Equinococose no sul do Brasil: tentativas para implementação de um programa de controle em Santana do Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul

This investigation aimed to design a strategy for echinococcosis control in Santana do Livramento county, an endemic area in state of Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil). Fecal samples from 65 dogs were obtained from urban, suburban and rural areas. Purging with Arecoline Bromhidrate (AB) was done to visualize Echinococcus granulosus, and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was performed to detect parasite coproantigen. Samples were obtained at the beginning and at the end of treatment with Praziquantel. A third fecal sampling was also done in rural areas four months after the end of treatment. Each dog was treated immediately after the first purging and every 30 days for eight months. In urban and suburban areas no infected dogs were found. In rural areas, first evaluation showed 11.36% and 27.69% of infected dogs by AB and ELISA, respectively. No infected dogs were diagnosed in the second evaluation and in the third evaluation 36.84% and 47.37% infected dogs were identified by AB and ELISA, respectively. Medication program to combat dog infection resulted in successful interruption of parasite transmission, but the project failed to create awareness of the need for dog prophylaxis among rural populations as well as to establish a permanent control program in this municipality.Este trabalho objetivou implementar um programa de controle da equinococose no município de Santana do Livramento, área endêmica no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Amostras fecais de 65 cães foram coletadas em áreas urbanas, suburbanas e rurais. Para visualizar o Echinococcus granulosus foi realizada purgação com Bromhidrato de Arecolina (BA) e para identificar coproantígenos parasitários foi empregado um método imunoenzimático (ELISA). As amostras foram coletadas no começo e ao fim do tratamento com Praziquantel. Nas áreas rurais uma terceira coleta foi feita quatro meses após o fim do tratamento. Cada cão foi tratado no começo e a cada trinta dias durante 8 meses. Nas áreas urbanas e suburbanas nenhum cão parasitado foi identificado. Nas áreas rurais estavam parasitados 11,36% e 27,69% dos cães, por BA e ELISA, respectivamente. Na terceira avaliação, 36,84% e 47,37% dos cães estavam infectados, por BA e ELISA, respectivamente. Observou-se que um programa a base de drogas anti-parasitárias resultou em interrupção eficiente na transmissão parasitária, mas o projeto falhou em criar uma mentalidade consciente nos habitantes da zona rural relacionada a profilaxia, bem como em estabelecer um programa permanente de controle desta parasitose no município

Echinococcus granulosus : epidemiology and state-of-the-art of diagnostics in animals

Diagnosis and detection of Echinococcus granulosus (sensu lato) infection in animals is a prerequisite for epidemiological studies and surveillance of echinococcosis in endemic, re-emergent or emergent transmission zones. Advances in diagnostic approaches for definitive hosts and livestock, however, have not progressed equally over the last 20 years. Development of laboratory based diagnostics for canids using coproantigen ELISA and also coproPCR, have had a huge impact on epidemiological studies and more recently on surveillance during hydatid control programmes. In contrast, diagnosis of cystic echinococcosis (CE) in livestock still relies largely on conventional post-mortem inspection, despite a relatively low diagnostic sensitivity especially in early infections, as current serodiagnostics do not provide a sufficiently specific and sensitive practical pre-mortem alternative. As a result, testing of dog faecal samples by coproantigen ELISA, often combined with mass ultrasound screening programmes for human CE, has been the preferred approach for monitoring and surveillance in resource-poor endemic areas and during control schemes. In this article we review the current options and approaches for diagnosis of E. granulosus infection in definitive and animal intermediate hosts (including applications in non-domesticated species) and make conclusions and recommendations for further improvements in diagnosis for use in epidemiological studies and surveillance schemes

Prevalência de Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) em cães urbanos errantes do município de Dom Pedrito (RS), Brasil Prevalence of Echinococcus granulosus (Batsch, 1786) in urban stray dogs from Dom Pedrito in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

Echinococcus granulosus é um dos parasitas mais importantes envolvidos em zoonoses de municípios próximos a fronteira do Rio grande do Sul com a Argentina e Uruguai. Amostras de 65 cães urbanos errantes do município de Dom Pedrito foram analisadas por meio de três técnicas: purgação pelo bromidrato de arecolina para visualização da presença do parasito; ensaio de imunoadsorção enzimática (ELISA), para detecção de coproantígenos, imunofluorescência indireta (IFI), para detecção de anticorpos séricos contra E. granulosus. Destes cães, 7,7% (5/65) apresentaram o parasita nas fezes, 10,8 (7/65) coproantígenos e 13,8% (9/65) anticorpos séricos contra o cestódeo. Conclui-se que a equinococose canina, no meio urbano, pode representar um sério problema à saúde pública, devido ao risco de hidatidose humana.<br>Echinococcus granulosus is the one of the most important parasites involved in zoonosis in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, in cities near the Argentinian and Uruguayian border. Sixty-five samples of urban stray dogs from Dom Pedrito county were analyzed by three techniques: purgation by arecoline hydrobromide, to verify the presence of the parasite; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test (ELISA), to detect the coproantigen and indirect immunofluorescence antibody test (IFA) to identify serum antibodies against E. granulosus. From the analyzed dogs 7.7% (5/65) have presented the parasite in feces, 10.8% (7/65) had coproantigens and 13.8% (9/65) serum antibodies against this cestode. It was concluded that canine echinococcosis in the urban zone may represent a serious problem to public health, due to hidatidosis risk for humans