Nurses' perceptions of aids and obstacles to the provision of optimal end of life care in ICU

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A new species of Begonia section Casparya from the Colombian eastern cordillera and a key to the Colombian Casparya

A new species, Begonia solaniflora Jara is described from Colombia. This species belongs to section Casparya as evident by the fruit type, but is also easily distinguished from other Casparya species by the undivided or rarely bifid styles, the stamens erect with the anthers connivent and the nearly symmetrical leaves. We provide illustrations, photographs, a distribution map of the species and after an assessment of its conservation status we propose to place it in the Critically Endangered (CR) category. © 2017 Magnolia Pres

Character Evolution and Recircumscription of the Northern Andean Begonia Section Casparya (Begoniaceae)

Sections Casparya and Semibegoniella are some of the most species rich groups of Begonia in the North Andean region. Taken together, both sections are clearly recognizable with respect to other sections of Begonia because of their distinctive fruits that open at the back of the locules and usually have no wings but horns, however the differences between the two are less clear. The gamophyllous perianth (vs. apophyllous in Casparya) and unilamellar placenta (vs. bilamellar in Casparya) have been proposed as diagnostic characters for Semibegoniella, but this distinction has been problematic due to species of intermediate morphology, and the lack of documentation of these characters in several species. Using three chloroplast markers and nuclear internal transcribed spacers of ribosomalDNA(ITS), we present a phylogeny of the Begonia sections Casparya and Semibegoniella (Begoniaceae) and representative species of related sections. We demonstrate that both sections constitute a clade, however each one is polyphyletic, and synonymize Semibegoniella with section Casparya. Character evolution analysis reveals evidence of multiple events of convergent evolution in characters frequently used to separate Begonia sections Casparya and Semibegoniella. Additional taxonomic changes derived from this study include the designation of species status to Begonia luteyorum for Begonia brevipetala var. luteynorum, and the inclusion of Begonia raimondii as a synonym of Begonia hirta. © 2019 Copyright by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists

Angiosperm flora and biogeography of the páramo region of Colombia, northern Andes

Páramo is the neotropical high elevation ecosystem in the northern Andes and Central America consisting of multiple dissected open areas above 3000 m a.s.l. Complex evolutionary processes that occurred within these ecosystems gave rise to a unique tropical Andean flora. Previous phytogeographical classifications for Colombian páramos have been based on subjective assessments of species distributions. However, a detailed floristic analysis highlighting affinities between páramo regions in Colombia has not yet been proposed. The aim of this study is to provide an analytical scenario for the patterns of regional plant diversity in a hierarchical framework based on the biogeographical history of the páramos, based on 30 localities of the Colombian páramos. Parsimony analysis of endemicity (PAE) and Jaccard similarity indices were applied to a presence/absence data matrix of páramo angiosperm species. Altitudinal distribution of species was used to determine the percentage of the páramo flora endemic to this ecosystem. Genera are shared among páramos, whereas species composition is highly endemic. 86% of the páramo angiosperm plant species is endemic to this ecosystem. The Colombian Páramo areas can be grouped using PAE into five biogeographical units, based on angiosperm species composition. These are: (1) Páramos de la Cordillera Oriental; (2) Páramos de la Cordillera Central and Macizo Colombiano; (3) Páramos de Antioquia; (4) Páramos del Norte; (5) Páramos de la Cordillera Occidental

Character Evolution and Recircumscription of the Northern Andean Begonia Section Casparya (Begoniaceae)

Sections Casparya and Semibegoniella are some of the most species rich groups of Begonia in the North Andean region. Taken together, both sections are clearly recognizable with respect to other sections of Begonia because of their distinctive fruits that open at the back of the locules and usually have no wings but horns, however the differences between the two are less clear. The gamophyllous perianth (vs. apophyllous in Casparya) and unilamellar placenta (vs. bilamellar in Casparya) have been proposed as diagnostic characters for Semibegoniella, but this distinction has been problematic due to species of intermediate morphology, and the lack of documentation of these characters in several species. Using three chloroplast markers and nuclear internal transcribed spacers of ribosomalDNA(ITS), we present a phylogeny of the Begonia sections Casparya and Semibegoniella (Begoniaceae) and representative species of related sections. We demonstrate that both sections constitute a clade, however each one is polyphyletic, and synonymize Semibegoniella with section Casparya. Character evolution analysis reveals evidence of multiple events of convergent evolution in characters frequently used to separate Begonia sections Casparya and Semibegoniella. Additional taxonomic changes derived from this study include the designation of species status to Begonia luteyorum for Begonia brevipetala var. luteynorum, and the inclusion of Begonia raimondii as a synonym of Begonia hirta. © 2019 Copyright by the American Society of Plant Taxonomists

A new species of Begonia section Casparya from the Colombian eastern cordillera and a key to the Colombian Casparya

A new species, Begonia solaniflora Jara is described from Colombia. This species belongs to section Casparya as evident by the fruit type, but is also easily distinguished from other Casparya species by the undivided or rarely bifid styles, the stamens erect with the anthers connivent and the nearly symmetrical leaves. We provide illustrations, photographs, a distribution map of the species and after an assessment of its conservation status we propose to place it in the Critically Endangered (CR) category. © 2017 Magnolia Pres

Efecto de la aplicación de compost en algunas propiedades químicas de un suelo typic haplustoll en el valle del cauca, colombia

Más de 200.000 ha de cultivos de caña de azúcar en el Valle del Cauca (Asocaña, 2010) han utilizado por décadas prácticas de fertilización convencional. Esto ha llevado al subsector de la caña de azúcar en la región a evaluar diferentes productos de origen orgánico como el compost, reduciendo, en gran medida, el uso de fertilizantes minerales. El compost de residuos de caña de azúcar se procesa en plantas de compostaje en diferentes ingenios azucareros de la región y se obtiene a partir de subproductos como torta de filtro, hoja picada, bagazo y vinaza (Sánchez, 2009). Teniendo en cuenta que muchas investigaciones hacen énfasis en la necesidad de incluir prácticas agrícolas que mantengan un alto nivel de productividad sin deterioro de la calidad de los suelos, esta investigación se llevó a cabo para evaluar el efecto de diferentes dosis de compost sobre algunas propiedades químicas (M.O., pH, C.I.C.) en un suelo agrícola Typic haplustoll cultivado con caña de azúcar

Transporte de humedad y variaciones estacionales en la composición isotópica estable de la lluvia en el páramo centroamericano y andino durante las condiciones de El Niño (2015-2016)

Los sistemas de pastizales tropicales de gran altitud, llamados Páramo, brindan servicios ecosistémicos esenciales como el almacenamiento y el suministro de agua para las áreas circundantes y de tierras bajas. Los sistemas de páramo están amenazados por los cambios climáticos y de uso del suelo. Los procesos de generación de lluvia y las vías de transporte de humedad que influyen en la precipitación en el Páramo no se conocen bien, pero se necesitan para estimar el impacto de estos cambios, particularmente durante las condiciones de El Niño, que afectan en gran medida las condiciones hidrometeorológicas en las regiones tropicales. Para llenar este vacío de conocimiento, presentamos un análisis de isótopos estables de las muestras de lluvia recolectadas diariamente o semanalmente entre enero de 2015 y mayo de 2016 durante el evento de El Niño más fuerte registrado en la historia (2014-2016) en dos regiones de Páramo de América Central (Chirripó, Costa Rica) y el norte de los Andes (Cajas, sur de Ecuador). Se utilizaron composiciones isotópicas para identificar cómo los procesos de generación de lluvia (convectiva y orográfica) cambian estacionalmente en cada sitio de estudio. Se usó el análisis de trayectoria de masa de aire híbrido de modelo de trayectoria integrada lagrangiana de partícula única (HYSPLIT) para identificar rutas preferenciales de transporte de humedad a cada sitio de Páramo. Nuestros resultados muestran la fuerte influencia de los vientos alisios del noreste para transportar la humedad del Mar Caribe a Chirripó y el jet sudamericano de bajo nivel para transportar la humedad del bosque amazónico a Cajas. Estas contribuciones de humedad también se relacionaron con la formación de lluvia convectiva asociada con el paso de la Zona de Convergencia Intertropical sobre Costa Rica y Ecuador durante las estaciones más húmedas y con la precipitación orográfica durante las temporadas de transición y más secas. Nuestros hallazgos brindan información básica esencial para futuras aplicaciones de investigación de isótopos estables al agua como trazadores de procesos de generación de lluvia y transporte en el Páramo y otros ecosistemas montanos en los trópicos.High‐elevation tropical grassland systems, called Páramo, provide essential ecosystem services such as water storage and supply for surrounding and lowland areas. Páramo systems are threatened by climate and land use changes. Rainfall generation processes and moisture transport pathways influencing precipitation in the Páramo are poorly understood but needed to estimate the impact of these changes, particularly during El Niño conditions which largely affect hydrometeorological conditions in tropical regions. To fill this knowledge gap, we present a stable isotope analysis of rainfall samples collected on a daily to weekly basis between January 2015 and May 2016 during the strongest El Niño event recorded in history (2014‐2016) in two Páramo regions of Central America (Chirripó, Costa Rica) and the northern Andes (Cajas, south Ecuador). Isotopic compositions were used to identify how rainfall