Equity impact of participatory learning and action community mobilisation and mHealth interventions to prevent and control type 2 diabetes and intermediate hyperglycaemia in rural Bangladesh : analysis of a cluster randomised controlled trial

BACKGROUND: A cluster randomised trial of mHealth and participatory learning and action (PLA) community mobilisation interventions showed that PLA significantly reduced the prevalence of intermediate hyperglycaemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and the incidence of T2DM among adults in rural Bangladesh; mHealth improved knowledge but showed no effect on glycaemic outcomes. We explore the equity of intervention reach and impact. METHODS: Intervention reach and primary outcomes of intermediate hyperglycaemia and T2DM were assessed through interview surveys and blood fasting glucose and 2-hour oral glucose tolerance tests among population-based samples of adults aged ≥30 years. Age-stratified, gender-stratified and wealth-stratified intervention effects were estimated using random effects logistic regression. RESULTS: PLA participants were similar to non-participants, though female participants were younger and more likely to be married than female non-participants. Differences including age, education, wealth and marital status were observed between individuals exposed and those not exposed to the mHealth intervention.PLA reduced the prevalence of T2DM and intermediate hyperglycaemia in all age, gender and wealth strata. Reductions in 2-year incidence of T2DM of at least 51% (0.49, 95% CI 0.26 to 0.92) were observed in all strata except among the oldest and least poor groups. mHealth impact on glycaemic outcomes was observed only among the youngest group, where a 47% reduction in the 2-year incidence of T2DM was observed (0.53, 95% CI 0.28 to 1.00). CONCLUSION: Large impacts of PLA across all strata indicate a highly effective and equitable intervention. mHealth may be more suitable for targeting higher risk, younger populations. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ISRCTN41083256