Synthesis of a chitosan nanoparticle suspension and its protective effects against enamel demineralization after an in vitro cariogenic challenge

Objective: Our study aims to synthesize, characterize, and determine the effects of a ChNPs suspension on human enamel after cariogenic challenge via pH-cycling. Methodology: ChNPs were synthesized by ion gelation and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering. Forty enamel blocks were divided into four groups (n=10/group): (i) ChNPs suspension; (ii) chitosan solution; (iii) 0.05% sodium fluoride (NaF) solution; and (iv) distilled water. Specimens were exposed to cariogenic challenge by cycling in demineralization solution (3 h) and then remineralized (21h) for 7 days. Before each demineralization cycle, the corresponding solutions were passively applied for 90 s. After 7 days, specimens were examined for surface roughness (Ra) and Knoop hardness (KHN) before and after the cariogenic challenge; % KHN change (variation between initial and final hardness), and surface topography by an optical profilometer. The data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA, One-way ANOVA, and Tukey tests (α=0.05). Results: TEM images showed small spherical particles with diameter and zeta potential values of 79.3 nm and +47.9 mV, respectively. After the challenge, all groups showed an increase in Ra and a decrease in KHN values. Optical profilometry indicated that ChNPs- and NaF-treated specimens showed uneven roughness interspersed with smooth areas and the lowest %KHN values. Conclusion: The ChNPs suspension was successfully synthesized and minimized human enamel demineralization after a cariogenic challenge, showing an interesting potential for use as an oral formulation for caries prevention

The Genome of Anopheles darlingi, the main neotropical malaria vector

Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical malaria vector, responsible for more than a million cases of malaria per year on the American continent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ∼100 million years ago (mya) and successfully adapted to the New World environment. Here we present an annotated reference A. darlingi genome, sequenced from a wild population of males and females collected in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 10 481 predicted protein-coding genes were annotated, 72% of which have their closest counterpart in Anopheles gambiae and 21% have highest similarity with other mosquito species. In spite of a long period of divergent evolution, conserved gene synteny was observed between A. darlingi and A. gambiae. More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and short indels with potential use as genetic markers were identified. Transposable elements correspond to 2.3% of the A. darlingi genome. Genes associated with hematophagy, immunity and insecticide resistance, directly involved in vectorhuman and vectorparasite interactions, were identified and discussed. This study represents the first effort to sequence the genome of a neotropical malaria vector, and opens a new window through which we can contemplate the evolutionary history of anopheline mosquitoes. It also provides valuable information that may lead to novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on the South American continent. The A. darlingi genome is accessible at www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.php/anopheles- darlingi. © 2013 The Author(s)

Synovial Sarcoma in Head and Neck: A Case Report

Introduction  Synovial sarcoma is a malignant tumor of mesenchymal pluripotent cells. Objectives  We present a case of synovial sarcoma in the posterolateral wall of the oropharynx. Resumed report  The patient, a 23-year-old woman, was admitted with a history of dysphagia and difficulty in breathing for 8 months, resulting in progressive deterioration and onset of snoring, muffled voice, and local pain. An oropharyngeal tumor in the left posterolateral wall touched the base of the ipsilateral tongue. The patient underwent endoscopic pharyngectomy to remove the lesion. Pathologic examination revealed synovial sarcoma with positive margins, and Mohs technique was proposed for margin control. The margins were disease-free, without the need for total laryngectomy. The pharynx was reconstructed with a microvascular forearm flap. The patient developed postoperative stability. Conclusion  Despite its name, synovial sarcoma is rarely sourced directly from synovial membranes. It is most commonly found in the vicinity of large joints. The location at the head and neck, a location poor in synovial tissue, is unusual. Synovial sarcoma in the head and neck has an aggressive nature and poor prognosis. Resection with negative margins remains the foundation of therapy, which is not so easily achieved in the head and neck. It is important for the otorhinolaryngologist and head and neck surgeon to be familiar with this aggressive tumor, which carries high mortality and morbidity. The appropriate diagnosis and treatment can improve prognosis and patient survival

Cuidado de enfermagem a pessoas com hipertensão fundamentado na teoria de Parse Atención de enfermería a personas con hipertensión basada en la teoría de Parse Nursing care to people with hypertension based on Parse's theory

Este estudo propõe o cuidado de enfermagem, baseado nos princípios de Parse, a pessoas com hipertensão consultadas na Estratégia Saúde da Família. Estudo descritivo, de cunho qualitativo, realizado de março a maio de 2011, com quatorze enfermeiros no município de Itapajé-Ceará. Para coleta das informações utilizou-se a entrevista semiestruturada e, para análise, o discurso dos sujeitos. Emergiram três categorias baseadas nos princípios de Parse: Multidimensão dos significados - o enfermeiro conduz ao relato dos significados; Sincronização de ritmos - o enfermeiro ajuda a identificar harmonia e desarmonia; Mobilização da transcendência - o enfermeiro guia o plano de mudanças. Notou-se aproximação dos discursos ao teorizado por Parse quando citaram buscar um cuidado humanizado, com a participação da família, valorização da autonomia, utilização da educação em saúde, com orientações individuais. Percebeu-se a viabilidade na implementação do cuidado de enfermagem fundamentado na Teoria de Parse a pessoas com hipertensão.<br>Este estudio propone la atención de enfermería, basada en los principios de Parse, para personas con hipertensión en la Estrategia de Salud Familiar. Estudio descriptivo, cualitativo, realizado de marzo a mayo/2011, con catorce enfermeros en Itapajé, Ceará. Para la recolección de las informaciones, se utilizó la entrevista semiestructurada y para análisis, el discurso de los sujetos. Emergieron tres categorías: Multidimensiones de los significados - el enfermero conduce al relato de los significados; Sincronización de los ritmos - el enfermero ayuda a identificar armonía y desarmonía; Movilización de la trascendencia - el enfermero guía el plan de cambios. Se observó semejanzas entre el enfoque de los discursos y la Teoría de Parse, cuando citaron la búsqueda de atención humanizada, con participación de la familia, valoración de la autonomía, uso de la educación en salud, con orientaciones individuales. Se observó la viabilidad en la ejecución de la atención de enfermería basada en la Teoría de Parse a personas con hipertensión.<br>This study proposes the nursing care, based on Parse's principles, to people with hypertension assisted in the Family Health Strategy. Descriptive study of qualitative approach carried out from March to May 2011, with fourteen nurses in the municipality of Itapajé-CE, Brazil. For data collection we used semi-structured interview and for analysis we used the subjects' discourse. Three categories emerged based on Parse's principles: The multidimensional meanings - the nurse leads to the meanings report; Synchronization of rhythms - the nurse helps identifying harmony and disharmony; Mobilization of transcendence - the nurse guides the plan of changes. It was verified the approach of discourses to Parse's theory when mentioned seeking a humanized care, with family participation, valuing autonomy, use of health education, with individual orientations. It was noticed the viability in the implementation of nursing care based on Parse's theory to people with hypertension

Pathological findings associated with toxoplasmosis in free-ranging marmosets (<i>Callithrix</i> spp.).

(A) Random lytic necrotizing hepatitis with adjacent mild lipidosis, Liver, HE, Scale bar = 100 μm. (B) Immuno staining for T. gondii zoites, Liver, DAB, Scale bar = 60 μm. (C) Splenitis, histiocytic, with fibrin deposition in red pulp, Spleen, HE, Scale bar = 60 μm. (D) Immuno staining for T. gondii zoites, Spleen, DAB, Scale bar = 60 μm. (E) Interstitial pneumonia, characterized by alveolar walls expanded by histiocytes, lymphocytes and plasma cells, with moderate number of foamy macrophages, mild alveolar hemorrhage, diffuse congestion, and intracytoplasmic Toxoplasma gondii zoites (inset), Lung, HE, Scale bar = 60 μm. (F) Immuno staining for T. gondii zoites, Lung, DAB, Scale bar = 60 μm.</p

General data and pathological findings of free-ranging marmosets (<i>Callithrix</i> spp.) from the State of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) with toxoplasmosis from January 2017 to July 2019.

General data and pathological findings of free-ranging marmosets (Callithrix spp.) from the State of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) with toxoplasmosis from January 2017 to July 2019.</p

Distribution of toxoplasmosis cases in free-ranging marmosets from Rio de Janeiro state from January 2017 to July 2019.

Map from Rio de Janeiro mesoregions (IBGE 2021) with total number of animals with by each mesoregion (grey box). SRC: EPCG 4674 –SIRGAS 2000 (QGIS Version 3.24.3).</p

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data