Self Esteem and its Associated Factors in Primiparous mothers Referred to health centers in the city of Mashhad

Background and aims: Breastfeeding is one of the most effective behaviors to health promotion. One of the factors that affect on successful breastfeeding is mother's self-esteem. With regard consequences of low self-esteem that have negative impact on interpersonal relationships, thinking, feeling and person, practice, this study aimed to determine self-esteem and its related factors in primiparous women. Methods: In this descriptive study, 300 Primiparous lactating mothers with children less than 6 months, referred to health centers in the Mashhad city were selected by multistage random sampling. Data collection was completed by Rosenberg Self esteem questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software through Spearman correlation test, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney. Results: The mean and standard deviation of maternal self-esteem were 28.98 ± 2.76. Most of women (94.33%) had the average level of self-esteem and only a small percentage of women (1.33%) had high self-esteem. Based on the results, there was a negative significant relationship between self-esteem and the child's age (P=0.01). In other cases, the relationship between self-esteem and variables such as age, education and income were not significant (P>0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the self-esteem mean score of most nulliparous women during breast-feeding was moderate and due to the fact that the self-esteem affects their self-efficacy, feeling and performance, it is suggested that midwives and other health professionals consider psychosocial aspects that they affect self-esteem of breastfeeding mothers and do some measurements on self-esteem of these individuals in order to increase it

Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive effects of extract contains and without Glycyrrhizic acid of Glycyrrhiza glabra rhizome in male mice

Background and aims: Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (licorice) is a very sweet and soothing herb with anti-inflammatory property and hormonal effects, and in the high importance to the pharmaceutical and food industries. The aim of this study was to investigate the Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of extract containing and without Glycyrrhizic acid of licorice rhizome on small laboratory mice. Methods: In this experimental study, 126 male NMRI mice randomly divided into 18 groups (n=7). Xylene and Formalin Tests used for demonstrating anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects. The normal saline control group and the positive control group in the inflammation test were injected dexamethasone, and morphine was injected in the pain test. Experimental groups received extract with and without Glycyrrhizic acid of licorice rhizome at doses of 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg. Statistical analysis was performed using Graph pad Prism software, one and two way ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc tests (P<0.05). Results: The results of inflammation test showed that all doses of extract with glycyrrhizin contain anti-inflammatory effect in inhibiting the xelen-induced inflammation compared with the control group. Results of formalin test showed that the extract with glycyrrhizin has more analgesic effect than without glycyrrhizin extract. Analgesic effects of two extracts in both acute and chronic pain were observed which the pain score dropped significantly in chronic pain. Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that licorice root extract has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects so that major part of these effects is probably related to Glycyrrhizic acid

The Relationship between Sex Roles and Childbearing Motivation in Fertile Women, Iran

Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the relationship between sex role and women's childbearing motivation.Methods: In this study 841 married female participants lived in urban society of Mashhad were recruited based on a multistage sampling from a variety of settings. Data was gathered using Childbearing Questionnaire (CBQ) and brief form of Bem sex role questionnaire. Analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression test and independent t-test.Results: Feminine sex role was in significant relationship with positive childbearing motivation (p=.001). Masculine sex role have no relationship with both childbearing motivations. ANOVA showed a difference between the motivations in four groups of participants divided based on sex role scores. LSD test shows that positive motivation in android (p=.013) and masculine (p=.012) groups were significantly less than feminine group. Negative childbearing motivations in feminine group was less than in UN-differentiate group (p=.014). Conclusion: Multiple regression analysis show that positive motivation was in relationship with the feminine sex role and reverse relationship with marriage age. Reproductive health policy makers and family planning counselors can apply study findings in order to plan perfect programs to direct proper fertility behaviors in the society

A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials on saffron (Crocus sativus) effectiveness and safety on erectile dysfunction and semen parameters

Objective: We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis study to determine saffron (Crocus sativus) effectiveness and safety in male infertility problems. Materials and Methods: The databases PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, Google Scholar, SID, IranMedex and Magiran until July 2016 and reference section of relevant articles, were searched to find both English and Persian clinical trials on male infertility issues that used saffron as medical treatment. Also, the quality of these trials was evaluated by Oxford Center for Evidence Based Medicine checklist. A total of six trials was ultimately included. All statistical analyses were done by Comprehensive Meta-analysis (CMA) Version 2. Results: Only in one study conducted on sperm parameters, the mean percentage of sperm with normal morphology (

The effectiveness and safety of Iranian herbal medicines for treatment of premenstrual syndrome: A systematic review

Objective: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is one of the most common problems among women of reproductive age. The popularity of complementary/alternative therapies has grown in recent years, and these treatments have been more commonly used by women (48.9%) than men (37.8%). The aim of this systematic review was to assess effectiveness and safety of Iranian herbal medicines for treatment of premenstrual syndrome. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and Google Scholar were searched along with SID, Magiran and Irandoc up to Dec 2017. Inclusion criteria consist of Iranian, published, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using Iranian herbal medicine for treatment of reproductive age women with PMS. Eventually Eighteen RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Results: Overall, studies have shown that Vitex agnuscastus, Hypericum perforatum, Matricaria chamomilla, saffron, Curcumin, Melissa officinalis, Zataria multiflora,Wheat Germ Extract, Echinophora platyloba, Foeniculum vulgare, Valerian root extract, Citrus sinensis, Zingiber officinale andFlax seed might alleviate symptoms of PMS. Conclusion: This research demonstrated efficacy and safety of Iranian herbal medicines in alleviating PMS. Therefore, herbal medicine can be regarded as an alternative treatment for women suffering from PMS

The Quality of Maternity Services in Mashhad Educational Hospitals, Using SERVUSE Model

Introduction: Reducing maternal and neonatal mortality requires improved care quality; the aim of this study was to determine various dimensions of the quality of services in maternity wards in Iran from the patient’s perspective. Methods: In this cross-sectional study which was conducted from April to October 2017, 363 patients were selected from maternity wards of five hospitals affiliated to Mashhad University of Medical Sciences by convenience sampling method. Data collection tools consisted of the SERVUSE (Service Usability questionnaire), including 51 items in 6 dimensions of services quality; its validity and reliability were determined in previous studies. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, version 20. The analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods including Wilcoxon, Kruskal Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The significance level in all the tests was considered 5%. Results: The total mean scores of the patients’ expectation and perception were 19.10±2.14 and 15.11±4.25, respectively. The highest expectation and perception were related to the usability dimension, and the lowest expectation and perception were related to reliability dimension. The differences between the median score of perception and expectation for all dimensions and total median score of perceptions and expectations were statistically significant (P<0.05, using Wilcoxon test). There were no statistically significant differences in the median score of the gap between the patient’s expectations and perceptions at the levels of demographic variables (P>0.05, using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal Wallis tests). Conclusion: It seems that the service quality of maternity ward of hospitals was approximately unsatisfactory from the patients’ perspective, and they had high expectations in maternity wards of hospitals. Since maternity service quality is critically important, improvement of quality requires management, concordant participation, and efforts of the hospital and staff at all levels of the medical facilities and convenience

Psychometric Evaluation of the Receptive Picture Vocabulary Test for Persian-speaking Children

Background and Objectives: Measuring children’s receptive vocabulary skills requires the use of valid and reliable tools. This study aims to assess the reliability of the receptive picture vocabulary test for Persian-speaking children (RPVT-P). Methods: In the first phase of this cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study, 434 normal children aged 30 to 71 months participated. In the second phase of the study, 2 groups participated, 16 children with Down syndrome (DS) a mentally age-matched typically developing (TD) peers. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s α coefficient), construct validity, and discriminant validity of the RPVT-P was evaluated. Results: Cronbach’s α was calculated as 0.825, indicating good internal consistency for the total score of the RPVT-P. The Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.83 showed a positive correlation between age and the total score of the RPVT-P (P=0.0000). The correlation between most of the subtest scores and the total score of the RPVT-P was found from 0.70 to 0.87, showing acceptable construct validity. A significant difference was observed between the DS and TD groups for the total scores of the RPVT-P (P=0.0000), indicating good discriminant validity of the RPVT-P. Conclusion: The RPVT-P is a test with acceptable validity and reliability to determine the ability of preschool Persian-speaking children in receptive vocabulary

Mapping 123 million neonatal, infant and child deaths between 2000 and 2017

Since 2000, many countries have achieved considerable success in improving child survival, but localized progress remains unclear. To inform efforts towards United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3.2—to end preventable child deaths by 2030—we need consistently estimated data at the subnational level regarding child mortality rates and trends. Here we quantified, for the period 2000–2017, the subnational variation in mortality rates and number of deaths of neonates, infants and children under 5 years of age within 99 low- and middle-income countries using a geostatistical survival model. We estimated that 32% of children under 5 in these countries lived in districts that had attained rates of 25 or fewer child deaths per 1,000 live births by 2017, and that 58% of child deaths between 2000 and 2017 in these countries could have been averted in the absence of geographical inequality. This study enables the identification of high-mortality clusters, patterns of progress and geographical inequalities to inform appropriate investments and implementations that will help to improve the health of all populations